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Article: Descriptive Epidemiology of Pathogens Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection in a Community-Based Study of K-12 School Children (2015-2023).

Bell, Cristalyne / Goss, Maureen / Norton, Derek / Barlow, Shari / Temte, Emily / He, Cecilia / Hamer, Caroline / Walters, Sarah / Sabry, Alea / Johnson, Kelly / Chen, Guanhua / Uzicanin, Amra / Temte, Jonathan

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 13, Issue 4

Abstract: School-based outbreaks often precede increased incidence of acute respiratory infections in the greater community. We conducted acute respiratory infection surveillance among children to elucidate commonly detected pathogens in school settings and their ... ...

Abstract	School-based outbreaks often precede increased incidence of acute respiratory infections in the greater community. We conducted acute respiratory infection surveillance among children to elucidate commonly detected pathogens in school settings and their unique characteristics and epidemiological patterns. The ORegon CHild Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS) is a longitudinal, laboratory-supported, school-based, acute respiratory illness (ARI) surveillance study designed to evaluate the utility of cause-specific student absenteeism monitoring for early detection of increased activity of influenza and other respiratory viruses in schools from kindergarten through 12th grade. Eligible participants with ARIs provided demographic, epidemiologic, and symptom data, along with a nasal swab or oropharyngeal specimen. Multipathogen testing using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on all specimens for 18 respiratory viruses and 2 atypical bacterial pathogens (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens13040340
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Article ; Online: SUMO-Modification of Human Nrf2 at K

Walters, Treniqka S / McIntosh, Deneshia J / Ingram, Shalonda M / Tillery, Lakeisha / Motley, Evangeline D / Arinze, Ifeanyi J / Misra, Smita

Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology

2021 Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–159

Abstract: ... Conclusion: Our findings indicate that SUMO-2 mediated sumoylation of K ...

Abstract	Background/aims: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant response element(s) (ARE) in target gene promoters, enabling oxidatively stressed cells to respond in order to restore redox homeostasis. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) that mediate activation of Nrf2, in the cytosol and its release from Keap1, have been extensively studied but PTMs that impact its biology after activation are beginning to emerge. In this regard, PTMs like acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation contribute towards the Nrf2 subcellular localization, and its transactivation function. We previously demonstrated that Nrf2 traffics to the promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear bodies (PML-NB), where it is a target for modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins (sumoylation), but the site(s) for SUMO conjugation have not been determined. In this study, we aim to identify SUMO-2 conjugation site(s) and explore the impact, sumoylation of the site(s) have on Nrf2 stability, nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of its target gene expression upon oxidative stress. Methods: The putative SUMO-binding sites in Nrf2 for human isoform1 (NP_006155.2) and mouse homolog (NP_035032.1) were identified using a computer-based SUMO-predictive software (SUMOplot™). Site-directed mutagenesis, immunoblot analysis, and ARE-mediated reporter gene assays were used to assess the impact of sumoylation on these site(s) in vitro. Effect of mutation of these sumoylation sites of Nrf2 on expression of Heme Oxygenase1 (HO-1) was determined in HEK293T cell. Results:  Eight putative sumoylation sites were identified by SUMOplot™ analysis. Out of the eight predicted sites only one Conclusion: Our findings indicate that SUMO-2 mediated sumoylation of K
MeSH term(s)	Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Binding Sites ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Protein Stability ; Sumoylation
Chemical Substances	NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; NFE2L2 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067572-3
ISSN	1421-9778 ; 1015-8987
ISSN (online)	1421-9778
ISSN	1015-8987
DOI	10.33594/000000351
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Article ; Online: Reduced axonal surface expression and phosphoinositide sensitivity in K

Kim, Eung Chang / Zhang, Jiaren / Pang, Weilun / Wang, Shuwei / Lee, Kwan Young / Cavaretta, John P / Walters, Jennifer / Procko, Erik / Tsai, Nien-Pei / Chung, Hee Jung

Neurobiology of disease

2018 Volume 118, Page(s) 76–93

Abstract: Neuronal K ...

Abstract	Neuronal K
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; Axons/pathology ; Brain Diseases/genetics ; Brain Diseases/metabolism ; Brain Diseases/pathology ; Epilepsy, Generalized/genetics ; Epilepsy, Generalized/metabolism ; Epilepsy, Generalized/pathology ; Gene Expression ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; KCNQ2 Potassium Channel/biosynthesis ; KCNQ2 Potassium Channel/chemistry ; KCNQ2 Potassium Channel/genetics ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/pathology ; Phosphatidylinositols/biosynthesis ; Phosphatidylinositols/genetics ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats
Chemical Substances	KCNQ2 Potassium Channel ; Phosphatidylinositols
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1211786-9
ISSN	1095-953X ; 0969-9961
ISSN (online)	1095-953X
ISSN	0969-9961
DOI	10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.004
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Article ; Online: Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeons Achieve High Rates of K Award Conversion Into R01 Funding.

Narahari, Adishesh K / Mehaffey, J Hunter / Hawkins, Robert B / Baderdinni, Pranav K / Chandrabhatla, Anirudha S / Tribble, Curtis G / Kron, Irving L / Roeser, Mark E / Walters, Dustin M / Ailawadi, Gorav

The Annals of thoracic surgery

2018 Volume 106, Issue 2, Page(s) 602–607

Abstract: ... The utility of career development grants (K awards) for achieving the goal of R01 funding remains debated ... surgeons compared with other specialties in converting K-level grants into R01 equivalents.: Methods ... All K (K08 and K23) grants awarded to surgeons by the NIH between 1992 and 2017 were identified ...

Abstract	Background: Obtaining National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 funding remains extremely difficult. The utility of career development grants (K awards) for achieving the goal of R01 funding remains debated, particularly for surgeon-scientists. We examined the success rate for cardiothoracic and vascular (CTV) surgeons compared with other specialties in converting K-level grants into R01 equivalents. Methods: All K (K08 and K23) grants awarded to surgeons by the NIH between 1992 and 2017 were identified through NIH Research Portfolio Online Report Tools (RePORTER), an online database combining funding, publications, and patents. Only grants awarded to CTV surgeons were included. Grants active within the past year were excluded. Mann-Whitney U tests and χ Results: During this period, 62 K grants were awarded to CTV surgeons. The analysis excluded 16 grants that were still active within the last year. Twenty-two (48%) of the remaining K awardees successfully transitioned to an R01 or equivalent grant. Awardees with successful conversion published nine publications per K grant compared with four publications for those who did not convert successfully (p = 0.01). The median time for successful conversion to an R grant was 5.0 years after the K award start date. Importantly, the 10-year conversion rate to R01 was equal for CTV surgeons compared with other clinician-investigators (52.6% vs 42.5%). Conclusions: CTV surgeons have an equal 10-year conversion rate to the first R01 award compared with other clinicians. These data suggest that NIH achieves a good return on investment when funding CTV surgeon-scientists with K-level funding.
MeSH term(s)	Academic Success ; Awards and Prizes ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Financing, Organized/economics ; Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgeons/economics ; Thoracic Surgery/economics ; United States ; Vascular Surgical Procedures/economics
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	211007-6
ISSN	1552-6259 ; 0003-4975
ISSN (online)	1552-6259
ISSN	0003-4975
DOI	10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.02.029
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Article: Selenium Accumulation, Speciation and Localization in Brazil Nuts (<i>Bertholletia excelsa</i> H.B.K.)

Lima, Leonardo W / Stonehouse, Gavin C / Walters, Christina / Mehdawi, Ali F. El / Fakra, Sirine C / Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H

Plants. 2019 Aug. 16, v. 8, no. 8

2019

Abstract: More than a billion people worldwide may be selenium (Se) deficient, and supplementation with Se-rich Brazil nuts may be a good strategy to prevent deficiency. Since different forms of Se have different nutritional value, and Se is toxic at elevated ... ...

Abstract	More than a billion people worldwide may be selenium (Se) deficient, and supplementation with Se-rich Brazil nuts may be a good strategy to prevent deficiency. Since different forms of Se have different nutritional value, and Se is toxic at elevated levels, careful seed characterization is important. Variation in Se concentration and correlations of this element with other nutrients were found in two batches of commercially available nuts. Selenium tissue localization and speciation were further determined. Mean Se levels were between 28 and 49 mg kg−1, with up to 8-fold seed-to-seed variation (n = 13) within batches. Brazil nut Se was mainly in organic form. While present throughout the seed, Se was most concentrated in a ring 1 to 2 mm below the surface. While healthy, Brazil nuts should be consumed in moderation. Consumption of one seed (5 g) from a high-Se area meets its recommended daily allowance; the recommended serving size of 30 g may exceed the allowable daily intake (400 μg) or even its toxicity threshold (1200 μg). Based on these findings, the recommended serving size may be re-evaluated, consumers should be warned not to exceed the serving size and the seed may be sold as part of mixed nuts, to avoid excess Se intake.
Keywords	Bertholletia excelsa ; Brazil nuts ; acceptable daily intake ; nutrient deficiencies ; nutrients ; nutritive value ; selenium ; serving size ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0816
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants8080289
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Book ; Online: Small components in k-nearest neighbour graphs

Walters, Mark

2011

Abstract: Let $G=G_{n,k}$ denote the graph formed by placing points in a square of area $n$ according ... Sarkar and Walters proved that if $k<0.3043\log n$ then the probability that $G$ is connected tends to 0 ... to a Poisson process of density 1 and joining each point to its $k$ nearest neighbours. Balister, Bollob\'as ...

Abstract	Let $G=G_{n,k}$ denote the graph formed by placing points in a square of area $n$ according to a Poisson process of density 1 and joining each point to its $k$ nearest neighbours. Balister, Bollob\'as, Sarkar and Walters proved that if $k<0.3043\log n$ then the probability that $G$ is connected tends to 0, whereas if $k>0.5139\log n$ then the probability that $G$ is connected tends to 1. We prove that, around the threshold for connectivity, all vertices near the boundary of the square are part of the (unique) giant component. This shows that arguments about the connectivity of $G$ do not need to consider `boundary' effects. We also improve the upper bound for the threshold for connectivity of $G$ to $k=0.4125\log n$. Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures
Keywords	Mathematics - Probability ; Computer Science - Computational Geometry ; Mathematics - Combinatorics ; 60K35 ; 82B43
Publishing date	2011-01-13
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A conserved arginine near the filter of Kir1.1 controls Rb/K selectivity.

Sackin, Henry / Nanazashvili, Mikheil / Li, Hui / Palmer, Lawrence G / Walters, D Eric

Channels (Austin, Tex.)

2010 Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) 203–214

Abstract: ROMK (Kir1.1) channels are important for K secretion and recycling in the collecting duct ... Arg in the P loop of the channel near the selectivity filter that controls Rb/K selectivity. Mutation ... of this Arg to a Tyr (R128Y-Kir1.1b, R147Y-Kir1.1a) increased the macroscopic conductance ratio, G(Rb)/G(K ...

Abstract	ROMK (Kir1.1) channels are important for K secretion and recycling in the collecting duct, connecting tubule and thick ascending limb of the mammalian nephron. We have identified a highly conserved Arg in the P loop of the channel near the selectivity filter that controls Rb/K selectivity. Mutation of this Arg to a Tyr (R128Y-Kir1.1b, R147Y-Kir1.1a) increased the macroscopic conductance ratio, G(Rb)/G(K) by 17 ± 3 fold and altered the selectivity sequence from NH(4) > K > Tl > Rb >> Cs in wt-Kir1.1 to: Rb > Cs > Tl > NH(4) >> K in R128Y, without significant change in the high K/Na permeability ratio of Kir1.1. R128M produced similar, but smaller, increases in Rb, Tl, NH(4) and Cs conductance relative to K. R128Y remained susceptible to block by both external Ba and the honeybee toxin, TPNQ, although R128Y had a reduced affinity for TPNQ, relative to wild-type. The effect of R128Y-Kir1.1b on the G(Rb)/G(K) ratio can be partly explained by a larger single-channel Rb conductance (12.4 ± 0.5 pS) than K conductance (<1.5 pS) in this mutant. The kinetics of R128Y gating at -120 mV with Rb as the permeant ion were similar to those of wt-Kir1.1 conducting Rb, but with a longer open time (129 ms vs. 6 ms for wt) and two closed states (13 ms, 905 ms), resulting in an open probability (Po) of 0.5, compared to a Po of 0.9 for wt-Kir1.1, which had a single closed state of 1 ms at -120 mV. Single-channel R128Y rectification was eliminated in excised, insideout patches with symmetrical Rb solutions. The large increase in the Rb/K conductance ratio, with no change in K/Na permeability or rectification, is consistent with R128Y-Kir1.1b causing a subtle change in the selectivity filter, perhaps by disruption of an intra-subunit salt bridge (R128-E118) near the filter.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arginine/physiology ; Conserved Sequence ; Ion Channel Gating ; Kinetics ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/chemistry ; Rats ; Rubidium/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
Chemical Substances	Kcnj1 protein, rat ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Arginine (94ZLA3W45F) ; Rubidium (MLT4718TJW) ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2262854-X
ISSN	1933-6969 ; 1933-6969
ISSN (online)	1933-6969
ISSN	1933-6969
DOI	10.4161/chan.4.3.11982
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Article ; Online: Quality of life in patients with K-RAS wild-type colorectal cancer: the CO.20 phase 3 randomized trial.

Cancer

2014 Volume 120, Issue 2, Page(s) 181–189

Abstract: Background: The CO.20 trial randomized patients with K-RAS wild-type, chemotherapy-refractory ... BRIV worsened time to QoL deterioration for patients with K-RAS wild-type, chemotherapy-refractory ...

Abstract	Background: The CO.20 trial randomized patients with K-RAS wild-type, chemotherapy-refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer to receive cetuximab (CET) plus brivanib alaninate (BRIV) or CET plus placebo (CET/placebo). Methods: Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks until disease progression. Predefined coprimary QoL endpoints were time to deterioration (first worsening from baseline of ≥ 10 points) on the Physical Function (PF) and Global (GHS) scales. Results: Of 750 randomized patients, 721 (358 of whom received CET/BRIV) were assessable for QoL. QoL compliance and baseline PF and GHS scores did not differ by treatment arm. The median time to deterioration was 1.6 months versus 1.1 months for GHS (P =.02) and 5.6 months versus 1.7 months for PF (P <.0001) favoring CET/placebo. Secondary analysis favored CET/placebo for QOL response on the PF, Cognitive Function, Fatigue, Nausea, Appetite, and Diarrhea scales. A greater percentage of patients on the CET/BRIV arm had PF worsening at 6 weeks (31% vs 17%). Clinical adverse events of ≥ grade 3 were more common with CET/BRIV than with CET/placebo, including fatigue (25% vs 11%), hypertension, rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration, and anorexia. Conclusions: Compared with CET/placebo, the combination of CET/BRIV worsened time to QoL deterioration for patients with K-RAS wild-type, chemotherapy-refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer on the PF and GHS scales of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30. This result may be due to higher rates of fatigue and gastrointestinal adverse events.
MeSH term(s)	Alanine/administration & dosage ; Alanine/analogs & derivatives ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Cetuximab ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Diarrhea/chemically induced ; Fatigue/chemically induced ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Triazines/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Triazines ; brivanib (DDU33B674I) ; Alanine (OF5P57N2ZX) ; Cetuximab (PQX0D8J21J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1429-1
ISSN	1097-0142 ; 0008-543X ; 1934-662X
ISSN (online)	1097-0142
ISSN	0008-543X ; 1934-662X
DOI	10.1002/cncr.28410
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Article: External K activation of Kir1.1 depends on the pH gate.

Sackin, Henry / Nanazashvili, Mikheil / Li, Hui / Palmer, Lawrence G / Walters, D Eric

Biophysical journal

2007 Volume 93, Issue 2, Page(s) L14–6

Abstract: The inward rectifier Kir1.1 (ROMK) family is gated by both internal pH and external K ... crossing at L160-Kir1.1. However, it is unclear whether K activation is mediated at the pH gate or ... by another gate in the permeation path. In this study, we used the whole-cell conductance increase during rapid K ...

Abstract	The inward rectifier Kir1.1 (ROMK) family is gated by both internal pH and external K, where the putative pH gate is formed by the convergence of leucine side chains, near the inner helical bundle crossing at L160-Kir1.1. However, it is unclear whether K activation is mediated at the pH gate or by another gate in the permeation path. In this study, we used the whole-cell conductance increase during rapid K elevation as a measure of K activation, assuming that activation is inherently slower than changes in channel conduction. Results indicate that structural disruption of the Kir1.1 bundle-crossing pH gate prevents both inactivation by low external K and reactivation by high external K.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Female ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/drug effects ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/genetics ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Recombinant Proteins ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	218078-9
ISSN	1542-0086 ; 0006-3495
ISSN (online)	1542-0086
ISSN	0006-3495
DOI	10.1529/biophysj.107.110122
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Article: U.K. winter egg survival in the field and laboratory diapause of Typhlodromips montdorensis

Hatherly, I.S / Bale, J.S / Walters, K.F.A

Physiological entomology. 2005 Mar., v. 30, no. 1

2005

Abstract: ... in the U.K. against thrips and spider mites. This study investigates the field survival in the U.K. of T ... to survive a U.K. winter outside of the glasshouse environment, and contribute to the understanding ...

Abstract	Typhlodromips montdorensis has potential for release as a glasshouse biological control agent in the U.K. against thrips and spider mites. This study investigates the field survival in the U.K. of T. montdorensis when released as eggs, and the diapause response when reared in a regime related to its location of origin. All acclimated and nonacclimated eggs of T. montdorensis die in the field within 7 days of exposure. It is not possible to induce diapause in T. montdorensis reared at 21 degrees C under a LD 11:13 h photoperiod. The results presented here support the view that T. montdorensis is unlikely to survive a U.K. winter outside of the glasshouse environment, and contribute to the understanding of the biology of this little known species.
Keywords	Amblyseius ; predatory mites ; biological control agents ; overwintering ; ova ; mortality ; viability ; diapause ; photoperiod ; cold tolerance ; acclimation ; temperature ; United Kingdom ; England
Language	English
Dates of publication	2005-03
Size	p. 87-91.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	194751-5
ISSN	0307-6962
ISSN	0307-6962
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