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Article ; Online: Advancements in bacterial chemotaxis: Utilizing the navigational intelligence of bacteria and its practical applications.

Xu, Qi / Ali, Shehbaz / Afzal, Muhammad / Nizami, Abdul-Sattar / Han, Song / Dar, Mudasir A / Zhu, Daochen

2024 Volume 931, Page(s) 172967

Abstract: The fascinating world of microscopic life unveils a captivating spectacle as bacteria effortlessly maneuver through their surroundings with astonishing accuracy, guided by the intricate mechanism of chemotaxis. This review explores the complex mechanisms ...

Abstract	The fascinating world of microscopic life unveils a captivating spectacle as bacteria effortlessly maneuver through their surroundings with astonishing accuracy, guided by the intricate mechanism of chemotaxis. This review explores the complex mechanisms behind this behavior, analyzing the flagellum as the driving force and unraveling the intricate signaling pathways that govern its movement. We delve into the hidden costs and benefits of this intricate skill, analyzing its potential to propagate antibiotic resistance gene while shedding light on its vital role in plant colonization and beneficial symbiosis. We explore the realm of human intervention, considering strategies to manipulate bacterial chemotaxis for various applications, including nutrient cycling, algal bloom and biofilm formation. This review explores the wide range of applications for bacterial capabilities, from targeted drug delivery in medicine to bioremediation and disease control in the environment. Ultimately, through unraveling the intricacies of bacterial movement, we can enhance our comprehension of the intricate web of life on our planet. This knowledge opens up avenues for progress in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172967
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Article ; Online: Anesthesia and sedation in pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: A review.

Dar, Abdul Q / Shah, Zahoor A

World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy

2010 Volume 2, Issue 7, Page(s) 257–262

Abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedure has become an essential modality for evaluation and treatment of GI diseases. Intravenous (IV) sedation and General Anesthesia (GA) have both been employed to minimize discomfort and provide amnesia. Both these ... ...

Abstract	Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedure has become an essential modality for evaluation and treatment of GI diseases. Intravenous (IV) sedation and General Anesthesia (GA) have both been employed to minimize discomfort and provide amnesia. Both these procedures require, at the very least, monitoring of the level of consciousness, pulmonary ventilation, oxygenation and hemodynamics. Although GI endoscopy is considered safe, the procedure has a potential for complications. Increased awareness of the complications associated with sedation during GI endoscopy in children, and involving the anesthesiologists in caring for these children, may be optimal for safety. Belonging to a younger age group, having a higher ASA class and undergoing IV sedation were identified as risk factors for developing complications. Reported adverse events included inadequate sedation, low oxygen saturation, airway obstruction, apnea needing bag mask ventilation, excitement and agitation, hemorrhage and perforation. A complication rate of 1.2% was associated with procedures performed under GA, as compared to 3.7% of complications associated with IV sedation. IV sedation was seen to be independently associated with a cardiopulmonary complication rate 5.3% times higher when compared to GA. GA can therefore be considered safer and more effective in providing comfort and amnesia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573698-X
ISSN	1948-5190 ; 1948-5190
ISSN (online)	1948-5190
ISSN	1948-5190
DOI	10.4253/wjge.v2.i7.257
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Article ; Online: Anesthesia and sedation in pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures

Abdul Q Dar / Zahoor A Shah

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol 2, Iss 7, Pp 257-

A review

2010 Volume 262

Abstract	Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedure has become an essential modality for evaluation and treatment of GI diseases. Intravenous (IV) sedation and General Anesthesia (GA) have both been employed to minimize discomfort and provide amnesia. Both these procedures require, at the very least, monitoring of the level of consciousness, pulmonary ventilation, oxygenation and hemodynamics. Although GI endoscopy is considered safe, the procedure has a potential for complications. Increased awareness of the complications associated with sedation during GI endoscopy in children, and involving the anesthesiologists in caring for these children, may be optimal for safety. Belonging to a younger age group, having a higher ASA class and undergoing IV sedation were identified as risk factors for developing complications. Reported adverse events included inadequate sedation, low oxygen saturation, airway obstruction, apnea needing bag mask ventilation, excitement and agitation, hemorrhage and perforation. A complication rate of 1.2% was associated with procedures performed under GA, as compared to 3.7% of complications associated with IV sedation. IV sedation was seen to be independently associated with a cardiopulmonary complication rate 5.3% times higher when compared to GA. GA can therefore be considered safer and more effective in providing comfort and amnesia.
Keywords	Gastrointestinal ; Endoscopy ; Pediatrics ; Sedation ; General anesthesia ; Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ; RC799-869 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Gastroenterology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences ; Surgery ; RD1-811 ; DOAJ:Surgery
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Non-Hyperammonemic valproate encephalopathy.

Farooq, Omar / Zunga, Pervaiz M / Dar, Mohd I / Rather, Abdul Q / Rashid, Samia / Basu, Javid / Dar, Ishrat H / Ashraf, Mohd

Annals of neurosciences

2014 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 76–79

Abstract: A 21-year-old male known case of primary hypothyroidism, Seizure disorder sequelae of an old trauma receiving sodium valproate, clobazam and phenobarbitone for control of Generalized tonic clonic seizures reported to neurology OPD with history of altered ...

Abstract	A 21-year-old male known case of primary hypothyroidism, Seizure disorder sequelae of an old trauma receiving sodium valproate, clobazam and phenobarbitone for control of Generalized tonic clonic seizures reported to neurology OPD with history of altered sensorium and gait unsteadiness for 1 week with history of hike in valproate dose 2 weeks before. On examination he was drowsy. Neurological examination was unremarkable except for gait unsteadiness and ataxia. Patient was admitted and evaluated for acute worsening. All (the) biochemical parameters including complete blood count, liver function tests, kidney function tests, routine urine examination, arterial blood gas analysis, blood and urine culture tests were normal. CSF analysis was also normal. Repeat MRI brain was also done which depicted all old changes with no fresh changes which will account for worsening of his sensorium. EEG was suggestive of diffuse encephalopathy. Thyroid function tests were also normal. Valproate encephalopathy was suspected and Valproate was empirically stopped and he was put on levetiracetam and phenytoin. His sensorium improved rapidly after stoppage of valproate with normalization of EEG. Serum valproate Levels were high with serum ammonia levels were in the normal range. We made the inference of nonhyperammoneamic valproate encephalopathy. This case highlights the existence of non-hyperammonemic valproate induced encephalopathy, suggesting mechanisms other than hyperammonemia responsible for this encephalopathy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2576191-2
ISSN	0976-3260 ; 0972-7531
ISSN (online)	0976-3260
ISSN	0972-7531
DOI	10.5214/ans.0972.7531.210210
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Article ; Online: Psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent substance use among people who inject drugs

Hadiya Kar / Abdul Majid Gania / Altaf Bandy / Nizam ud din Dar / Farhana Rafiq

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a single-centre hospital-based study

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract The management of people who inject drugs (PWID) is compounded by the presence of psychiatric comorbidities leading to frequent relapses and poor treatment outcomes. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities should be ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The management of people who inject drugs (PWID) is compounded by the presence of psychiatric comorbidities leading to frequent relapses and poor treatment outcomes. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities should be included in the management to enhance treatment outcomes. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent substance use among opioid injectors. This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to August 2022. This study included opioid injectors of all ages and both sexes. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-7 (MINI-7) and WHO-ASSIST were used to determine psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent substance use, respectively. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to assess associations among demographic variables, concurrent substance use and psychiatric comorbidities. Among the 328 opioid injectors, the overall prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities was 88.1%, with the majority (68.6%) having more than one comorbidity. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were panic disorder (41.2%), social anxiety disorder (40.5%), and antisocial personality disorder (39.3%). Concurrent use of alcoholic beverages doubled the risk of ASPD (odds ratio 2.14 (1.24–3.72)). Cocaine (odds ratio 2.36 (1.10–5.03)) and amphetamines (odds ratio 7.68 (2.21–26.65)) increased the risk of OCD. Daily heroin injections were negatively associated (odds ratio 0.18 (0.03–0.94)) with psychotic disorders. Younger age (adjusted odds ratio 0.20 (0.79–0.53)) and never married status (adjusted odds ratio 2.62 (1.06–6.47)) were the only significant variables in the regression analysis. In conclusion, opioid injectors had a higher prevalence of numerous psychiatric comorbidities. The most common comorbidity was anxiety disorders. Concurrent use of tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, inhalants, etc., greatly increased the risk of psychiatric comorbidities.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Extra pontine osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Zunga, Pervaiz M / Farooq, Omar / Dar, Mohd I / Dar, Ishrat H / Rashid, Samia / Rather, Abdul Q / Basu, Javid A / Ashraf, Mohammed / Bhat, Jahangeer A

Annals of neurosciences

2015 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 51–53

Abstract: The osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) has been identified as a complication of the rapid correction of hyponatremia for decades. However, in recent years, a variety of other medical conditions have been associated with the development of ODS, ... ...

Abstract	The osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) has been identified as a complication of the rapid correction of hyponatremia for decades. However, in recent years, a variety of other medical conditions have been associated with the development of ODS, independent of changes in serum sodium which cause a rapid changes in osmolality of the interstitial (extracellular) compartment of the brain leading to dehydration of energy-depleted cells with subsequent axonal damage that occurs in characteristic areas. Slow correction of the serum sodium concentration and additional administration of corticosteroids seems to be a major prevention step in ODS patients. In the current report we aimed to share a rare case which we observed in our hospital. A 65 year old female admitted as altered sensorium with history of vomiting, diarrhea was managed with intravenous fluids for 2 days at a peripheral health centre. Patient was referred to our centre with encephalopathy, evaluated and found to have hyponatremia and hypokalemia rest of biochemical parameters and septic profile were normal. Patient's electrolyte disturbances were managed as per guidelines but encephalopathy persisted. Supportive treatment was continued and patient was discharged after 2 wks of stay in hospital after gaining full sensorium and neurological functions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2576191-2
ISSN	0976-3260 ; 0972-7531
ISSN (online)	0976-3260
ISSN	0972-7531
DOI	10.5214/ans.0972.7531.220212
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Article ; Online: Outcome of dorsal buccal graft urethroplasty in female urethral stricture disease (FUSD); our institutional experience.

Khawaja, Abdul Rouf / Dar, Yaser Ahmad / Bashir, Farzana / Wani, Prince Muzafer / Bhat, Arif Hamid / Wani, Mohammad Saleem

International urogynecology journal

2021 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 697–702

Abstract: ... of symptoms, no change or reversal in Q: Results: Success rate of our surgical intervention was > 90 ...

Abstract	Introduction and hypothesis: Female urethral stricture is a poorly studied disease entity. To date, its management has been poorly evaluated, with small numbers and various definitions of success. Treatment options traditionally have been urethral dilatation and/or self-catheterization with success rates ranging from only 14 to 49%. However, there has been increasing use of urethroplasty due to the improved success rate (70 to 100%). In this study we assessed the outcome of dorsal buccal mucosal grafts in female urethral stricture disease. Materials and methods: In our study we prospectively analyzed 25 female patients treated from 2014 to 2019 at our institute; ages ranged from 26 to 66 years. Dorsal buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty was performed in all patients. The pathology of female urethral stricture disease is unknown, and neither the pre- nor the intraoperative assessment allows determining the precise location and extent or the severity of urethral damage; therefore, we advocate extensive grafting of the entire urethra. Patients were followed every 3 months during the 1st year and then biannually with lower urinary tract symptom, uroflowmetry and post-void residual urine assessments. Stricture recurrence (failure) was defined as recurrence of symptoms, no change or reversal in Q Results: Success rate of our surgical intervention was > 90%. We observed that the mid-urethra was the most common location of the stricture. Stricture location was confined to the distal urethra in 12%, the mid-urethra in 16%, spanned the distal mid-urethra in 16%, spanned the mid-proximal urethra in 40% and spanned the pan-urethra in 16%. Mean stricture length was 1.8 (0.7-2.1) cm. Mean pre- versus postoperative Qmax was 5 ml/s versus 23.3 ml/s and mean residual urine was 178 ml versus 18.5 ml. Two patients had stricture recurrence at 3 months post-intervention. Conclusion: Dorsal buccal mucosal graft currently represents a prime choice for female urethral stricture reconstruction, keeping in view the advantages of the procedure such as easy availability of the graft and fewer donor site comorbidities. We emphasize upfront urethroplasty and extensive urethral grafting.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Constriction, Pathologic/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa/transplantation ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethra/pathology ; Urethra/surgery ; Urethral Stricture/surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/adverse effects ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1050631-7
ISSN	1433-3023 ; 0937-3462
ISSN (online)	1433-3023
ISSN	0937-3462
DOI	10.1007/s00192-021-04840-9
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Article ; Online: Pheromones Modulate Learning by Regulating the Balanced Signals of Two Insulin-like Peptides.

Wu, Taihong / Duan, Fengyun / Yang, Wenxing / Liu, He / Caballero, Antonio / Fernandes de Abreu, Diana Andrea / Dar, Abdul Rouf / Alcedo, Joy / Ch'ng, QueeLim / Butcher, Rebecca A / Zhang, Yun

Neuron

2019 Volume 104, Issue 6, Page(s) 1095–1109.e5

Abstract: Social environment modulates learning through unknown mechanisms. Here, we report that a pheromone mixture that signals overcrowding inhibits C. elegans from learning to avoid pathogenic bacteria. We find that learning depends on the balanced signaling ... ...

Abstract	Social environment modulates learning through unknown mechanisms. Here, we report that a pheromone mixture that signals overcrowding inhibits C. elegans from learning to avoid pathogenic bacteria. We find that learning depends on the balanced signaling of two insulin-like peptides (ILPs), INS-16 and INS-4, which act respectively in the pheromone-sensing neuron ADL and the bacteria-sensing neuron AWA. Pheromone exposure inhibits learning by disrupting this balance: it activates ADL and increases expression of ins-16, and this cellular effect reduces AWA activity and AWA-expressed ins-4. The activities of the sensory neurons are required for learning and the expression of the ILPs. Interestingly, pheromones also promote the ingestion of pathogenic bacteria while increasing resistance to the pathogen. Thus, the balance of the ILP signals integrates social information into the learning process as part of a coordinated adaptive response that allows consumption of harmful food during times of high population density.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Insulins/metabolism ; Learning/physiology ; Pheromones/metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; Signal Transduction/physiology
Chemical Substances	Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Insulins ; Pheromones
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	808167-0
ISSN	1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
ISSN (online)	1097-4199
ISSN	0896-6273
DOI	10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.006
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Article ; Online: Organic electrochemical neurons and synapses with ion mediated spiking

Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh / Chi-Yuan Yang / Deyu Tu / Jennifer Y. Gerasimov / Abdul Manan Dar / Adam Armada-Moreira / Matteo Massetti / Renee Kroon / David Bliman / Roger Olsson / Eleni Stavrinidou / Magnus Berggren / Simone Fabiano

Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: The integration of artificial neuromorphic devices with biological systems plays a fundamental role for future brain-machine interfaces, prosthetics, and intelligent soft robotics. Harikesh et al. demonstrate all-printed organic electrochemical neurons ... ...

Abstract	The integration of artificial neuromorphic devices with biological systems plays a fundamental role for future brain-machine interfaces, prosthetics, and intelligent soft robotics. Harikesh et al. demonstrate all-printed organic electrochemical neurons on Venus flytrap that is controlled to open and close.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Flexible Organic Electronic Ion Pump for Flow‐Free Phytohormone Delivery into Vasculature of Intact Plants

Iwona Bernacka‐Wojcik / Loïc Talide / Ilaria Abdel Aziz / Jan Simura / Vasileios K. Oikonomou / Stefano Rossi / Mohsen Mohammadi / Abdul Manan Dar / Maria Seitanidou / Magnus Berggren / Daniel T. Simon / Klas Tybrandt / Magnus P. Jonsson / Karin Ljung / Totte Niittylä / Eleni Stavrinidou

Advanced Science, Vol 10, Iss 14, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

2023

Abstract: Abstract Plant vasculature transports molecules that play a crucial role in plant signaling including systemic responses and acclimation to diverse environmental conditions. Targeted controlled delivery of molecules to the vascular tissue can be a ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Plant vasculature transports molecules that play a crucial role in plant signaling including systemic responses and acclimation to diverse environmental conditions. Targeted controlled delivery of molecules to the vascular tissue can be a biomimetic way to induce long distance responses, providing a new tool for the fundamental studies and engineering of stress‐tolerant plants. Here, a flexible organic electronic ion pump, an electrophoretic delivery device, for controlled delivery of phytohormones directly in plant vascular tissue is developed. The c‐OEIP is based on polyimide‐coated glass capillaries that significantly enhance the mechanical robustness of these microscale devices while being minimally disruptive for the plant. The polyelectrolyte channel is based on low‐cost and commercially available precursors that can be photocured with blue light, establishing much cheaper and safer system than the state‐of‐the‐art. To trigger OEIP‐induced plant response, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in the petiole of intact Arabidopsis plants is delivered. ABA is one of the main phytohormones involved in plant stress responses and induces stomata closure under drought conditions to reduce water loss and prevent wilting. The OEIP‐mediated ABA delivery triggered fast and long‐lasting stomata closure far away from the delivery point demonstrating systemic vascular transport of the delivered ABA, verified delivering deuterium‐labeled ABA.
Keywords	bioelectronic devices ; drug delivery ; polyelectrolytes ; photo‐crosslinking ; plants vasculature ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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