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Article: Monitoring the Use of Human Milk, the Ideal Food for Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants-A Narrative Review.

Quitadamo, Pasqua Anna / Zambianco, Federica / Palumbo, Giuseppina / Wagner, Xavier / Gentile, Maria Assunta / Mondelli, Antonio

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 13, Issue 5

Abstract: Aware of the utmost importance of feeding premature babies-especially those of lower weight-with human milk, as well as the need to monitor this important element of neonatal care, we focused on four aspects in this review. First of all, we reviewed the ... ...

Abstract	Aware of the utmost importance of feeding premature babies-especially those of lower weight-with human milk, as well as the need to monitor this important element of neonatal care, we focused on four aspects in this review. First of all, we reviewed the beneficial effects of feeding premature infants with breast milk in the short and long term. Secondly, we performed a quantitative evaluation of the rates of breastfeeding and feeding with human milk in Very-Low-Birth-Weight infants (VLBWs) during hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and at discharge. Our aim was to take a snapshot of the current status of human milk-feeding care and track its trends over time. Then we analyzed, on the one hand, factors that have been proven to facilitate the use of maternal milk and, on the other hand, the risk factors of not feeding with breast milk. We also considered the spread of human milk banking so as to assess the availability of donated milk for the most vulnerable category of premature babies. Finally, we proposed a protocol designed as a tool for the systematic monitoring of actions that could be planned and implemented in NICUs in order to achieve the goal of feeding even more VLBWs with human milk.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods13050649
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Article ; Online: Correspondence

Pasqua Anna Quitadamo

Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp e100131-e

the donation of human milk during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 Volume 100131

Abstract: Dear Editor, In previous epidemics, it has been shown that the use of breast milk represents one of the first crucial measures to be taken in emergencies. On the occasion of the World Day for the Donation of Human Milk, which was celebrated on May 22, ... ...

Abstract	Dear Editor, In previous epidemics, it has been shown that the use of breast milk represents one of the first crucial measures to be taken in emergencies. On the occasion of the World Day for the Donation of Human Milk, which was celebrated on May 22, the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN) reaffirmed the importance of Human Milk Banks (HMBs), reassuring mothers about the safety of donation at HMBs, also in this pandemic period. In the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy, we found that the restrictive measures did not represent a reason to limit breastfeeding nor donation. We have been close to nursing and donating mothers, providing constant support from the HMB and NICU staff, with practical advice and psychological closeness. In particular, in the February-May period, the crucial one of the pandemic, 15 donors donated 91.25 liters. In comparison with the average of previous years of donation data to the HMB, the balance is even in favor of the current year. In fact, in 2019, in the same period, 12 mothers were recruited and 58.7 liters were collected and, in 2018, the donor women were 10 but they donated 119.5 liters. As manager of the HMB, I found it useful to report the experience of our HMB and our NICU on this specific aspect, and I hope that other HMBs can do the same. I believe that these testimonies can represent an element of hope, encouragement and reflection. Solidarity did not end with the lockdown.
Keywords	human milk ; milk bank ; italy ; covid-19 ; donation ; preterms ; Medicine ; R ; Pediatrics ; RJ1-570
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hygeia Press di Corridori Marinella
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trend and Predictors of Breastmilk Feeding among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in NICU and at Discharge.

Quitadamo, Pasqua Anna / Zambianco, Federica / Palumbo, Giuseppina / Copetti, Massimiliano / Gentile, Maria Assunta / Mondelli, Antonio

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 15

Abstract: Mothers' own milk (MOM) for premature babies is considered a life-saving drug for its proven protective action against the complications of prematurity and for effects on outcome in the short and long term, especially neurological ones. We studied the ... ...

Abstract	Mothers' own milk (MOM) for premature babies is considered a life-saving drug for its proven protective action against the complications of prematurity and for effects on outcome in the short and long term, especially neurological ones. We studied the use of MOM for infants weighing <1500 g for a period of 5 years, evaluating the trend over time and the impact of some variables on human milk feeding performance. Statistical comparisons concerned the rate of feeding with breast milk during a stay in an NICU and at discharge with respect to two types of variables: (1) maternal and neonatal characteristics (gestational age, birth weight, type of pregnancy (whether single or twin), maternal age) and (2) feeding characteristics (time of the start of minimal enteral feeding and availability of MOM, days until the achievement of full enteral feeding). Group comparisons were performed using ANOVA or
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Milk, Human ; Breast Feeding/methods ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Patient Discharge ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Mothers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15153314
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Article ; Online: Anti-Infective, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Breast Milk Factors for the Protection of Infants in the Pandemic From COVID-19.

Quitadamo, Pasqua Anna / Comegna, Laura / Cristalli, Pierpaolo

Frontiers in public health

2021 Volume 8, Page(s) 589736

Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic since the end of 2019 spreads worldwide, counting millions of victims. The viral invasion, systemic inflammation, and consequent organ failure are the gravest features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they are associated with ...

Abstract	COVID-19 pandemic since the end of 2019 spreads worldwide, counting millions of victims. The viral invasion, systemic inflammation, and consequent organ failure are the gravest features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they are associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of breast milk in the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects due to its bioactive components, so numerous and important for the protection of infants. The study tried to demonstrate that all the components of human milk are capable of performing functions on all the pathogenic events recognized and described in COVID-19 disease. Those human milk factors are well-tolerated and practically free of side effects, so breast milk should become a research topic to discover therapies even in this epidemic. In the first part, the mechanisms of protection and defense of the breast milk elements will be delineated; in the second section, it will describe the human milk effects in viral infections and it will be hypothesized how the known mechanisms could act in COVID infection.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-Infective Agents/analysis ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/analysis ; Antiviral Agents/analysis ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/analysis ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; Milk, Human/virology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; Immunologic Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2020.589736
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Article ; Online: Anti-Infective, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Breast Milk Factors for the Protection of Infants in the Pandemic From COVID-19

Pasqua Anna Quitadamo / Laura Comegna / Pierpaolo Cristalli

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2021 Volume 8

Abstract	COVID-19 pandemic since the end of 2019 spreads worldwide, counting millions of victims. The viral invasion, systemic inflammation, and consequent organ failure are the gravest features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they are associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of breast milk in the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects due to its bioactive components, so numerous and important for the protection of infants. The study tried to demonstrate that all the components of human milk are capable of performing functions on all the pathogenic events recognized and described in COVID-19 disease. Those human milk factors are well-tolerated and practically free of side effects, so breast milk should become a research topic to discover therapies even in this epidemic. In the first part, the mechanisms of protection and defense of the breast milk elements will be delineated; in the second section, it will describe the human milk effects in viral infections and it will be hypothesized how the known mechanisms could act in COVID infection.
Keywords	antiviral activity ; functions human milk factors ; COVID 19 ; clinical application of human milk factors ; human milk research ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Revolution of Breast Milk: The Multiple Role of Human Milk Banking between Evidence and Experience-A Narrative Review.

Quitadamo, Pasqua Anna / Palumbo, Giuseppina / Cianti, Liliana / Lurdo, Paola / Gentile, Maria Assunta / Villani, Antonio

International journal of pediatrics

2021 Volume 2021, Page(s) 6682516

Abstract: The review recalls the importance of breast milk and deepens the theme of human milk banking, a virtuous reality that is expanding all over the world but is still little known. In the last 15 years, modern biological technologies have crystallized the ... ...

Abstract	The review recalls the importance of breast milk and deepens the theme of human milk banking, a virtuous reality that is expanding all over the world but is still little known. In the last 15 years, modern biological technologies have crystallized the concept of uniqueness and irreproducibility of human milk, by establishing three new principles: first: human milk: a "life-saving" drug; second: human milk: the best food for preterm infants; and third: human milk: the main component of premature infant care. Our experience teaches us that human milk banking plays many roles that need to be known and shared.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2495026-9
ISSN	1687-9759 ; 1687-9740
ISSN (online)	1687-9759
ISSN	1687-9740
DOI	10.1155/2021/6682516
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Article: Feeding Twins with Human Milk and Factors Associated with Its Duration: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study in Southern Italy

Quitadamo, Pasqua Anna / Comegna, Laura / Palumbo, Giuseppina / Copetti, Massimiliano / Lurdo, Paola / Zambianco, Federica / Gentile, Maria Assunta / Villani, Antonio

Nutrients. 2021 Sept. 03, v. 13, no. 9

2021

Abstract: Background: Over the past year, there has been a rise in twin births. The current scientific consensus recommended breast-feed milk for all newborns for at least 6 months. They stated that it is possible to meet the nutritional needs of two or more ... ...

Abstract	Background: Over the past year, there has been a rise in twin births. The current scientific consensus recommended breast-feed milk for all newborns for at least 6 months. They stated that it is possible to meet the nutritional needs of two or more newborns with only one mother’s milk. More information would be desirable about the factors that influence or lead to the initiation and interruption of breastfeeding. The quality of the evidence available from multiple studies has been inconclusive and therefore led to controversial interpretations and practices. Aims: The first aim of this study was to analyze the extent of the feeding of multiples with breast milk in the experience of our clinical unit in terms of incidence and duration. The second objective was to evaluate the correlation between maternal, perinatal and neonatal variables with breast milk feeding rates and duration. Methods: The study was conducted between 2015 and 2020, in a NICU in Southern Italy (San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia). Sixty-one women who have given birth to multiples were enrolled into the study. Newborn data were retrospectively collected by informatic database and breastfeeding information were collected by a questionnaire. Results: In our centre, the percentage of twins out of the total number of births over the years has almost doubled from 1.28% in 2015 to 2.48% in 2020 and the 88% of twins are premature. 18.1% received breast milk for more than 6 months and 6.3% received it for more than 12 months. Infants of lower gestational age and weight, born to multiparous, more mature and medium-high schooling mothers received breast milk for a longer period. 35% of women explained that the interruption of breastfeeding was due to the insufficient milk production and 41% to the stress and difficulties in managing the twins. Qualitative analysis of maternal narrative revealed, for many of them, the awareness of the importance of breastfeeding and the efforts made to try to give breast milk, but also fears about the quantity of milk and satiety of their children. Conclusions: It is important to identify the factors both favoring and obstructing maternal milk feeding of multiples and it would be desirable the activation of a network of training and support for mothers after discharge, with particular regard to the categories found to be less inclined.
Keywords	breast feeding ; breast milk ; databases ; gestational age ; milk ; milk production ; neonates ; qualitative analysis ; questionnaires ; satiety ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0903
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13093099
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Feeding Twins with Human Milk and Factors Associated with Its Duration: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study in Southern Italy.

Quitadamo, Pasqua Anna / Comegna, Laura / Palumbo, Giuseppina / Copetti, Massimiliano / Lurdo, Paola / Zambianco, Federica / Gentile, Maria Assunta / Villani, Antonio

Nutrients

2021 Volume 13, Issue 9

Abstract	Background: Over the past year, there has been a rise in twin births. The current scientific consensus recommended breast-feed milk for all newborns for at least 6 months. They stated that it is possible to meet the nutritional needs of two or more newborns with only one mother's milk. More information would be desirable about the factors that influence or lead to the initiation and interruption of breastfeeding. The quality of the evidence available from multiple studies has been inconclusive and therefore led to controversial interpretations and practices. Aims: The first aim of this study was to analyze the extent of the feeding of multiples with breast milk in the experience of our clinical unit in terms of incidence and duration. The second objective was to evaluate the correlation between maternal, perinatal and neonatal variables with breast milk feeding rates and duration. Methods: The study was conducted between 2015 and 2020, in a NICU in Southern Italy (San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia). Sixty-one women who have given birth to multiples were enrolled into the study. Newborn data were retrospectively collected by informatic database and breastfeeding information were collected by a questionnaire. Results: In our centre, the percentage of twins out of the total number of births over the years has almost doubled from 1.28% in 2015 to 2.48% in 2020 and the 88% of twins are premature. 18.1% received breast milk for more than 6 months and 6.3% received it for more than 12 months. Infants of lower gestational age and weight, born to multiparous, more mature and medium-high schooling mothers received breast milk for a longer period. 35% of women explained that the interruption of breastfeeding was due to the insufficient milk production and 41% to the stress and difficulties in managing the twins. Qualitative analysis of maternal narrative revealed, for many of them, the awareness of the importance of breastfeeding and the efforts made to try to give breast milk, but also fears about the quantity of milk and satiety of their children. Conclusions: It is important to identify the factors both favoring and obstructing maternal milk feeding of multiples and it would be desirable the activation of a network of training and support for mothers after discharge, with particular regard to the categories found to be less inclined.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food/statistics & numerical data ; Infant, Newborn ; Italy ; Lactation ; Maternal Age ; Middle Aged ; Parity ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Twins/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13093099
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Article: Analytical Study of Donor's Milk Bank Macronutrients by Infrared Spectroscopy. Correlations With Clinic-Metabolic Profile of 100 Donors.

Sbrizzi, Stefania / Quitadamo, Pasqua Anna / Ravidà, Domenico / Palumbo, Giuseppina / Cristalli, Pier Paolo / Pettoello-Mantovani, Massimo

Frontiers in public health

2019 Volume 7, Page(s) 234

Abstract: For its specific qualitative characteristics human donor milk (DM) is the main alternative to preterm infants nutrition and growing. How several studies suggest child's physical and mental development is influenced by breastfeeding that prevents the ... ...

Abstract	For its specific qualitative characteristics human donor milk (DM) is the main alternative to preterm infants nutrition and growing. How several studies suggest child's physical and mental development is influenced by breastfeeding that prevents the necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and sepsis common in preterm newborns. Our research was conducted in NICU's Human Milk Bank (HMB) "Allattiamolavita." Our study was based on macronutrients analysis (MA) of 100 DM samples taken until 10 days since childbirth and analyzed by spectroscopic infrared innovative method (MIRIS). This is a specific method to analyse fat (F), crude proteins (CP), true proteins (TP), carbohydrate (CHO), and total solids (TS). We also analyzed the 100 donors' clinic-metabolic profile by blood tests (PMT). Both data was collected between September 2015 and February 2018. The research was structured in two parts. In the first part we compared PMT with qualitative and quantitative characteristics of MA while in the second one we studied every DM macronutrient finding furthermore possible relations between them. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-IBM 24) was used to compare data and reporting coefficient of determination using Spearman's Rho and Kendall's Tau. We also analyzed samples using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2019.00234
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Article ; Online: Effect of Holder pasteurization on macronutrients and energy content of pooled donor human milk

Pasqua Anna Quitadamo / Leonilde Sorrentino / Giuseppina Palumbo / Liliana Cianti / Massimiliano Copetti / Maria Assunta Gentile / Pierpaolo Cristalli / Massimo Pettoello Mantovani

Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 2, Pp e100202-e

2021 Volume 100202

Abstract: Background: Donor human milk (DHM) is the best option for preterm nutrition when mother’s milk is unavailable. For its proven benefits on the life and health of premature babies, DHM should be part of the essential newborn care. The fortification of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Donor human milk (DHM) is the best option for preterm nutrition when mother’s milk is unavailable. For its proven benefits on the life and health of premature babies, DHM should be part of the essential newborn care. The fortification of human milk is necessary to ensure adequate growth and consequent good neurodevelopment. Holder pasteurization is routinely practiced in human milk banks (HMBs) to ensure safety of DHM but can impact the macronutrient content. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Holder pasteurization on fat, protein, lactose and energy content of DHM and compare our data with the literature. Methods: Protein, lactose, fats and energy of 100 DHM pools from 87 women were analyzed before and after Holder pasteurization using Miris HMA™ (Human Milk Analyzer, Miris AB, Uppsala, Sweden), with the infrared spectroscopic method. The mean macronutrient contents before and after Holder pasteurization were compared using paired t-tests, and the variations in the concentration of the components were calculated as Delta%. The data obtained were compared to other studies with the same purpose. Results: We observed a reduction in fat (3.12 ± 1.64 vs 2.55 ± 0.85, with Delta% -14.9 ± 13.0 and p-value < 0.0001), T protein (1.05 ± 0.26 vs 0.89 ± 0.20, with Delta% -8.9 ± 63.0 and p-value < 0.0001), energy content (61.38 ± 18.66 vs 55.00 ± 8.27, with Delta% -8.1 ± 9.4 and p-value 0.0001), while no significant changes were observed for lactose content (6.35 ± 0.80 vs 6.43 ± 0.58, with Delta% 6.5 ± 56.7 and p-value 0.3735). Data in the literature on the effect of Holder pasteurization on DHM macronutrients are variable, and the only constant element is the non-variation of the carbohydrate content. Conclusion: Holder pasteurization decreased protein, fat and energy content of DHM. The lactose content has not been affected after the Holder pasteurization. After having assessed a remarkable variation in the macronutrient content in comparison with other studies, the adjustable ...
Keywords	donor human milk ; human milk pasteurization ; macronutrient content ; Medicine ; R ; Pediatrics ; RJ1-570
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hygeia Press di Corridori Marinella
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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