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  1. Article ; Online: In-Vitro Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance of

    Raya, Sunayana / Belbase, Ankit / Dhakal, Laxmi / Govinda Prajapati, Krishna / Baidya, Reena / Kishor Bimali, Nabin

    BioMed research international

    2019  Volume 2019, Page(s) 1474578

    Abstract: Background: Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infection compared to nondiabetic patients, : Method: Total of 1,099 clean-catch mid stream urine (CCMSU) was processed by standard microbiological technique; 182 were from the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infection compared to nondiabetic patients,
    Method: Total of 1,099 clean-catch mid stream urine (CCMSU) was processed by standard microbiological technique; 182 were from the diabetic group and 917 nondiabetic. Following identification, all isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. In-vitro biofilm forming capacity of the isolates were detected by Microtitre plate method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software 16.
    Result: Urinary tract infection was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients (42.9%) compared to nondiabetic patients (17.4%) with
    Conclusion: Elderly populations with diabetes are at a higher risk of UTI. Higher biofilm production and resistance to in-use antimicrobial agents in this study render its inefficacy for empirical treatment and point out the importance of biofilm screening to ensure the effective management of infection.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amikacin/therapeutic use ; Amoxicillin/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus/microbiology ; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli/pathogenicity ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Amoxicillin (804826J2HU) ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination (8064-90-2) ; Amikacin (84319SGC3C)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2698540-8
    ISSN 2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
    ISSN (online) 2314-6141
    ISSN 2314-6133
    DOI 10.1155/2019/1474578
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: In-Vitro Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

    Sunayana Raya / Ankit Belbase / Laxmi Dhakal / Krishna Govinda Prajapati / Reena Baidya / Nabin kishor Bimali

    BioMed Research International, Vol

    2019  Volume 2019

    Abstract: Background. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infection compared to nondiabetic patients, Escherichia coli being the most common uropathogen causing UTI. Unreasonable and incorrect antibiotic prescription for UTI in these patients ... ...

    Abstract Background. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infection compared to nondiabetic patients, Escherichia coli being the most common uropathogen causing UTI. Unreasonable and incorrect antibiotic prescription for UTI in these patients may induce the development of antibiotic-resistant urinary pathogens resulting in delayed recovery and longer hospitalization. In addition to these, biofilm forming capacity of the pathogen may worsen the problem. The main aim of this cross-sectional study (conducted from March to September 2015) is to detect the biofilm forming capacity of UTI causing micro-organisms and compare the antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli, the most common cause of UTI, which will help the physician in choosing the best antibiotic. Method. Total of 1,099 clean-catch mid stream urine (CCMSU) was processed by standard microbiological technique; 182 were from the diabetic group and 917 nondiabetic. Following identification, all isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. In-vitro biofilm forming capacity of the isolates were detected by Microtitre plate method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software 16. Result. Urinary tract infection was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients (42.9%) compared to nondiabetic patients (17.4%) with Escherichia coli as the most common uropathogen in both diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Similarly, UTI was more common in elderly population (29.5%). Imipenem, nitrofurantoin and amikacin were found to be the most effective drug for uropathogenic E. coli in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, whereas amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole were least effective. Of the total bacterial isolates, 43.3% showed positive results for in-vitro biofilm production by the Microtitre plate method. A significantly higher resistance rate was observed among biofilm producing E. coli for quinolones, cotrimoxazole, and third generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone. Most of ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Erratum to: Antibiotic resistance and biofilm production among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.

    Belbase, Ankit / Pant, Narayan Dutt / Nepal, Krishus / Neupane, Bibhusan / Baidhya, Rikesh / Baidya, Reena / Lekhak, Binod

    Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials

    2017  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 30

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2097873-X
    ISSN 1476-0711 ; 1476-0711
    ISSN (online) 1476-0711
    ISSN 1476-0711
    DOI 10.1186/s12941-017-0205-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Antibiotic resistance and biofilm production among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pus/wound swab samples in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.

    Belbase, Ankit / Pant, Narayan Dutt / Nepal, Krishus / Neupane, Bibhusan / Baidhya, Rikesh / Baidya, Reena / Lekhak, Binod

    Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials

    2017  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 15

    Abstract: Background: The increasing drug resistance along with inducible clindamycin resistance, methicillin resistance and biofilm production among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus are present as the serious problems to the successful treatment of the ... ...

    Abstract Background: The increasing drug resistance along with inducible clindamycin resistance, methicillin resistance and biofilm production among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus are present as the serious problems to the successful treatment of the infections caused by S. aureus. So, the main objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns along with the rates of inducible clindamycin resistance, methicillin resistance and biofilm production among the strains of S. aureus isolated from pus/wound swab samples.
    Methods: A total of 830 non-repeated pus/wound swab samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques. The colonies grown were identified on the basis of colony morphology, Gram's stain and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Detection of inducible clindamycin resistance was performed by D test, while detection of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was performed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of oxacillin by agar dilution method. Similarly, detection of biofilm formation was performed by microtiter plate method. Strains showing resistance to three or more than three different classes of antibiotics were considered multidrug resistant.
    Results: Total 76 samples showed the growth of S. aureus, among which 36 (47.4%) contained MRSA and 17 (22.4%) samples were found to have S. aureus showing inducible clindamycin resistance. Among the S. aureus isolated from outpatients, 41.9% were MRSA. Highest rates of susceptibility of S. aureus were seen toward linezolid (100%) and vancomycin (100%). Similarly, S. aureus isolated from 35 (46.1%) samples were found to be biofilm producers. Higher rate of inducible clindamycin resistance was seen among MRSA in comparison to methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Similarly, higher rates of multidrug resistance and methicillin resistance were found among biofilm producing strains in comparison to biofilm non producing strains.
    Conclusions: The rate of isolation of MRSA from community acquired infections was found to be high in Nepal. Increased rate of inducible clindamycin resistance as compared to previous studies in Nepal was noted. So for the proper management of the infections caused by S. aureus, D test for the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance should be included in the routine laboratory diagnosis. Further, detection of biofilm production should also be included in the routine tests. Linezolid and vancomycin can be used for the preliminary treatment of the serious infections caused by S. aureus.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteriological Techniques ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus aureus/physiology ; Suppuration/microbiology ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Wound Infection/epidemiology ; Wound Infection/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2097873-X
    ISSN 1476-0711 ; 1476-0711
    ISSN (online) 1476-0711
    ISSN 1476-0711
    DOI 10.1186/s12941-017-0194-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo beta-lactamase production among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.

    Nepal, Krishus / Pant, Narayan Dutt / Neupane, Bibhusan / Belbase, Ankit / Baidhya, Rikesh / Shrestha, Ram Krishna / Lekhak, Binod / Bhatta, Dwij Raj / Jha, Bharat

    Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials

    2017  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 62

    Abstract: Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) production in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the commonest modes of drug resistance among these commonly isolated bacteria from clinical specimens. So ... ...

    Abstract Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) production in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the commonest modes of drug resistance among these commonly isolated bacteria from clinical specimens. So the main purpose of our study was to determine the burden of ESBL and MBL production in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples. Further, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were also determined.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Om Hospital and Research Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal by using the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from different clinical samples (urine, pus, body fluids, sputum, blood) from May 2015 to December 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase production was detected by combined disc method using ceftazidime and ceftazidime/clavulanic acid discs and cefotaxime and cefotaxime/clavulanic acid discs. Similarly, metallo beta-lactamase production was detected by combined disc assay using imipenem and imipenem/ethylenediaminetetracetate discs. Bacteria showing resistance to at least three different classes of antibiotics were considered multidrug resistant (MDR).
    Results: Of total 1568 different clinical samples processed, 268 (17.1%) samples were culture positive. Among which, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were isolated from 138 (51.5%) and 39 (14.6%) samples respectively. Of the total isolates 61 (34.5%) were ESBL producers and 7 (4%) isolates were found to be MBL producers. High rates of ESBL production (35.9%) was noted among the clinical isolates from outpatients, however no MBL producing strains were isolated from outpatients. Among 138 E. coli and 39 K. pneumoniae, 73 (52.9%) E. coli and 23 (59%) K. pneumoniae were multidrug resistant. The lowest rates of resistance was seen toward imipenem followed by piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam.
    Conclusions: High rate of ESBL production was found in the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from outpatients suggesting the dissemination of ESBL producing isolates in community. This is very serious issue and can't be neglected. Regular monitoring of rates of ESBL and MBL production along with multidrug resistance among clinical isolates is very necessary.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2097873-X
    ISSN 1476-0711 ; 1476-0711
    ISSN (online) 1476-0711
    ISSN 1476-0711
    DOI 10.1186/s12941-017-0236-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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