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Article: Prevalence and Molecular Evaluation of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Multi-transfused Thalassemia Patients in South of Iran.

Farshadpour, Fatemeh / Taherkhani, Reza

2022 Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) e427

Abstract: Objectives: Information regarding the magnitude of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among thalassemia patients is of great importance for health care providers to assess blood safety and improve the quality of screening systems. Therefore, this study ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Information regarding the magnitude of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among thalassemia patients is of great importance for health care providers to assess blood safety and improve the quality of screening systems. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and genotypic pattern of HCV infection among β-thalassemia patients in South Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019. All patients with β-thalassemia major from Borazjan, Bushehr, Delvar, Kangan, and Ahram cities participated in the study and attended the transfusion center of the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences located in southern Iran. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The seropositive serum samples were tested for detection of HCV viremia and genotypes by semi-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Results: Of 125 thalassemia patients, 22 (17.6%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies and two (1.6%) had HCV viremia with genotype 3a. HCV seroprevalence increased with age, so anti-HCV seropositive thalassemia patients had significantly higher mean age than anti-HCV seronegative patients. HCV seroprevalence was higher among female patients, residents of Kangan, patients with blood transfusion every two weeks, Fars patients, and thalassemia patients with alanine aminotransferase levels of < 20 IU/L and aspartate aminotransferase levels of > 80 IU/L. Nevertheless, anti-HCV seroprevalence among thalassemia patients was not statistically associated with these variables. Conclusions: These results indicate ongoing HCV incidence among the thalassemia population in this region. Transfusion of HCV-seronegative viremic blood units donated during the infectious window period contributes to HCV infection in thalassemia patients. These findings highlight the need to include sensitive molecular assays in the screening process of donated blood for HCV infection in Iran.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-30
Publishing country	Oman
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2571431-4
ISSN	2070-5204 ; 1999-768X
ISSN (online)	2070-5204
ISSN	1999-768X
DOI	10.5001/omj.2022.85
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Article: BK and JC polyomaviruses and risk of urothelial bladder carcinoma: a preliminary study in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran.

Taherkhani, Reza / Farshadpour, Fatemeh

Infectious agents and cancer

2022 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 50

Abstract: Background: Bladder cancer is a challenging public health concern in South of Iran because of its high prevalence and the related medical expenses. Although the exact etiology of bladder cancer remains unknown, given the cell transforming ability and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Bladder cancer is a challenging public health concern in South of Iran because of its high prevalence and the related medical expenses. Although the exact etiology of bladder cancer remains unknown, given the cell transforming ability and oncogenic potential of the members of Polyomaviridae families, this study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCPyV) among patients with bladder cancer residents in the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, South of Iran. Methods: Totally 211 patients with bladder cancer were enrolled in this study. Bladder biopsy samples of these patients and patients with interstitial cystitis as well as autoptic samples of healthy bladder were tested for detection of BKPyV and JCPyV by semi-nested PCR-RFLP followed by sequencing. Results: BKPyV and JCPyV were detected in 1.7% and 6.1% of bladder cancer samples, respectively. These samples were infected with JCPyV genotypes 2, 3 and 6 and BKPyV genotypes I and IV. BKPyV and JCPyV coinfection was detected in 2 samples. Moreover, one of the healthy bladder samples was positive for BKPyV, and one of the interstitial cystitis samples was positive for JCPyV. Although the majority of infected patients were in the age group 70-79 years, male, residents in Tangestan, stage Ta-T1, and low-grade and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, the prevalence of BKPyV and JCPyV among patients with bladder cancer was not statistically associated with age, gender, place of residency, and stage and grade of the tumor. Conclusion: Despite identifying BKPyV and JCPyV in a number of bladder cancer biopsy specimens and the high prevalence of bladder cancer among people resident in South of Iran, it is suggested that these viruses are unlikely to be effective causative factors in bladder carcinogenesis in this region. Therefore, environmental risk factors and genetic backgrounds may have a more prominent role than human polyomaviruses in the development of bladder cancer in South of Iran.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2251117-9
ISSN	1750-9378
ISSN	1750-9378
DOI	10.1186/s13027-022-00463-x
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Article ; Online: Prevalence, genotype distribution and mutations of hepatitis B virus and the associated risk factors among pregnant women residing in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran.

Taherkhani, Reza / Farshadpour, Fatemeh

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) e0265063

Abstract: Background: Considering perinatal transmission and the high rate of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in infants, diagnosis of HBV infection during pregnancy and timely interventions are of great importance. Therefore, this study was performed ... ...

Abstract	Background: Considering perinatal transmission and the high rate of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in infants, diagnosis of HBV infection during pregnancy and timely interventions are of great importance. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HBV infection and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, South of Iran. Methods: Serum samples of 1425 pregnant women were tested for the presence of HBsAg and HBcAb by ELISA (HBsAg one-Version ULTRA and HBc Ab ELISA kits, DIA.PRO, Milan, Italy). The seropositive samples were tested for the presence of HBV DNA by nested PCR, targeting S, X, pre-core (pre-C), and basal core promoter (BCP) regions of the HBV genome. The amplified fragments were sequenced by Sanger dideoxy sequencing technology to evaluate the genotype distribution and mutations of HBV infection by using the MEGA 7 software. The HBV seropositive pregnant women were tested for HCV and HIV coinfections by ELISA (HCV Ab and HIV Ab/Ag ELISA kits, DIA.PRO, Milan, Italy). Results: Of 1425 participants, 15 pregnant women (1.05%, 95% CI: 0.64%-1.73%) were positive for HBsAg, 41 women (2.88%, 95% CI: 2.10%-3.88%) were positive for HBcAb, and 5 women (0.35%, 95% CI: 0.15% -0.82%) had HBV viremia with genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. One of the viremic samples was positive for HBcAb but negative for HBsAg, which is indicative of an occult HBV infection. HBsAg seroprevalence was higher among pregnant women aged 20 to 29 years, women in the third trimester of pregnancy, residents of Khormuj city, Afghan immigrants, illiterate women, and pregnant women with a history of tattoo and HBV vaccination. The highest rate of HBcAb seroprevalence was observed in residents of Borazjan city, Turk ethnicity, the age group >39 years, and those women with more parities and a history of abortion. Nevertheless, HBV seroprevalence among pregnant women was not statistically associated with these variables. In contrast, HBcAb seropositivity was significantly associated with the history of tattoo (P = 0.018). According to mutations analyses, seven amino acid substitutions in the HBsAg, one point mutation in the pre-C region, and five points mutations in the BCP region were detected. Besides, the BCP mutations caused amino acid substitutions in the X protein. Of note, the conversion of Ala → Val at amino acid 168 (A168V) and Thr → Pro at amino acid 127 (T127P) were detected in HBsAg of the occult HBV strain. Conclusion: These results indicate a relatively low prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in the South of Iran, while tattooing is a risk factor for exposure to HBV infection. Moreover, all of the HBV-positive pregnant women were asymptomatic and unaware of their infection. Therefore, routine screening for HBV markers during pregnancy, appropriate treatment of HBV-infected women, and HBV vaccination are recommended to decrease mother-to-child transmission of HBV.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis C ; Humans ; Indian Ocean ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Iran/epidemiology ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Viremia
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0265063
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Article: Prevalence and Genotypes of Hepatitis C Infection Among Hemodialysis Patients in Bushehr, Iran.

Taherkhani, Reza / Farshadpour, Fatemeh / Asayesh, Reza

Oman medical journal

2023 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) e481

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the prevalence, genotype distribution, and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in Bushehr province in southern Iran.: Methods: All chronic hemodialysis patients ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To investigate the prevalence, genotype distribution, and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in Bushehr province in southern Iran. Methods: All chronic hemodialysis patients from the cities of Dashtestan, Genaveh, and Bushehr participated in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect anti-HCV antibodies. Molecular detection of HCV infection was performed by semi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, targeting 5' untranslated region and core region of the genome, and sequencing. Results: Of 279 hemodialysis patients, 15 (5.4%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies, and two (0.7%) patients had HCV viremia with genotype 3a. The hemodialysis patients had a significantly higher seroprevalence of HCV than the control group ( Conclusions: Considering the high seroprevalence of HCV in hemodialysis patients, regular screening of these patients for HCV infection and prompt treatment of those found infected are recommended.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	Oman
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2571431-4
ISSN	2070-5204 ; 1999-768X
ISSN (online)	2070-5204
ISSN	1999-768X
DOI	10.5001/omj.2023.60
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Article: Human papillomaviruses and bladder cancer risk: first report in south of Iran.

Farshadpour, Fatemeh / Taherkhani, Reza / Farzaneh, Mohammadreza

Virusdisease

2023 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 257–262

Abstract: Information regarding the possible carcinogenicity of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in bladder tissue might pave the way for the prevention of bladder cancer through improving HPV vaccination of the at-risk population. To address this, this study was ... ...

Abstract	Information regarding the possible carcinogenicity of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in bladder tissue might pave the way for the prevention of bladder cancer through improving HPV vaccination of the at-risk population. To address this, this study was conducted to detect HPVs in bladder cancer tissues in the South of Iran. Bladder biopsy samples of 181 patients with bladder cancer were included in this study. The detection of HPVs was performed by nested PCR assay, targeting the L1 region of the genome, and sequencing. HPV was detected in 0.55% of the bladder cancer samples, while the non-cancerous bladder samples were negative for HPV. HPV genotype 6 was detected in this study. The HPV-positive patient was a 55-year-old man with papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant in stage Ta-T1. This patient was resident of Dayer city. Overall, HPV prevalence among patients with bladder cancer was not statistically associated with place of residency, gender, age, stage, and grade of the tumor ( Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00819-w.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2846993-8
ISSN	2347-3517 ; 2347-3584
ISSN (online)	2347-3517
ISSN	2347-3584
DOI	10.1007/s13337-023-00819-w
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Article ; Online: Hepatitis B infection among β-thalassemia major patients in Bushehr province of southern Iran.

Farshadpour, Fatemeh / Taherkhani, Reza / Farajzadeh, Hossein

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry

2023 Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 147–161

Abstract: This study was performed to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among β-thalassemia patients. ELISA was used to detect HBsAg and HBcAb. Molecular evaluation of HBV infection was performed ... ...

Abstract	This study was performed to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among β-thalassemia patients. ELISA was used to detect HBsAg and HBcAb. Molecular evaluation of HBV infection was performed by nested PCR, targeting S, X and pre-C regions of the genome, and sequencing. Of 126 thalassemia patients, 4 cases (3.17%) were positive for HBsAg, 23 cases (18.25%) were positive for HBcAb, and 6 cases (4.76%) had HBV viremia with genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. HBV prevalence among thalassemia patients was not statistically associated with gender distribution, place of residency, marital status and frequency of blood transfusion. HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly higher in Afghan immigrants and patients with ALT levels of 41-80 IU/L. The prevalence of HBV viremia was significantly higher among thalassemia patients aged >20 years compared to the patients aged <20 years. Moreover, 1.59% of thalassemia patients had seropositive occult HBV infection, which was positive for HBV-DNA and HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. Considering the relatively high prevalence of occult HBV infection among thalassemia patients, there is a possibility of their contamination through donated blood. Therefore, screening of donated blood based on detection of HBsAg cannot abolish HBV transmission through blood transfusion.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; beta-Thalassemia ; Iran ; Viremia/complications ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Prevalence
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050610-7
ISSN	1532-4230 ; 1532-1819
ISSN (online)	1532-4230
ISSN	1532-1819
DOI	10.1080/15321819.2022.2163178
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Article ; Online: High Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Iranian Hemodialysis Patients.

Farshadpour, Fatemeh / Taherkhani, Reza / Shahabi, Athar

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2023 Volume 108, Issue 5, Page(s) 1017–1024

Abstract: Considering the potential risks associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, this study was designed to investigate the magnitude and genotypic pattern of occult HBV infection among hemodialysis patients. All patients on regular hemodialysis ...

Abstract	Considering the potential risks associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, this study was designed to investigate the magnitude and genotypic pattern of occult HBV infection among hemodialysis patients. All patients on regular hemodialysis attending the dialysis centers located in southern Iran and 277 nonhemodialysis controls were invited to participate in this study. Serum samples were tested for detection of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by competitive enzyme immunoassay and sandwich ELISA, respectively. The molecular evaluation of HBV infection was conducted by two nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, targeting S, X, and precore regions of HBV genome, and sequencing by Sanger dideoxy sequencing technology. Moreover, HBV viremic samples were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection by HCV Ab ELISA and seminested reverse transcriptase PCR. Of 279 hemodialysis patients, five (1.8%) were positive for HBsAg, 66 (23.7%) were positive for HBcAb, and 32 (11.5%) had HBV viremia with HBV genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. Moreover, 90.6% of the hemodialysis patients with HBV viremia had occult HBV infection. Hemodialysis patients (11.5%) had significantly higher prevalence of HBV viremia than nonhemodialysis controls (1.08%; P = 0.0001). The prevalence of HBV viremia among hemodialysis patients was not statistically associated with duration of hemodialysis, age and gender distribution. In contrast, HBV viremia was significantly associated with place of residency and ethnicity, with residents of Dashtestan and Arab having had significantly higher prevalence of HBV viremia compared with the residents of other cities and Fars patients. Notably, 27.6% and 6.9% of hemodialysis patients infected with occult HBV infection were also positive for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV viremia, respectively. High prevalence of occult HBV infection was detected in hemodialysis patients, whereas 62% of patients with occult HBV infection were negative for HBcAb. Therefore, screening of all hemodialysis patients by sensitive molecular tests, regardless of the pattern of HBV serological markers, is recommended to increase the diagnosis rate of HBV infection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Iran/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Viremia/diagnosis ; Prevalence ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Renal Dialysis ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Hepacivirus/genetics ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; DNA, Viral/analysis
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; DNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.22-0345
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Article ; Online: Molecular evaluation of hepatitis B virus infection and predominant mutations of pre-core, basal core promoter and S regions in an Iranian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Farshadpour, Fatemeh / Taherkhani, Reza / Saberi, Fatemeh

BMC infectious diseases

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 553

Abstract: Background: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, genotypic patterns, and predominant mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among diabetic patients.: Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 733 patients with type 2 diabetes ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, genotypic patterns, and predominant mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among diabetic patients. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 733 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 782 non-diabetic controls. The presence of HBsAg and HBcAb was determined by ELISA. Nested PCR, targeting S and pre-core regions of the HBV genome, followed by sequencing was carried out to determine HBV genotypes and predominant mutations in the S, basal core promoter (BCP), and pre-core regions of the HBV genome. Results: Of 733 diabetic patients, 94 cases (12.82%) were positive for HBcAb, 28 cases (3.82%) were positive for HBsAg, and 19 cases (2.59%) had HBV-DNA with genotype D, sub-genotype D1/D3 and subtype ayw2. An occult HBV infection was found in one of the HBV DNA-positive samples, which was positive for HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. P120T/G145R, G1896A/G1899A, and A1762T/G1764T were the most frequent point substitution mutations detected in the S, pre-core, and BCP regions of the HBV genome, respectively. P120T and G145R mutations were associated with low levels or undetectable levels of HBsAg in serum. Therefore, routine tests based on HBsAg detection cannot detect HBsAg-negative infected patients. Conclusions: Relatively high prevalence of HBV infection was found in diabetic patients, while all of the HBV-infected patients were unaware of their infection. Therefore, screening for HBV infection should be included in the management program of diabetes for timely diagnosis and treatment of infected but asymptomatic patients.
MeSH term(s)	Case-Control Studies ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Iran/epidemiology ; Mutation
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-022-07528-7
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Article: Pediatric case with vaccine-related poliovirus infection: A case report.

Taherkhani, Reza / Farshadpour, Fatemeh

World journal of clinical pediatrics

2021 Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 106–111

Abstract: Background: As long as oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is used, the potential risk for the emergence of vaccine-related polioviruses remains.: Case summary: We report a case of Sabin-like type 1 poliovirus infection in an immunocompetent 17-mo-old ... ...

Abstract	Background: As long as oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is used, the potential risk for the emergence of vaccine-related polioviruses remains. Case summary: We report a case of Sabin-like type 1 poliovirus infection in an immunocompetent 17-mo-old child after receiving four scheduled doses of OPV. Somehow, the four doses did not confer full protection, possibly because of interference created by other enteroviruses. Conclusion: The surveillance of vaccine-related polioviruses has important implications for improving health policies and vaccination strategies. Missed cases of vaccine-related poliovirus infection might pose a potential risk to global poliovirus eradication. Therefore, the global withdrawal of OPV and a shift to the inclusion of only inactivated poliovirus vaccine in the vaccination schedule is the main objective of the polio eradication program.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2219-2808
ISSN	2219-2808
DOI	10.5409/wjcp.v10.i5.106
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and Molecular Evaluation of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Multi-transfused Thalassemia Patients in South of Iran

Fatemeh Farshadpour / Reza Taherkhani

Oman Medical Journal, Vol 37, Iss 5, Pp e427-e

2022 Volume 427

Abstract	Objectives: Information regarding the magnitude of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among thalassemia patients is of great importance for health care providers to assess blood safety and improve the quality of screening systems. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and genotypic pattern of HCV infection among β-thalassemia patients in South Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019. All patients with β-thalassemia major from Borazjan, Bushehr, Delvar, Kangan, and Ahram cities participated in the study and attended the transfusion center of the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences located in southern Iran. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The seropositive serum samples were tested for detection of HCV viremia and genotypes by semi-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Results: Of 125 thalassemia patients, 22 (17.6%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies and two (1.6%) had HCV viremia with genotype 3a. HCV seroprevalence increased with age, so anti-HCV seropositive thalassemia patients had significantly higher mean age than anti-HCV seronegative patients. HCV seroprevalence was higher among female patients, residents of Kangan, patients with blood transfusion every two weeks, Fars patients, and thalassemia patients with alanine aminotransferase levels of < 20 IU/L and aspartate aminotransferase levels of > 80 IU/L. Nevertheless, anti-HCV seroprevalence among thalassemia patients was not statistically associated with these variables.Conclusions: These results indicate ongoing HCV incidence among the thalassemia population in this region. Transfusion of HCV-seronegative viremic blood units donated during the infectious window period contributes to HCV infection in thalassemia patients. These findings highlight the need to include sensitive molecular assays in the screening process of donated blood for HCV infection in ...
Keywords	hepatitis c ; beta-thalassemia ; prevalence ; genotype ; risk factor ; iran ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Oman Medical Specialty Board
Document type	Article ; Online
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