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Article ; Online: Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Transport across Intestinal Tissue: An Oral Delivery Perspective.

Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad / Louisthelmy, Rebecca / Maisel, Katharina

ACS nano

2023 Volume 17, Issue 14, Page(s) 13044–13061

Abstract: Oral drug administration has been a popular choice due to patient compliance and limited clinical resources. Orally delivered drugs must circumvent the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment to effectively enter the systemic circulation. The GI tract ... ...

Abstract	Oral drug administration has been a popular choice due to patient compliance and limited clinical resources. Orally delivered drugs must circumvent the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment to effectively enter the systemic circulation. The GI tract has a number of structural and physiological barriers that limit drug bioavailability including mucus, the tightly regulated epithelial layer, immune cells, and associated vasculature. Nanoparticles have been used to enhance oral bioavailability of drugs, as they can act as a shield to the harsh GI environment and prevent early degradation while also increasing uptake and transport of drugs across the intestinal epithelium. Evidence suggests that different nanoparticle formulations may be transported via different intracellular mechanisms to cross the intestinal epithelium. Despite the existence of a significant body of work on intestinal transport of nanoparticles, many key questions remain: What causes the poor bioavailability of the oral drugs? What factors contribute to the ability of a nanoparticle to cross different intestinal barriers? Do nanoparticle properties such as size and charge influence the type of endocytic pathways taken? In this Review, we summarize the different components of intestinal barriers and the types of nanoparticles developed for oral delivery. In particular, we focus on the various intracellular pathways used in nanoparticle internalization and nanoparticle or cargo translocation across the epithelium. Understanding the gut barrier, nanoparticle characteristics, and transport pathways may lead to the development of more therapeutically useful nanoparticles as drug carriers.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Drug Carriers/chemistry ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Administration, Oral ; Biological Transport ; Biological Availability ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Drug Delivery Systems
Chemical Substances	Drug Carriers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1936-086X
ISSN (online)	1936-086X
DOI	10.1021/acsnano.3c02403
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The pathogenicity and virulence of Leishmania - interplay of virulence factors with host defenses.

Gupta, Anand Kumar / Das, Sonali / Kamran, Mohd / Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad / Ali, Nahid

Virulence

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 903–935

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite of the ... ...

Abstract	Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite of the genus
MeSH term(s)	Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Leishmania/genetics ; Leishmaniasis/drug therapy ; Leishmaniasis/parasitology ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors/genetics
Chemical Substances	Virulence Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2657572-3
ISSN	2150-5608 ; 2150-5594
ISSN (online)	2150-5608
ISSN	2150-5594
DOI	10.1080/21505594.2022.2074130
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Article ; Online: IFN-λ3 is induced by

De, Manjarika / Sukla, Soumi / Bharatiya, Seema / Keshri, Sagar / Roy, Debarati Guha / Roy, Sutopa / Dutta, Debrupa / Saha, Shriya / Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad / Ravichandiran, V / Ali, Nahid / Chatterjee, Mitali / Chinnaswamy, Sreedhar

Infection and immunity

2024 Volume 92, Issue 2, Page(s) e0050423

Abstract: The intracellular protozoan ... ...

Abstract	The intracellular protozoan parasite
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Cell Line ; Leishmania donovani ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/drug therapy ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology ; Macrophages/parasitology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Parasites
Chemical Substances	Ifnl3 protein, mouse ; interferon-lambda, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218698-6
ISSN	1098-5522 ; 0019-9567
ISSN (online)	1098-5522
ISSN	0019-9567
DOI	10.1128/iai.00504-23
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Article ; Online: Antibody detection assays for COVID-19 diagnosis: an early overview.

Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad / Ghosh, Sneha / Ali, Nahid

Immunology and cell biology

2020 Volume 99, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–33

Abstract: The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only commenced a global health emergency but also agitated various aspects of humanity. During this period of crisis, researchers over the world have ramped their efforts to constrain ... ...

Abstract	The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only commenced a global health emergency but also agitated various aspects of humanity. During this period of crisis, researchers over the world have ramped their efforts to constrain the disease in all possible ways, whether it is vaccination, therapy or diagnosis. Because the spread of the disease has not yet elapsed, sharing the ongoing research findings could be the key to disease control and management. An early and efficient diagnosis could leverage the outcome until a successful vaccine is developed. Both in-house and commercial kits are the preferred molecular tests being used worldwide in the COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the limitation of high prices and lengthy procedures impede their use for mass testing. Keeping the constant rise of infection in mind, the search for an alternative test that is cost-effective, simple and suitable for large-scale testing and surveillance is the need of the hour. One such alternative could be immunological tests. In the last few months, a deluge of immunological rapid tests have been developed and validated across the globe. The objective of this review is to share the diagnostic performance of various immunological assays reported so far in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 case detection. We consolidate the studies (published and preprints) related to serological tests such as chemiluminescence, enzyme-linked and lateral flow-based point-of-care tests in COVID-19 diagnosis and update the current scenario. This review aims to be an add-on in COVID-19 research and will contribute to congregation of the evidence for decision making.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19 Serological Testing ; Carrier State/diagnosis ; Carrier State/immunology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	284057-1
ISSN	1440-1711 ; 0818-9641
ISSN (online)	1440-1711
ISSN	0818-9641
DOI	10.1111/imcb.12397
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Article ; Online: Antibody detection assays for COVID‐19 diagnosis

Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad / Ghosh, Sneha / Ali, Nahid

Immunology & Cell Biology ; ISSN 0818-9641 1440-1711

an early overview

2020

Keywords	Immunology ; Cell Biology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1111/imcb.12397
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Detection of Leptomonas seymouri narna-like virus in serum samples of visceral leishmaniasis patients and its possible role in disease pathogenesis.

Sukla, Soumi / Nath, Himadri / Kamran, Mohd / Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad / Ali, Nahid / Das, Pradeep / Ravichandiran, V / Roy, Syamal / Biswas, Subhajit

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 14436

Abstract: Kala-azar/Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani (LD) is often associated with Leptomonas seymouri (LS) co-infection in India. Leptomonas seymouri narna-like virus 1 (Lepsey NLV1) has been reported in multi-passaged laboratory isolates ...

Abstract	Kala-azar/Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani (LD) is often associated with Leptomonas seymouri (LS) co-infection in India. Leptomonas seymouri narna-like virus 1 (Lepsey NLV1) has been reported in multi-passaged laboratory isolates of VL samples which showed LD-LS co-infection. A pertinent question was whether this virus of LS is detectable in direct clinical samples. DNA from the serum of twenty-eight LD diagnosed patients was subjected to LD-specific and LS-specific PCR to reconfirm the presence of LD parasites and to detect LD-LS co-infections. RNA extracted from same samples was subjected to RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and sequencing using virus-specific primers to detect/identify and quantify the virus. The presence of the virus was confirmed in thirteen of eighteen (72%) recently collected VL and PKDL samples. Cytokine profiling showed significantly elevated IL-18 in only LD infected patients compared to the virus-positive LD and control samples. IL-18 is crucial for Th1 and macrophage activation which eventually clears the parasite. The Lepsey NLV1 interaction with the immune system results in reduced IL-18 which favors LD survival and increased parasitic burden. The study emphasizes the need to revisit LD pathogenesis in the light of the association and persistence of a protozoan virus in kala-azar and PKDL patients.
MeSH term(s)	Coinfection/diagnosis ; Humans ; India ; Interleukin-18 ; Leishmania donovani/genetics ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology ; Trypanosomatina/genetics
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-18
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-18526-9
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Article ; Online: Detection of Leptomonas seymouri narna-like virus in serum samples of visceral leishmaniasis patients and its possible role in disease pathogenesis

Soumi Sukla / Himadri Nath / Mohd. Kamran / Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi / Nahid Ali / Pradeep Das / V. Ravichandiran / Syamal Roy / Subhajit Biswas

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Kala-azar/Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani (LD) is often associated with Leptomonas seymouri (LS) co-infection in India. Leptomonas seymouri narna-like virus 1 (Lepsey NLV1) has been reported in multi-passaged laboratory ...

Abstract	Abstract Kala-azar/Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani (LD) is often associated with Leptomonas seymouri (LS) co-infection in India. Leptomonas seymouri narna-like virus 1 (Lepsey NLV1) has been reported in multi-passaged laboratory isolates of VL samples which showed LD-LS co-infection. A pertinent question was whether this virus of LS is detectable in direct clinical samples. DNA from the serum of twenty-eight LD diagnosed patients was subjected to LD-specific and LS-specific PCR to reconfirm the presence of LD parasites and to detect LD-LS co-infections. RNA extracted from same samples was subjected to RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and sequencing using virus-specific primers to detect/identify and quantify the virus. The presence of the virus was confirmed in thirteen of eighteen (72%) recently collected VL and PKDL samples. Cytokine profiling showed significantly elevated IL-18 in only LD infected patients compared to the virus-positive LD and control samples. IL-18 is crucial for Th1 and macrophage activation which eventually clears the parasite. The Lepsey NLV1 interaction with the immune system results in reduced IL-18 which favors LD survival and increased parasitic burden. The study emphasizes the need to revisit LD pathogenesis in the light of the association and persistence of a protozoan virus in kala-azar and PKDL patients.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Antibody detection assays for COVID-19 diagnosis: an early overview

Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad / Ghosh, Sneha / Ali, Nahid

Immunol. cell biol

Abstract	The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only commenced a global health emergency but also agitated various aspects of humanity. During this period of crisis, researchers over the world have ramped their efforts to constrain the disease in all possible ways, whether it is vaccination, therapy or diagnosis. Because the spread of the disease has not yet elapsed, sharing the ongoing research findings could be the key to disease control and management. An early and efficient diagnosis could leverage the outcome until a successful vaccine is developed. Both in-house and commercial kits are the preferred molecular tests being used worldwide in the COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the limitation of high prices and lengthy procedures impede their use for mass testing. Keeping the constant rise of infection in mind, the search for an alternative test that is cost-effective, simple and suitable for large-scale testing and surveillance is the need of the hour. One such alternative could be immunological tests. In the last few months, a deluge of immunological rapid tests have been developed and validated across the globe. The objective of this review is to share the diagnostic performance of various immunological assays reported so far in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 case detection. We consolidate the studies (published and preprints) related to serological tests such as chemiluminescence, enzyme-linked and lateral flow-based point-of-care tests in COVID-19 diagnosis and update the current scenario. This review aims to be an add-on in COVID-19 research and will contribute to congregation of the evidence for decision making.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #735922
Database	COVID19

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Article: Revealing a Novel Antigen Repressor of Differentiation Kinase 2 for Diagnosis of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in India.

Bhattacharyya, Anirban / Kamran, Mohd / Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad / Das, Sonali / Didwania, Nicky / Bhattacharjee, Rahul / Rahaman, Mehebubar / Goswami, Rama Prosad / Pandey, Krishna / Das, Vidya Nand Ravi / Das, Pradeep / Gayen, Saswati / Ali, Nahid

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the major global health concerns due to its association with morbidity and mortality. All available diagnostic tools have been, until now, unable to provide a very specific and cost-effective mode of detection for VL ...

Abstract	Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the major global health concerns due to its association with morbidity and mortality. All available diagnostic tools have been, until now, unable to provide a very specific and cost-effective mode of detection for VL globally. Therefore, the design of robust, specific, and commercially translatable diagnostic tests is urgently required. Currently, we are attempting to identify and explore the diagnostic potential of a novel parasite antigen. Repressor of differentiation kinase 2 (RDK2), a serine/threonine kinase, has a versatile role in parasite life cycle progression. However, its role as a diagnostic candidate for VL has not been investigated. Herein, we cloned and over-expressed LdRDK2 and studied the recombinant RDK2 for the diagnosis of human VL using serum and urine samples. In silico analysis predicted that RDK2 is conserved among
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens11020120
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Article ; Online: Developments in diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis during the last decade and future prospects.

Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad / Ali, Nahid

Expert review of anti-infective therapy

2013 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 79–98

Abstract: Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) continues to be a life-threatening neglected tropical disease, with close to 200 million people at risk of infection globally. Epidemics and resurgence of VL are associated with negligence by the policy makers, economic ... ...

Abstract	Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) continues to be a life-threatening neglected tropical disease, with close to 200 million people at risk of infection globally. Epidemics and resurgence of VL are associated with negligence by the policy makers, economic decline and population movements. Control of the disease is hampered by the lack of proficient vaccination, rapid diagnosis in a field setting and severe side effects of current drug therapies. The diagnosis of VL relied largely on invasive techniques of detecting parasites in splenic and bone marrow aspirates. rK39 and PCR, despite problems related to varying sensitivities and specificities and field adaptability, respectively, are considered the best options for VL diagnosis today. No single therapy of VL currently offers satisfactory efficacy along with safety. The field of VL research only recently shifted toward actively identifying new drugs for safe and affordable treatment. Oral miltefosine and safe AmBisome along with better use of amphotericin B have been rapidly implemented in the last decade. A combination therapy will substantially reduce the required dose and duration of drug administration and reduce the chance of the development of resistance. In addition, identification of asymptomatic cases, vector control and treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis would allow new perspectives in VL control and management.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Disease Management ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/trends ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/therapy ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/trends ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2181279-2
ISSN	1744-8336 ; 1478-7210
ISSN (online)	1744-8336
ISSN	1478-7210
DOI	10.1586/eri.12.148
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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