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Article ; Online: Inhibitory efficiency of Andrographis paniculata extract on viral multiplication and nitric oxide production.

Siridechakorn, Ittipon / Bhattarakosol, Parvapan / Sasivimolrattana, Thanayod / Anoma, Sasiprapa / Wongwad, Eakkaluk / Nuengchamnong, Nitra / Kowitdamrong, Ekasit / Boonyasuppayakorn, Siwaporn / Waranuch, Neti

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 19738

Abstract: Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees is a medicinal plant previously reported with broad-spectrum antivirals but the mode of inhibition remains elusive. The objective of this study was to identify the most active fraction from A. paniculata ethanol ... ...

Abstract	Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees is a medicinal plant previously reported with broad-spectrum antivirals but the mode of inhibition remains elusive. The objective of this study was to identify the most active fraction from A. paniculata ethanol extract (APE, APE-2A, APE-2B and APE-2C) and dry powder extract (APSP) against influenza A (H3N2), representing RNA viruses, and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), representing DNA viruses. The results showed that the fractions APSP, APE, APE-2B, and APE-2C directly neutralized the HSV-1 and influenza A (H3N2) when incubated at room temperature for 60 min before infecting the cells. The results also showed that the additional APE-2A fraction also directly neutralized the influenza A (H3N2), but not the HSV-1. The APE, APE-2B and APE-2C inhibited the HSV-1 by more than 0.5 log when the fractions were introduced after infection. Similarly, the APSP and APE inhibited the influenza A (H3N2) more than 0.5 log after infection. Only 50 μg/mL APE-2C inhibited the viruses greater than 0.5 log. In addition, A. paniculata extracts were also evaluated for their interfering capacities against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. As well, APE-2C potently inhibited NO production at the IC
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; Andrographis ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Diterpenes/pharmacology ; Hominidae
Chemical Substances	Andrographis paniculata extract (0P49L952WZ) ; andrographolide (410105JHGR) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Plant Extracts ; Diterpenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-46249-y
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Article ; Online: A performance comparison between fluorescent immunoassay and immunochromatography for rapid dengue detection in clinical specimens.

Ruchusatsawat, Kriangsak / Benjamungkalarak, Tanawat / Phunikom, Naruphong / Vateh, Husneeyah / Kowitdamrong, Ekasit / Wongpiyabovorn, Jongkonnee / Boonyasuppayakorn, Siwaporn

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 17299

Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV 1-4) infection has been a global health threat where no specific treatment is currently available. Therefore, a rapid and accurate diagnosis is critical for an appropriate management as it could reduce the burden of severe clinical ... ...

Abstract	Dengue virus (DENV 1-4) infection has been a global health threat where no specific treatment is currently available. Therefore, a rapid and accurate diagnosis is critical for an appropriate management as it could reduce the burden of severe clinical manifestation. Currently, dengue immunochromatography (IC) is commonly used to primarily differentiate acute febrile illnesses. Fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) utilized a highly sensitive detection system and claimed 70-100% sensitivity and 83.5-91.7% specificity for dengue infection in a preliminary report. This report recruited samples with acute febrile illnesses sent for dengue screening and tested IC and FIA in parallel. The performance of both tests was verified by a definitive diagnosis retrieved from combinatorial reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM and IgG confirmation tests. Results showed that the viral nonstructural protein (NS1) performance of FIA was slightly higher than IC with the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, agreement, kappa, and its standard error at 79.11, 92.28, 86.81, 87.31, 352 (87.13%), 0.725 ± 0.035, respectively; whereas those of the IC were at 76.58, 92.28, 86.43, 85.98, 348 (86.14%), 0.703 ± 0.037, respectively. Moreover, the IgM and IgG performance of FIA had higher specificity, PPV, and agreement than the IgM IC performance, suggesting that the FIA was more specific but less sensitive for antibody detection. No correlation was observed in IgM and IgG levels of ELISA and FIA assays. In conclusion, the FIA and IC were highly sensitive, specific, and substantially agreed in NS1 detection but moderately agreed in IgM and IgG detection.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Dengue/diagnosis ; Dengue Virus ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-21581-x
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Article: Sensitivity and specificity of anti-double-stranded RNA immunofluorescence for universal detection of viral infection in respiratory specimens.

Kawang, Kornthara / Naoudom, Udsanee / Kowitdamrong, Ekasit / Kerr, Stephen J / Ruxrungtham, Kiat / Nilaratanakul, Voraphoj

Heliyon

2021 Volume 7, Issue 12, Page(s) e08471

Abstract: Background: Emerging viruses could be detected before reaching pandemic level if universal viral detection screening was routinely used. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the only common antigen across most viral families. Anti-dsRNA immunofluorescence has ...

Abstract	Background: Emerging viruses could be detected before reaching pandemic level if universal viral detection screening was routinely used. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the only common antigen across most viral families. Anti-dsRNA immunofluorescence has shown promising results Methods: Consecutive inpatient cases of suspected respiratory viral infections were prospectively enrolled. Respiratory samples were collected and divided for anti-dsRNA immunofluorescence (index test) and 19-subtypes respiratory virus microarray (reference standard). Using fluorescence microscopy, positive or negative anti-dsRNA IF results were determined independently by two raters. Results: By microarray, 108 and 87 samples were positive and negative for viruses, respectively. The anti-dsRNA IF sensitivity was 83.3% (95%CI 76.1%-90.2%), while specificity was 87.4% (95%CI 80.8%-93.7%). Conclusions: Anti-dsRNA IF is simple to perform, with acceptable accuracy, and suitable for point-of-care respiratory virus screening. Unlike most molecular techniques, known viral genome sequences are not required.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08471
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Article: Low Measles Seropositivity Rate among Thai Adolescents in the Thai National Immunization Program.

Puthanakit, Thanyawee / Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn / Angsuwatcharakon, Piyada / Bunjoungmanee, Pornumpa / Kowitdamrong, Ekasit / Primsirikunawut, Athiwat / Intarakhao, Sukkrawan / Chetsonwisorn, Panadda / Sophonphan, Jiratchaya / Tangsathapornpong, Auchara

Vaccines

2022 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: To achieve the goal of measles elimination, herd immunity with 95% seroprotection in the community is required. This study aimed to describe the measles seropositivity rate among Thai children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among ... ...

Abstract	To achieve the goal of measles elimination, herd immunity with 95% seroprotection in the community is required. This study aimed to describe the measles seropositivity rate among Thai children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 3−18 years in Bangkok and its suburbs. Measles IgG antibodies were measured using a EUROIMMUN enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Seropositivity is defined as a measles IgG titer of ≥200 IU/L, due to a correlation with a >85% positive rate with a plaque reduction neutralizing titer of >120. Factors associated with seropositivity were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. From May to July 2020, 570 children with a median (IQR) age of 11.7 (9.4−14.8) years were enrolled. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-measles IgG was 281 IU/L (95% CI; 257−306). The proportion of children with seropositivity was inversely correlated with age; 3−5 years 85.3%, 6−9 years 72.5%, 10−14 years 50.7%, and 15−18 years 56.3%. Adolescents aged 10−18 years had a lower measles seropositivity rate compared with young children; aOR 0.29 (95% CI 0.17−0.48). Only half of the adolescents who received two doses of measles-containing vaccine maintained measles IgG above the seropositive level. A measles booster dose for young adults may be needed to achieve the measles elimination goal.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines10081269
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Article ; Online: Sensitivity and specificity of anti-double-stranded RNA immunofluorescence for universal detection of viral infection in respiratory specimens

Kornthara Kawang / Udsanee Naoudom / Ekasit Kowitdamrong / Stephen J. Kerr / Kiat Ruxrungtham / Voraphoj Nilaratanakul

Heliyon, Vol 7, Iss 12, Pp e08471- (2021)

2021

Abstract	Background: Emerging viruses could be detected before reaching pandemic level if universal viral detection screening was routinely used. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the only common antigen across most viral families. Anti-dsRNA immunofluorescence has shown promising results in vitro; however, its diagnostic value in respiratory specimens has not been evaluated. Methods: Consecutive inpatient cases of suspected respiratory viral infections were prospectively enrolled. Respiratory samples were collected and divided for anti-dsRNA immunofluorescence (index test) and 19-subtypes respiratory virus microarray (reference standard). Using fluorescence microscopy, positive or negative anti-dsRNA IF results were determined independently by two raters. Results: By microarray, 108 and 87 samples were positive and negative for viruses, respectively. The anti-dsRNA IF sensitivity was 83.3% (95%CI 76.1%–90.2%), while specificity was 87.4% (95%CI 80.8%–93.7%). Conclusions: Anti-dsRNA IF is simple to perform, with acceptable accuracy, and suitable for point-of-care respiratory virus screening. Unlike most molecular techniques, known viral genome sequences are not required.
Keywords	Respiratory virus ; Double-stranded RNA ; Immunofluorescence ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Low Measles Seropositivity Rate among Thai Adolescents in the Thai National Immunization Program

Thanyawee Puthanakit / Suvaporn Anugulruengkitt / Piyada Angsuwatcharakon / Pornumpa Bunjoungmanee / Ekasit Kowitdamrong / Athiwat Primsirikunawut / Sukkrawan Intarakhao / Panadda Chetsonwisorn / Jiratchaya Sophonphan / Auchara Tangsathapornpong

Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 1269, p

2022 Volume 1269

Abstract	To achieve the goal of measles elimination, herd immunity with 95% seroprotection in the community is required. This study aimed to describe the measles seropositivity rate among Thai children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 3–18 years in Bangkok and its suburbs. Measles IgG antibodies were measured using a EUROIMMUN enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Seropositivity is defined as a measles IgG titer of ≥200 IU/L, due to a correlation with a >85% positive rate with a plaque reduction neutralizing titer of >120. Factors associated with seropositivity were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. From May to July 2020, 570 children with a median (IQR) age of 11.7 (9.4–14.8) years were enrolled. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-measles IgG was 281 IU/L (95% CI; 257–306). The proportion of children with seropositivity was inversely correlated with age; 3–5 years 85.3%, 6–9 years 72.5%, 10–14 years 50.7%, and 15–18 years 56.3%. Adolescents aged 10–18 years had a lower measles seropositivity rate compared with young children; aOR 0.29 (95% CI 0.17–0.48). Only half of the adolescents who received two doses of measles-containing vaccine maintained measles IgG above the seropositive level. A measles booster dose for young adults may be needed to achieve the measles elimination goal.
Keywords	seroprevalence ; measles ; children ; adolescents ; Thai ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Sensitivity and specificity of anti-double-stranded RNA immunofluorescence for universal detection of viral infection in respiratory specimens

Kawang, Kornthara / Naoudom, Udsanee / Kowitdamrong, Ekasit / Kerr, Stephen J. / Ruxrungtham, Kiat / Nilaratanakul, Voraphoj

Heliyon. 2021 Dec., v. 7, no. 12

2021

Abstract: Emerging viruses could be detected before reaching pandemic level if universal viral detection screening was routinely used. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the only common antigen across most viral families. Anti-dsRNA immunofluorescence has shown ... ...

Abstract	Emerging viruses could be detected before reaching pandemic level if universal viral detection screening was routinely used. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the only common antigen across most viral families. Anti-dsRNA immunofluorescence has shown promising results in vitro; however, its diagnostic value in respiratory specimens has not been evaluated. Consecutive inpatient cases of suspected respiratory viral infections were prospectively enrolled. Respiratory samples were collected and divided for anti-dsRNA immunofluorescence (index test) and 19-subtypes respiratory virus microarray (reference standard). Using fluorescence microscopy, positive or negative anti-dsRNA IF results were determined independently by two raters. By microarray, 108 and 87 samples were positive and negative for viruses, respectively. The anti-dsRNA IF sensitivity was 83.3% (95%CI 76.1%–90.2%), while specificity was 87.4% (95%CI 80.8%–93.7%). Anti-dsRNA IF is simple to perform, with acceptable accuracy, and suitable for point-of-care respiratory virus screening. Unlike most molecular techniques, known viral genome sequences are not required.
Keywords	antigens ; disease diagnosis ; double-stranded RNA ; fluorescence microscopy ; fluorescent antibody technique ; microarray technology ; pandemic ; point-of-care systems ; reference standards ; viral genome ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08471
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with differing severities of coronavirus disease 2019.

Kowitdamrong, Ekasit / Puthanakit, Thanyawee / Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon / Prompetchara, Eakachai / Suchartlikitwong, Pintip / Putcharoen, Opass / Hirankarn, Nattiya

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) e0240502

Abstract: Background: A greater understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in an infected population is important for the development of a vaccination.: Aim: To investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies in Thai patients with differing severities ... ...

Abstract	Background: A greater understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in an infected population is important for the development of a vaccination. Aim: To investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies in Thai patients with differing severities of COVID-19. Methods: Plasma from the following patient groups was examined: 118 adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, 49 patients under investigation (without confirmed infections), 20 patients with other respiratory infections, and 102 healthy control patients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from EUROIMMUN was performed to assess for IgA and IgG antibodies. The optical density (OD) ratio cutoff for a positive result was 1.1 for IgA and 0.8 for IgG. Additionally, the association of the antibody response with both the severity of disease and the date after onset of symptoms was analyzed. Results: A total of 289 participants were enrolled and 384 samples analyzed from March 10 to May 31, 2020. Patients were categorized, based on their clinical manifestations, as mild (n = 59), moderate (n = 27), or severe (n = 32). The overall sensitivity of IgA and IgG from the samples collected after day 7 of the symptoms was 87.9% (95% CI: 79.8-93.6) and 84.8% (95% CI: 76.2-91.3), respectively. Compared to the mild group, the severe group had significantly higher levels of spike 1 (S1) antigen-specific IgA and IgG. All patients in the moderate and severe groups had S1-specific IgG, while 20% of the patients in the mild group did not have any IgG detected after two weeks after the onset of symptoms. Interestingly, in the severe group, the SARS-CoV-2 IgG level was significantly higher in males than females (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The serological test for SARS-CoV-2 has a high sensitivity more than two weeks after the onset of illness. Additionally, the serological response differs among patients based on sex as well as the severity of infection.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibody Formation ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Factors ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; RNA, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0240502
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Article ; Online: Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with differing severities of coronavirus disease 2019.

Ekasit Kowitdamrong / Thanyawee Puthanakit / Watsamon Jantarabenjakul / Eakachai Prompetchara / Pintip Suchartlikitwong / Opass Putcharoen / Nattiya Hirankarn

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 10, p e

2020 Volume 0240502

Abstract: Background A greater understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in an infected population is important for the development of a vaccination. Aim To investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies in Thai patients with differing severities of ... ...

Abstract	Background A greater understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in an infected population is important for the development of a vaccination. Aim To investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies in Thai patients with differing severities of COVID-19. Methods Plasma from the following patient groups was examined: 118 adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, 49 patients under investigation (without confirmed infections), 20 patients with other respiratory infections, and 102 healthy control patients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from EUROIMMUN was performed to assess for IgA and IgG antibodies. The optical density (OD) ratio cutoff for a positive result was 1.1 for IgA and 0.8 for IgG. Additionally, the association of the antibody response with both the severity of disease and the date after onset of symptoms was analyzed. Results A total of 289 participants were enrolled and 384 samples analyzed from March 10 to May 31, 2020. Patients were categorized, based on their clinical manifestations, as mild (n = 59), moderate (n = 27), or severe (n = 32). The overall sensitivity of IgA and IgG from the samples collected after day 7 of the symptoms was 87.9% (95% CI: 79.8-93.6) and 84.8% (95% CI: 76.2-91.3), respectively. Compared to the mild group, the severe group had significantly higher levels of spike 1 (S1) antigen-specific IgA and IgG. All patients in the moderate and severe groups had S1-specific IgG, while 20% of the patients in the mild group did not have any IgG detected after two weeks after the onset of symptoms. Interestingly, in the severe group, the SARS-CoV-2 IgG level was significantly higher in males than females (p = 0.003). Conclusion The serological test for SARS-CoV-2 has a high sensitivity more than two weeks after the onset of illness. Additionally, the serological response differs among patients based on sex as well as the severity of infection.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with differing severities of coronavirus disease 2019

Kowitdamrong, Ekasit / Puthanakit, Thanyawee / Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon / Prompetchara, Eakachai / Suchartlikitwong, Pintip / Putcharoen, Opass / Hirankarn, Nattiya

PLOS ONE

2020 Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) e0240502

Keywords	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0240502
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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