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  1. Article ; Online: Antibody tests for diagnosing COVID-19: how relevant are they?

    Shey, Muki Shehu / Schmidt, Bey-Marrié / Wiysonge, Charles Shey

    The Pan African medical journal

    2020  Volume 37, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 4

    Abstract: The current standards for detecting active coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection are molecular tests by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, using swabs from the lower or upper respiratory tract. Because of the expertise required and the ... ...

    Abstract The current standards for detecting active coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection are molecular tests by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, using swabs from the lower or upper respiratory tract. Because of the expertise required and the long turnaround time for the availability of test results, faster and easier point-of-care methods are necessary. The latter may include the detection of antibodies specific to COVID-19. We highlight a recent Cochrane review that assessed the accuracy of antibody tests for diagnosing COVID-19. The review shows that, at present, antibodies have little use in the diagnosis of COVID-19 within the first seven days from onset of symptoms. However, as time progresses, the sensitivity of the antibody tests increases. Antibody tests are more useful in detecting previous COVID-19 infection if used 15 days or more from onset of symptoms. Data presented in the review should be interpreted with caution as most studies (85%) recruited in-hospital patients and 11% recruited suspected COVID-19 patients, while only 4% recruited convalescent patients. This limits generalisability of the results to most settings.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Serological Testing ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-08
    Publishing country Uganda
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2514347-5
    ISSN 1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
    ISSN (online) 1937-8688
    ISSN 1937-8688
    DOI 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.37.4.25822
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mycobacterial-specific secretion of cytokines and chemokines in healthcare workers with apparent resistance to infection with

    Shey, Muki Shehu / Balfour, Avuyonke / Masina, Nomawethu / Bekiswa, Abulele / Schutz, Charlotte / Goliath, Rene / Dielle, Rachel / Katoto, Patrick Dmc / Wilkinson, Katalin Andrea / Lewinsohn, David / Lewinsohn, Deborah Anne / Meintjes, Graeme

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1176615

    Abstract: Background: Currently, diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) is based on the secretion of IFN-γ in response to : Methods: We enrolled HIV-uninfected healthcare workers who had worked in high TB-exposure environments for 5 years or longer. We ... ...

    Abstract Background: Currently, diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) is based on the secretion of IFN-γ in response to
    Methods: We enrolled HIV-uninfected healthcare workers who had worked in high TB-exposure environments for 5 years or longer. We screened them for LTBI using the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay. We performed multiplex Luminex to measure concentrations of T cell-associated cytokines and chemokines as well as total antibodies in plasma collected from unstimulated fresh whole blood and supernatants from QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus tubes following incubation of whole blood for 16-24 hours with ESAT6/CFP10 peptides.
    Results: Samples from 78 individuals were analyzed: 33 resisters (TST<10mm; IGRA<0.35 IU/mL), 33 with LTBI (TST≥10mm and IGRA≥0.35 IU/mL) and 12 discordant (TST=0mm; IGRA≥1.0 IU/mL). There were no differences in concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in plasma between the different groups. Resisters had significantly lower concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, ITAC, IL-13 and GM-CSF in supernatants compared with LTBI group. There were no significant differences in the concentrations in supernatants of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, MIP-3α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, Fractalkine and IL-12p70 between the groups. We observed that resisters had similar concentrations of total antibodies (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgM) in plasma and supernatants compared to the LTBI and discordant groups.
    Conclusion: Resistance to Mtb infection despite sustained exposure is associated with lower Mtb-specific secretion of Th1-associated cytokines and chemokines. However, resisters showed secreted concentrations after Mtb stimulation of total antibodies and cytokines/chemokines associated with innate and Th17 immune responses similar to those with Mtb infection. This suggests an ability to mount non-IFN-γ immune responses to Mtb in apparent resisters.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Cytokines ; Tuberculosis ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Tuberculin Test ; Latent Infection
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176615
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Contribution of APCs to mucosal-associated invariant T cell activation in infectious disease and cancer.

    Shey, Muki Shehu / Balfour, Avuyonke / Wilkinson, Katalin Andrea / Meintjes, Graeme

    Innate immunity

    2018  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 192–202

    Abstract: APCs such as monocytes and dendritic cells are among the first cells to recognize invading pathogens and initiate an immune response. The innate response can either eliminate the pathogen directly, or through presentation of Ags to T cells, which can ... ...

    Abstract APCs such as monocytes and dendritic cells are among the first cells to recognize invading pathogens and initiate an immune response. The innate response can either eliminate the pathogen directly, or through presentation of Ags to T cells, which can help to clear the infection. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are among the unconventional T cells whose activation does not involve the classical co-stimulation during Ag presentation. MAIT cells can be activated either via presentation of unconventional Ags (such as riboflavin metabolites) through the evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility class I-like molecule, MR1, or directly by cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-18. Given that APCs produce cytokines and can express MR1, these cells can play an important role in both pathways of MAIT cell activation. In this review, we summarize evidence on the role of APCs in MAIT cell activation in infectious disease and cancer. A better understanding of the interactions between APCs and MAIT cells is important in further elucidating the role of MAIT cells in infectious diseases, which may facilitate the design of novel interventions such as vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism ; Communicable Diseases/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-12/metabolism ; Interleukin-18/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/immunology ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/metabolism ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; Interleukin-18 ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; Interleukin-12 (187348-17-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ISSN 1753-4267
    ISSN (online) 1753-4267
    DOI 10.1177/1753425918768695
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of prenatal and postnatal vitamin A supplementation of HIV-infected women.

    Kongnyuy, Eugene Justine / Wiysonge, Charles Shey / Shey, Muki Shehu

    International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

    2009  Volume 104, Issue 1, Page(s) 5–8

    Abstract: We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AIDSearch, and Gateway to assess the effect of prenatal and/or postnatal vitamin A supplementation on the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and other pregnancy outcomes. We included 5 ... ...

    Abstract We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AIDSearch, and Gateway to assess the effect of prenatal and/or postnatal vitamin A supplementation on the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and other pregnancy outcomes. We included 5 trials totaling 7528 women (4 trials of prenatal and 1 trial of postnatal supplementation). Overall, there was no evidence of an effect of prenatal and/or postnatal vitamin A supplementation on the risk of MTCT of HIV (Relative Risk [RR] 1.06, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.89-1.26). However, prenatal vitamin A supplementation significantly improved birth weight (weighted mean difference 89.78; 95% CI, 84.73-94.83), but there was no evidence of an effect on stillbirths (RR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.68-1.43), preterm births (RR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.65-1.19), death before 24 months among live births (RR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.91-1.29), and maternal death (RR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59-1.17). The available evidence does not support vitamin A supplementation of HIV-infected pregnant and lactating women, despite improvement in birth weight.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Vitamin A/therapeutic use ; Vitamins/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Vitamins ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80149-5
    ISSN 1879-3479 ; 0020-7292
    ISSN (online) 1879-3479
    ISSN 0020-7292
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.08.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Migration and measles.

    Wiysonge, Charles Shey / Mawo, Jeanne Ngo-Ndjan / Ticha, Johnson Muluh / Nomo, Emmanuel / Shey, Muki Shehu

    International journal of epidemiology

    2005  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 1443–1444

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks ; Emigration and Immigration ; Humans ; Infant ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles Vaccine ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Measles Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 187909-1
    ISSN 1464-3685 ; 0300-5771
    ISSN (online) 1464-3685
    ISSN 0300-5771
    DOI 10.1093/ije/dyi197
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  6. Article: Vaginal microbicides for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection--no evidence of an effect or evidence of no effect?

    Wiysonge, Charles Shey / Shey, Muki Shehu / Shang, Judith / Kongnyuy, Eugene J / Brocklehurst, Peter

    South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde

    2007  Volume 97, Issue 7, Page(s) 530–533

    Abstract: Background: Vaginal disinfection is a simple, potentially effective strategy for reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV that can be implemented in combination with antiretroviral therapy or even in the absence of prenatal HIV testing. We ... ...

    Abstract Background: Vaginal disinfection is a simple, potentially effective strategy for reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV that can be implemented in combination with antiretroviral therapy or even in the absence of prenatal HIV testing. We systematically reviewed currently available randomised controlled trials to estimate the benefits and risks of this intervention.
    Methods: We conducted an exhaustive search for published and unpublished trials assessing the effect of vaginal microbicides on MTCT of HIV, extracted data in triplicate, assessed statistical heterogeneity between trial results, and conducted meta-analysis using Mantel-Haenszel's method.
    Findings: Five potentially eligible studies were identified, two of which met eligibility criteria. Pooling the data shows that the effect of vaginal disinfection on the risk of MTCT of HIV (relative risk (RR) 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71 - 1.25) and neonatal death (RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.32 - 5.79) is uncertain. The combined data (two trials with 708 participants) had less than 80% power to detect a 30% reduction in the risk of MTCT of HIV from a baseline risk of 30%, and are compatible with a wide range of effects; from a 29% reduction to a 25% increase in risk. One trial, with 108 participants, showed no evidence that adverse effects increased in mothers (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.87 - 1.20) and found that adverse effects decreased in neonates (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.32 - 0.64).
    Interpretation: At present there is insufficient and inconclusive evidence on the effect of vaginal microbicides on the risk of MTCT of HIV. This review identifies the need and provides the impetus for an adequately powered randomised controlled trial to assess the effect(s) of this inexpensive intervention.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Intravaginal ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage ; Female ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents, Local
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-07
    Publishing country South Africa
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 390968-2
    ISSN 2078-5135 ; 0256-9574 ; 0038-2469
    ISSN (online) 2078-5135
    ISSN 0256-9574 ; 0038-2469
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