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Article ; Online: Experimental and computational snapshots of C-C bond formation in a C-nucleoside synthase.

Li, Wenbo / Girt, Georgina C / Radadiya, Ashish / Stewart, James J P / Richards, Nigel G J / Naismith, James H

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 220287

Abstract: The biosynthetic enzyme, ForT, catalyses the formation of a C-C bond between 4-amino-1 ...

Abstract	The biosynthetic enzyme, ForT, catalyses the formation of a C-C bond between 4-amino-1
MeSH term(s)	Nucleosides ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray
Chemical Substances	Nucleosides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2630944-0
ISSN	2046-2441 ; 2046-2441
ISSN (online)	2046-2441
ISSN	2046-2441
DOI	10.1098/rsob.220287
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Article ; Online: Increasing Treatment Rates for Hepatitis C in Primary Care.

Stewart, Ann / Craig-Neil, Amy / Hodwitz, Kathryn / Wang, Rick / Cheng, Doret / Arbess, Gordon / Jeon, Caroline / Juando-Prats, Clara / Kiran, Tara

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

2023 Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 591–602

Abstract: Background: Despite antiviral agents that can cure the disease, many individuals with Hepatitis C ...

Abstract	Background: Despite antiviral agents that can cure the disease, many individuals with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) remain untreated. Primary care clinicians can play an important role in HCV treatment but often feel they do not have the requisite skills. Methods: We implemented a population-based improvement intervention over 10 months to support treatment of HCV in a primary care setting. The intervention included a decision-support tool, education for clinicians, enhanced interprofessional team supports, mentorship, and proactive patient outreach. We used process and outcome measures to understand the impact on the proportion of patients who initiated treatment and achieved Sustained Virologic Response (SVR). We used physician focus groups and pharmacist interviews to understand the context and mechanisms influencing the impact of the intervention. Results: Between December 2018 and June 2020, the percentage of HCV RNA positive patients who started treatment rose from 66.0% (354/536) to 75.5% (401/531) with 92.5% (371/401) of those starting treatment achieving SVR. Qualitative findings highlighted that the intervention helped raise awareness and confidence among physicians for treating HCV in primary care. A collaborative team environment, education, mentorship, and a decision-support tool integrated into the electronic record were all enablers of success although patient psychosocial complexity remained a barrier to engagement in treatment. Conclusion: A multifaceted primary care improvement initiative increased clinician confidence and was associated with an increase in the proportion of HCV RNA positive patients who initiated curative treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Primary Health Care ; RNA/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2239939-2
ISSN	1558-7118 ; 1557-2625
ISSN (online)	1558-7118
ISSN	1557-2625
DOI	10.3122/jabfm.2022.220427R1
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Article ; Online: Cohort Profile: International Collaboration on Hepatitis C Elimination in HIV Cohorts (InCHEHC).

International journal of epidemiology

2023 Volume 53, Issue 1

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Hepacivirus ; Coinfection
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187909-1
ISSN	1464-3685 ; 0300-5771
ISSN (online)	1464-3685
ISSN	0300-5771
DOI	10.1093/ije/dyad154
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Article ; Online: Site-Selective Electrochemical Arene C-H Amination.

Alvarez, Eva Maria / Stewart, Griffin / Ullah, Mohammed / Lalisse, Remy / Gutierrez, Osvaldo / Malapit, Christian A

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2024 Volume 146, Issue 6, Page(s) 3591–3597

Abstract: Here we present the discovery and development of a highly selective aromatic C-H amination reaction ...

Abstract	Here we present the discovery and development of a highly selective aromatic C-H amination reaction. This electrochemical strategy involves a cathodic reduction process that generates highly electrophilic dicationic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/jacs.3c11506
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Article ; Online: Triphenylphosphine oxide promoting visible-light-driven C-C coupling

Stewart, Shea / Maloney, Robert / Sun, Yugang

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

2023 Volume 59, Issue 24, Page(s) 3546–3549

Abstract: ... with aryl alkenes to yield new C-C bonds. Since ambient oxygen can easily oxidize TPP to TPPO, the reported ...

Abstract	Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) can form a complex in solution, promoting visible light absorption to trigger electron transfer within the complex and generate radicals. Subsequent radical reactions with thiols enable desulfurization to produce carbon radicals that react with aryl alkenes to yield new C-C bonds. Since ambient oxygen can easily oxidize TPP to TPPO, the reported method requires no explicit addition of a photocatalyst. This work highlights the promise of using TPPO as a catalytic photo-redox mediator in organic synthesis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472881-3
ISSN	1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
ISSN (online)	1364-548X
ISSN	1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
DOI	10.1039/d3cc00001j
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Article ; Online: Simple Molecules under High-Pressure and High-Temperature Conditions: Synthesis and Characterization of α- and β-C(NH)

Koller, Thaddäus J / Jin, Siyu / Krol, Viktoria / Ambach, Sebastian J / Ranieri, Umbertoluca / Khandarkhaeva, Saiana / Spender, James / McWilliams, Stewart / Trybel, Florian / Giordano, Nico / Poreba, Tomasz / Mezouar, Mohamed / Kuang, Xiaoyu / Lu, Cheng / Dubrovinsky, Leonid / Dubrovinskaia, Natalia / Hermann, Andreas / Schnick, Wolfgang / Laniel, Dominique

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

2024 Volume 63, Issue 7, Page(s) e202318214

Abstract: The elements hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen are among the most abundant in the solar system. Still, little is known about the ternary compounds these elements can form under the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions found in the outer planets' ... ...

Abstract	The elements hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen are among the most abundant in the solar system. Still, little is known about the ternary compounds these elements can form under the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions found in the outer planets' interiors. These materials are also of significant research interest since they are predicted to feature many desirable properties such as high thermal conductivity and hardness due to strong covalent bonding networks. In this study, the high-pressure high-temperature reaction behavior of malononitrile H
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2011836-3
ISSN	1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
ISSN (online)	1521-3773
ISSN	1433-7851
DOI	10.1002/anie.202318214
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Article ; Online: Centrohexaindane, a Unique Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Bearing the Rare C

Parker, Stewart F / Fortes, A Dominic / Nye, Daniel W / Day, Sarah J / Kuck, Dietmar

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

2023 Volume 29, Issue 57, Page(s) e202302057

Abstract: The structure and vibrational spectroscopy of centrohexaindane, 1, was investigated. This unusual molecule has a quaternary carbon atom that is coordinated to four further such quaternary carbon atoms as its core, each pair of which is bonded to an ortho- ...

Abstract	The structure and vibrational spectroscopy of centrohexaindane, 1, was investigated. This unusual molecule has a quaternary carbon atom that is coordinated to four further such quaternary carbon atoms as its core, each pair of which is bonded to an ortho-phenylene unit. Previous NMR studies have shown that the molecule has tetrahedral (T
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1478547-X
ISSN	1521-3765 ; 0947-6539
ISSN (online)	1521-3765
ISSN	0947-6539
DOI	10.1002/chem.202302057
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Article ; Online: WCR 90: Aspects of the Life and Work of William C. Roberts, MD.

Roberts, Charles Stewart

The American journal of cardiology

2023 Volume 195 Suppl 1, Page(s) S2–S30

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	80014-4
ISSN	1879-1913 ; 0002-9149
ISSN (online)	1879-1913
ISSN	0002-9149
DOI	10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.02.018
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Article ; Online: Changes in incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection and access to direct-acting antiviral therapies in people with HIV from six countries, 2010-19: an analysis of data from a consortium of prospective cohort studies.

Sacks-Davis, Rachel / van Santen, Daniela K / Boyd, Anders / Young, Jim / Stewart, Ashleigh / Doyle, Joseph S / Rauch, Andri / Mugglin, Catrina / Klein, Marina / van der Valk, Marc / Smit, Colette / Jarrin, Inmaculada / Berenguer, Juan / Lacombe, Karine / Requena, Maria-Bernarda / Wittkop, Linda / Leleux, Olivier / Bonnet, Fabrice / Salmon, Dominique /

Matthews, Gail V / Guy, Rebecca / Martin, Natasha K / Spelman, Tim / Prins, Maria / Stoove, Mark / Hellard, Margaret

The lancet. HIV

2024 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) e106–e116

Abstract: ... to undermine efforts to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people with HIV. We aimed to assess ... of HCV from six cohorts contributing data to the International Collaboration on Hepatitis C Elimination ...

Abstract	Background: Reinfection after successful treatment with direct-acting antivirals is hypothesised to undermine efforts to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people with HIV. We aimed to assess changes in incidence of HCV reinfection among people with HIV following the introduction of direct-acting antivirals, and the proportion of all incident cases attributable to reinfection. Methods: We pooled individual-level data on HCV reinfection in people with HIV after spontaneous or treatment-induced clearance of HCV from six cohorts contributing data to the International Collaboration on Hepatitis C Elimination in HIV Cohorts (InCHEHC) in Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2019. Participants were eligible if they had evidence of an HCV infection (HCV antibody or RNA positive test) followed by spontaneous clearance or treatment-induced clearance, with at least one HCV RNA test after clearance enabling measurement of reinfection. We assessed differences in first reinfection incidence between direct-acting antiviral access periods (pre-direct-acting antiviral, limited access [access restricted to people with moderate or severe liver disease and other priority groups], and broad access [access for all patients with chronic HCV]) using Poisson regression. We estimated changes in combined HCV incidence (primary and reinfection) and the relative contribution of infection type by calendar year. Findings: Overall, 6144 people with HIV who were at risk of HCV reinfection (median age 49 years [IQR 42-54]; 4989 [81%] male; 2836 [46%] men who have sex with men; 2360 [38%] people who inject drugs) were followed up for 17 303 person-years and were included in this analysis. The incidence of first HCV reinfection was stable during the period before the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (pre-introduction period; 4·1 cases per 100 person-years, 95% CI 2·8-6·0). Compared with the pre-introduction period, the average incidence of reinfection was 4% lower during the period of limited access (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0·96, 95% CI 0·78-1·19), and 28% lower during the period of broad access (0·72, 0·60-0·86). Between 2015 and 2019, the proportion of incident HCV infections due to reinfection increased, but combined incidence declined by 34%, from 1·02 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI 0·96-1·07) in 2015 to 0·67 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI 0·59-0·75) in 2019. Interpretation: HCV reinfection incidence and combined incidence declined in people with HIV following direct-acting antiviral introduction, suggesting reinfection has not affected elimination efforts among people with HIV in InCHEHC countries. The proportion of incident HCV cases due to reinfection was highest during periods of broad access to direct-acting antivirals, highlighting the importance of reducing ongoing risks and continuing testing in people at risk. Funding: Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Hepacivirus ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Incidence ; Reinfection/drug therapy ; Homosexuality, Male ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Australia/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2352-3018
ISSN (online)	2352-3018
DOI	10.1016/S2352-3018(23)00267-9
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Article ; Online: Experimental and computational snapshots of C-C bond formation in a C-nucleoside synthase

Wenbo Li / Georgina C. Girt / Ashish Radadiya / James J. P. Stewart / Nigel G. J. Richards / James H. Naismith

Open Biology, Vol 13, Iss

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: The biosynthetic enzyme, ForT, catalyses the formation of a C-C bond between 4-amino-1H ... pyrazoledicarboxylic acid and MgPRPP to produce a C-nucleoside precursor of formycin A. The transformation catalysed ... by ForT is of chemical interest because it is one of only a few examples in which C-C bond formation takes ...

Abstract	The biosynthetic enzyme, ForT, catalyses the formation of a C-C bond between 4-amino-1H-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid and MgPRPP to produce a C-nucleoside precursor of formycin A. The transformation catalysed by ForT is of chemical interest because it is one of only a few examples in which C-C bond formation takes place via an electrophilic substitution of a small, aromatic heterocycle. In addition, ForT is capable of discriminating between the aminopyrazoledicarboxylic acid and an analogue in which the amine is replaced by a hydroxyl group; a remarkable feat given the steric and electronic similarities of the two molecules. Here we report biophysical measurements, structural biology and quantum chemical calculations that provide a detailed molecular picture of ForT-catalysed C-C bond formation and the conformational changes that are coupled to catalysis. Our findings set the scene for employing engineered ForT variants in the biocatalytic production of novel, anti-viral C-nucleoside and C-nucleotide analogues.
Keywords	C-nucleoside ; X-ray crystallography ; formycin ; biosynthesis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	541
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
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