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Article ; Online: The effects of feeding α-amylase-enhanced corn silage with different dietary starch concentrations to lactating dairy cows on milk production, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites.

Krogstad, K C / Bradford, B J

2023 Volume 106, Issue 7, Page(s) 4666–4681

Abstract: ... 44 cows (n = 11/treatment; 28 multiparous, 16 primiparous; 151 ± 42 d in milk; 668 ± 63.6 kg ... a similar hybrid as in ENO but without enhanced α-amylase activity. The experimental period began 41 d after ... had 1.8 ± 0.93 kg/d less DMI than LO cows. Milk, energy-corrected milk, and milk protein yields were 1 ...

Abstract	Corn silage is one of the most common ingredients fed to dairy cattle. Advancement of corn silage genetics has improved nutrient digestibility and dairy cow lactation performance in the past. A corn silage hybrid with enhanced endogenous α-amylase activity (Enogen, Syngenta Seeds LLC) may improve milk production efficiency and nutrient digestibility when fed to lactating dairy cows. Furthermore, evaluating how Enogen silage interacts with different dietary starch content is important because the ruminal environment is influenced by the amount of rumen fermentable organic matter consumed. To evaluate the effects of Enogen corn silage and dietary starch content, we conducted an 8-wk randomized complete block experiment (2-wk covariate period, 6-wk experimental period) with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement using 44 cows (n = 11/treatment; 28 multiparous, 16 primiparous; 151 ± 42 d in milk; 668 ± 63.6 kg of body weight). Treatment factors were Enogen corn silage (ENO) or control (CON) corn silage included at 40% of diet dry matter and 25% (LO) or 30% (HI) dietary starch. Corn silage used in CON treatment was a similar hybrid as in ENO but without enhanced α-amylase activity. The experimental period began 41 d after silage harvest. Feed intake and milk yield data were collected daily, plasma metabolites and fecal pH were measured weekly, and digestibility was measured during the first and final weeks of the experimental period. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model approach with repeated measures for all variables except for body condition score change and body weight change. Corn silage, starch, week, and their interactions were included as fixed effects; baseline covariates and their interactions with corn silage and starch were also tested. Block and cow served as the random effects. Plasma glucose, insulin, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A concentrations were unaffected by treatment. Fecal pH was greater for cows fed ENO versus CON. Dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and starch digestibility were all greater for ENO than CON during wk 1, but differences were less by wk 6. The HI treatments depressed neutral detergent fiber digestibility compared with LO. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by corn silage but was affected by the interaction of starch and week; in wk 1, DMI was similar but by wk 6, cows fed HI had 1.8 ± 0.93 kg/d less DMI than LO cows. Milk, energy-corrected milk, and milk protein yields were 1.7 ± 0.94 kg/d, 1.3 ± 0.70 kg/d, and 65 ± 27 g/d greater for HI than LO, respectively. In conclusion, ENO increased digestibility but it did not affect milk yield, component yields, or DMI. Increasing dietary starch content improved milk production and feed efficiency without affecting markers of inflammation or metabolism.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Silage/analysis ; Lactation ; Zea mays/metabolism ; alpha-Amylases/metabolism ; Detergents/metabolism ; Dietary Fiber/metabolism ; Digestion ; Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism ; Nutrients ; Diet/veterinary ; Starch/metabolism ; Body Weight ; Rumen/metabolism
Chemical Substances	alpha-Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) ; Detergents ; Dietary Fiber ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Starch (9005-25-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2022-23030
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Article ; Online: Local inversion-symmetry breaking in a bismuthate high-T

Griffitt, S / Spaić, M / Joe, J / Anderson, Z W / Zhai, D / Krogstad, M J / Osborn, R / Pelc, D / Greven, M

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 845

Abstract: The doped perovskite ... ...

Abstract	The doped perovskite BaBiO
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-36348-9
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Article ; Online: Active and passive defects in tetragonal tungsten bronze relaxor ferroelectrics.

Wang, Bi-Xia / Krogstad, M J / Zheng, H / Osborn, R / Rosenkranz, S / Phelan, D

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal

2022 Volume 34, Issue 40

Abstract: Tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) based oxides constitute a large family of dielectric materials which are known to exhibit complex distortions producing incommensurately modulated superstructures as well as significant local deviations from their average ...

Abstract	Tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) based oxides constitute a large family of dielectric materials which are known to exhibit complex distortions producing incommensurately modulated superstructures as well as significant local deviations from their average symmetry. The local deviations produce diffuse scattering in diffraction experiments. The structure as well as the charge dynamics of these materials are anticipated to be sensitive to defects, such as cation or oxygen vacancies. In this work, in an effort to understand how the structural and charge dynamical properties respond to these two types of vacancy defects, we have performed measurements of dielectric susceptibilities and single crystal diffraction experiments of two types of TTB materials with both 'filled' (Ba
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472968-4
ISSN	1361-648X ; 0953-8984
ISSN (online)	1361-648X
ISSN	0953-8984
DOI	10.1088/1361-648X/ac8261
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Article ; Online: The effects of pelleted dried distillers grains and solubles fed with different forage concentrations on rumen fermentation, feeding behavior, and milk production of lactating dairy cows.

Krogstad, K C / Herrick, K J / Morris, D L / Hanford, K J / Kononoff, P J

Journal of dairy science

2021 Volume 104, Issue 6, Page(s) 6633–6645

Abstract: ... Jersey cows that were each fitted with a ruminal cannula averaging (± standard deviation) 56 ± 10.3 d ... averaging 19.8 ± 2.10 kg/d and 33.9 ± 1.02 kg/d, respectively. Fat yield was unaffected averaging 1.7 ± 0.13 ... kg/d, but protein yield was affected by the interaction of forage and DDGS. Protein yield was similar ...

Abstract	The physical form of feeds can influence dairy cow chewing behavior, rumen characteristics, and ruminal passage rate. Changing particle size of feeds is usually done through grinding or chopping forages, but pelleting feed ingredients also changes particle size. Our objective was to determine if pelleted dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS) affected the feeding value for lactating dairy cattle. Seven lactating Jersey cows that were each fitted with a ruminal cannula averaging (± standard deviation) 56 ± 10.3 d in milk and 462 ± 75.3 kg were used in a crossover design. The treatments contained 15% DDGS in either meal or pelleted form with 45% or 55% forage on a dry matter basis. The forages were alfalfa hay, corn silage, and wheat straw. The factorial treatment arrangement was meal DDGS and low forage (mDDGS-LF), pelleted DDGS and low forage (pDDGS-LF), meal DDGS and high forage (mDDGS-HF), and pelleted DDGS and high forage (pDDGS-HF). Dry matter intake and energy-corrected milk were both unaffected by treatment averaging 19.8 ± 2.10 kg/d and 33.9 ± 1.02 kg/d, respectively. Fat yield was unaffected averaging 1.7 ± 0.13 kg/d, but protein yield was affected by the interaction of forage and DDGS. Protein yield was similar for both low forage treatments but was increased by when pDDGS was fed in the high forage treatment (1.05 vs. 0.99 ± 0.035 kg/d). When forage concentration was increased, starch digestibility increased by 1.9 percentage units, crude protein digestibility tended to increase 1.1 percentage units, and residual organic matter digestibility decreased 3.4 percentage units. Pelleting DDGS increased digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (49.2 vs. 47.5 ± 1.85%) and gross energy (68.2 vs. 67.1 ± 1.18%). Increasing forage increased ruminal pH (5.85 to 5.94 ± 0.052). Passage rate slowed from 2.84 to 2.65 ± 0.205 %/h when feeding HF compared with LF. Rumination time increased from 417 to 454 ± 49.4 min with increasing forage concentration but was unaffected by the form of DDGS or the interaction of forage and DDGS. Eating time increased with pDDGS (235 vs. 209 ± 19.8 min), which may be a result of increased feed sorting behavior. Pelleting DDGS increased preference for particles retained on the 8-mm sieve and decreased preference for particles on the 1.18-mm sieve and in the pan (<1.18 mm). Results confirm that increasing forage concentration increases ruminal pH, rumination time, and slows passage rate, but contrary to our hypothesis increasing forage concentration did not increase NDF digestibility. Results also suggest that pelleted DDGS do not appear to affect milk production, ruminal characteristics, or passage rate, but pelleted DDGS may increase sorting behavior of lactating Jersey cows and increase NDF and gross energy digestibility.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Cattle ; Diet/veterinary ; Digestion ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fermentation ; Lactation ; Milk ; Rumen/metabolism ; Zea mays
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2020-19592
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Article ; Online: Role of Transition Metals in Metal-Organic Frameworks as Nanoporous Ion Emitters for Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Barpaga, Dushyant / Seo, Ji-Hye / Kumar, Abhishek / Makovsky, Kyle A / Sinnwell, Michael A / Krogstad, Eirik J / McHugh, Kelly

ACS applied materials & interfaces

2023 Volume 15, Issue 38, Page(s) 45005–45015

Abstract: Thermal ionization mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique that allows for precise determination of isotopic ratios. Analysis of low abundance samples, however, can be limited by the ionization efficiency. Following an investigation into a ... ...

Abstract	Thermal ionization mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique that allows for precise determination of isotopic ratios. Analysis of low abundance samples, however, can be limited by the ionization efficiency. Following an investigation into a new type of metal-organic hybrid material, nanoporous ion emitters (nano-PIEs), devised to promote the emission of analyte ions and reduce traditional sample loading challenges, this work evaluates the impact that changing the metal in the material has on the ionization of uranium (U). Being derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), nano-PIEs inherit the tunability of their parent MOFs. The MOF-74 series has been well studied for probing the impact various framework metals (i.e., Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd) have on material properties, and thus, a series of nano-PIEs with different metals were derived from this isoreticular MOF series. Trends in ionization efficiency were studied as a function of ionization potential, volatility, and work function of the framework metals to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of analyte ionization. This study finds a correlation between the analyte ionization efficiency and nano-PIE framework metal volatility that is attributed to its tunable thermal stability and degradation behavior.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1944-8252
ISSN (online)	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.3c09902
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Article: The effects of pelleted dried distillers grains and solubles fed with different forage concentrations on rumen fermentation, feeding behavior, and milk production of lactating dairy cows

Krogstad, K.C / Herrick, K.J / Morris, D.L / Hanford, K.J / Kononoff, P.J

American Dairy Science Association Journal of dairy science. 2021 June, v. 104, no. 6

2021

Abstract	The physical form of feeds can influence dairy cow chewing behavior, rumen characteristics, and ruminal passage rate. Changing particle size of feeds is usually done through grinding or chopping forages, but pelleting feed ingredients also changes particle size. Our objective was to determine if pelleted dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS) affected the feeding value for lactating dairy cattle. Seven lactating Jersey cows that were each fitted with a ruminal cannula averaging (± standard deviation) 56 ± 10.3 d in milk and 462 ± 75.3 kg were used in a crossover design. The treatments contained 15% DDGS in either meal or pelleted form with 45% or 55% forage on a dry matter basis. The forages were alfalfa hay, corn silage, and wheat straw. The factorial treatment arrangement was meal DDGS and low forage (mDDGS-LF), pelleted DDGS and low forage (pDDGS-LF), meal DDGS and high forage (mDDGS-HF), and pelleted DDGS and high forage (pDDGS-HF). Dry matter intake and energy-corrected milk were both unaffected by treatment averaging 19.8 ± 2.10 kg/d and 33.9 ± 1.02 kg/d, respectively. Fat yield was unaffected averaging 1.7 ± 0.13 kg/d, but protein yield was affected by the interaction of forage and DDGS. Protein yield was similar for both low forage treatments but was increased by when pDDGS was fed in the high forage treatment (1.05 vs. 0.99 ± 0.035 kg/d). When forage concentration was increased, starch digestibility increased by 1.9 percentage units, crude protein digestibility tended to increase 1.1 percentage units, and residual organic matter digestibility decreased 3.4 percentage units. Pelleting DDGS increased digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (49.2 vs. 47.5 ± 1.85%) and gross energy (68.2 vs. 67.1 ± 1.18%). Increasing forage increased ruminal pH (5.85 to 5.94 ± 0.052). Passage rate slowed from 2.84 to 2.65 ± 0.205 %/h when feeding HF compared with LF. Rumination time increased from 417 to 454 ± 49.4 min with increasing forage concentration but was unaffected by the form of DDGS or the interaction of forage and DDGS. Eating time increased with pDDGS (235 vs. 209 ± 19.8 min), which may be a result of increased feed sorting behavior. Pelleting DDGS increased preference for particles retained on the 8-mm sieve and decreased preference for particles on the 1.18-mm sieve and in the pan (<1.18 mm). Results confirm that increasing forage concentration increases ruminal pH, rumination time, and slows passage rate, but contrary to our hypothesis increasing forage concentration did not increase NDF digestibility. Results also suggest that pelleted DDGS do not appear to affect milk production, ruminal characteristics, or passage rate, but pelleted DDGS may increase sorting behavior of lactating Jersey cows and increase NDF and gross energy digestibility.
Keywords	Jersey ; alfalfa hay ; corn silage ; cross-over studies ; crude protein ; dairy cows ; dairy science ; digestibility ; digestible carbohydrates ; digestible energy ; digestible organic matter ; digestible protein ; dry matter intake ; energy ; fermentation ; milk ; milk production ; neutral detergent fiber ; pH ; particle size ; rumination ; standard deviation ; wheat straw
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Size	p. 6633-6645.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2020-19592
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Use of 30-hour in vitro neutral-detergent-fiber digestibility of feedstuffs in dairy ration-formulation software: Evaluation of predictions for milk and methane production in lactating dairy cows

Krogstad, K.C / Morris, D.L / Kononoff, P.J

Applied animal science. 2020 Dec., v. 36, no. 6

2020

Abstract: Our objective was to determine whether the use of 30-h in vitro NDF digestibility (NDFD30) of fibrous ingredients included in rations fed to lactating dairy cattle improves the accuracy of milk and CH₄ production predictions from the Cornell Net ... ...

Abstract	Our objective was to determine whether the use of 30-h in vitro NDF digestibility (NDFD30) of fibrous ingredients included in rations fed to lactating dairy cattle improves the accuracy of milk and CH₄ production predictions from the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS, v. 6.5).Animal performance from 8 energy-balance studies were compiled into a database along with the treatments fed during those studies. Observed animal performance was compared with milk and CH₄ predictions from CNCPS (v. 6.5) when using CNCPS feed library NDF rate of digestion (kd) values or when using NDF kd calculated from NDFD30. The in vitro analysis was conducted according to Goering and Van Soest (1970), and ash-free, α-amylase-treated NDF of the residue was determined according to methods outlined by Mertens (2002).Predictions of milk production were poorer with use of NDFD30, the concordance correlation coefficient decreased from 0.87 to 0.82 and mean bias increased −0.23 to 1.30 kg. Methane production predictions were unaffected with use of NDFD30. The concordance correlation coefficient increased from 0.33 to 0.38, but slope and mean bias were similar. These results indicate that including NDFD30 to estimate the kd of NDF may not improve ME allowable milk or CH₄ production predictions when using the CNCPS ration model.Our results suggest that milk production predictions from CNCPS (v. 6.5) are reliable but CH₄ predictions can be improved. Including NDFD30 did not provide additional value to ration formulation because it did not improve milk or CH₄ production predictions. The next steps should evaluate including more time points, such as 30, 120, and 240 h in vitro, to determine whether altering the total pool of potentially digestible NDF and the rate of NDF digestion would improve predictions from CNCPS.
Keywords	accuracy ; animal performance ; bias ; carbohydrates ; computer software ; correlation ; dairy cows ; databases ; digestibility ; digestion ; energy balance ; feeds ; ingredients ; lactating females ; methane production ; milk ; milk production ; neutral detergent fiber ; prediction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 830-838.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ISSN	2590-2865
DOI	10.15232/aas.2020-02052
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of reticuloruminal temperature for the prediction of clinical mastitis in dairy cows challenged with Streptococcus uberis.

Rodriguez, Zelmar / Kolar, Quinn K / Krogstad, Kirby C / Swartz, Turner H / Yoon, Ilkyu / Bradford, Barry J / Ruegg, Pamela L

Journal of dairy science

2022 Volume 106, Issue 2, Page(s) 1360–1369

Abstract: ... Holstein cows without a history of CM in the 60 d before the experiment (n = 37, parity 1 to 5, ≥120 d ...

Abstract	Automated monitoring devices have become increasingly utilized in the dairy industry, especially for monitoring or predicting disease status. While multiple automated monitoring devices have been developed for the prediction of clinical mastitis (CM), limitations in performance or applicability remain. The aims of this study were to (1) detect variations in reticuloruminal temperature (RRT) relative to an experimental intramammary challenge with Streptococcus uberis and (2) evaluate alerts generated automatically based on variation in RRT to predict initial signs of CM in the challenged cows based on severity of clinical signs and the concentration of bacteria (cfu/mL) in the infected quarter separately. Clinically healthy Holstein cows without a history of CM in the 60 d before the experiment (n = 37, parity 1 to 5, ≥120 d in milk) were included if they were microbiologically negative and had a somatic cell count under 200,000 cells/mL based on screening of quarter milk samples 1 wk before challenge. Each cow received an intra-reticuloruminal automated monitoring device before the trial and was challenged with 2,000 cfu of Strep. uberis 0140J in 1 rear quarter. Based on interrupted time series analysis, intramammary challenge with Strep. uberis increased RRT by 0.54°C [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41, 0.66] at 24 h after the challenge, which remained elevated until the end of the study. Alerts based on RRT correctly classified 78.3% (95% CI: 65.8, 87.9) of first occurrences of CM at least 24 h in advance, with a sensitivity of 70.0% (95% CI: 50.6, 85.3) and a specificity of 86.7% (95% CI: 69.3, 96.2). The accuracy of CM for a given severity score was 90.9% (95% CI: 70.8, 98.9) for mild cases, 85.2% (95% CI: 72.9, 93.4) for moderate cases, and 92.9% (95% CI: 66.1, 99.8) for severe cases. Test characteristics of the RRT alerts to predict initial signs of CM improved substantially after bacterial count in the challenged quarter reached 5.0 log
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Lactation ; Temperature ; Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections/microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections/veterinary ; Milk/microbiology ; Cattle Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2022-22421
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Article ; Online: Unconventional short-range structural fluctuations in cuprate superconductors.

Pelc, D / Spieker, R J / Anderson, Z W / Krogstad, M J / Biniskos, N / Bielinski, N G / Yu, B / Sasagawa, T / Chauviere, L / Dosanjh, P / Liang, R / Bonn, D A / Damascelli, A / Chi, S / Liu, Y / Osborn, R / Greven, M

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 20483

Abstract: The interplay between structural and electronic degrees of freedom in complex materials is the subject of extensive debate in physics and materials science. Particularly interesting questions pertain to the nature and extent of pre-transitional short- ... ...

Abstract	The interplay between structural and electronic degrees of freedom in complex materials is the subject of extensive debate in physics and materials science. Particularly interesting questions pertain to the nature and extent of pre-transitional short-range order in diverse systems ranging from shape-memory alloys to unconventional superconductors, and how this microstructure affects macroscopic properties. Here we use neutron and X-ray diffuse scattering to uncover universal structural fluctuations in La
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-22150-y
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Book ; Online: Two-Dimensional Short-Range Chemical Ordering in Ba1-xNaxFe2As2

Stadel, R. / DeRose, R. / Taddei, K. M. / Krogstad, M. J. / Upreti, P. / Islam, Z. / Phelan, D. / Chung, D. Y. / Osborn, R. / Rosenkranz, S. / Chmaissem, O.

2023

Abstract: A true understanding of the properties of pnictide superconductors require the development of high-quality materials and performing measurements designed to unravel their intrinsic properties and short-range nematic correlations which are often obscured ... ...

Abstract	A true understanding of the properties of pnictide superconductors require the development of high-quality materials and performing measurements designed to unravel their intrinsic properties and short-range nematic correlations which are often obscured by extrinsic effects such as poor crystallinity, inhomogeneity, domain formation and twinning. In this paper, we report the systematic growth of high-quality Na-substituted BaFe2As2 single crystals and their characterization using pulsed-magnetic fields x-ray diffraction and x-ray diffuse scattering. Analysis of the properties and compositions of the highest quality crystals show that their actual Na stoichiometry is about 50-60% of the nominal content and that the targeted production of crystals with specific compositions is accessible. We derived a reliable equation to estimate the Na stoichiometry based on the measured superconducting TC of these materials. Attempting to force spin reorientation and induce tetragonality, orthorhombic Ba1-xNaxFe2As2 single crystals subjected to out-of-plane magnetic fields up to 31.4T are found to exhibit strong in-plane magnetic anisotropy demonstrated by the insufficiency of such high fields in manipulating the relative population of their twinned domains or in suppressing the orthorhombic order. Broad x-ray diffuse intensity rods observed at temperatures between 30 K and 300 K uncover short-range structural correlations. Local structure modeling together with 3D-{\Delta}PDF mapping of real-space interatomic vectors show that the diffuse scattering arises from in-plane short-range chemical correlations of the Ba and Na atoms coupled with short-range atomic displacements within the same plane due to an effective size difference between the two atomic species.
Keywords	Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ; Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Subject code	530
Publishing date	2023-04-16
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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