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Article ; Online: Environmental significance of trace elements in the Athabasca Bituminous Sands: facts and misconceptions.

Shotyk, William

Environmental science. Processes & impacts

2022 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 1279–1302

Abstract: The bituminous sands of Alberta, Canada, represent the second largest reserves of hydrocarbons on earth. Open pit bitumen mining and upgrading of the Athabasca Bituminous Sands (ABS), the largest of the deposits, began in 1967. Concerns about fugitive ... ...

Abstract	The bituminous sands of Alberta, Canada, represent the second largest reserves of hydrocarbons on earth. Open pit bitumen mining and upgrading of the Athabasca Bituminous Sands (ABS), the largest of the deposits, began in 1967. Concerns about fugitive release of trace elements (TEs) to the environment began with studies of V, as this is the most abundant trace metal in bitumen. Recent studies, however, have extended to Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Tl, and this has led to considerable confusion about which TEs are relevant to ecosystem health. While V along with Ni, Mo, Se and Re are enriched in bitumen, Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb and Tl are found almost exclusively in the mineral (
MeSH term(s)	Alberta ; Animals ; Cadmium ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fishes ; Hydrocarbons ; Lead ; Oil and Gas Fields ; Rats ; Sand ; Soil ; Trace Elements/analysis ; Water
Chemical Substances	Hydrocarbons ; Sand ; Soil ; Trace Elements ; Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Lead (2P299V784P) ; asphalt (8052-42-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703814-2
ISSN	2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
ISSN (online)	2050-7895
ISSN	2050-7887
DOI	10.1039/d2em00049k
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Article: Environmental significance of trace elements in the Athabasca Bituminous Sands: facts and misconceptions

Shotyk, William

Environmental science. 2022 Sept. 21, v. 24, no. 9

2022

Abstract	The bituminous sands of Alberta, Canada, represent the second largest reserves of hydrocarbons on earth. Open pit bitumen mining and upgrading of the Athabasca Bituminous Sands (ABS), the largest of the deposits, began in 1967. Concerns about fugitive release of trace elements (TEs) to the environment began with studies of V, as this is the most abundant trace metal in bitumen. Recent studies, however, have extended to Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Tl, and this has led to considerable confusion about which TEs are relevant to ecosystem health. While V along with Ni, Mo, Se and Re are enriched in bitumen, Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb and Tl are found almost exclusively in the mineral (i.e. sand) fraction of the ABS, with limited opportunity to become bioaccessible, much less bioavailable. Here, a summary is given of ten misunderstandings that have arisen regarding TEs in the environment of the ABS region. To help illustrate the significance of the misconceptions that have arisen regarding (a) air and (b) water resources, published and unpublished TE data obtained from the metal-free, ultraclean SWAMP lab is presented for: (a) snow, moss, and peat cores from bogs, and (b) the dissolved, particulate, and colloidal fractions of water from the Athabasca River (AR), as well as pristine groundwater. Natural enrichments of Ni in plants such as Rat Root (Acorus calamus) and pine (Pinus banksiana), Tl in fish (Percopsis omiscomaycus) and Cd in cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccus), Labrador Tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum) and beaver (Castor canadensis), are also presented.
Keywords	Acorus calamus ; Castor canadensis ; Percopsis ; Pinus banksiana ; Rhododendron groenlandicum ; Vaccinium oxycoccos ; air ; bioavailability ; bitumen ; environmental health ; environmental science ; fish ; groundwater ; mosses and liverworts ; peat ; rats ; rivers ; sand ; snow ; trace elements ; Alberta
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0921
Size	p. 1279-1302.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2703814-2
ISSN	2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
ISSN (online)	2050-7895
ISSN	2050-7887
DOI	10.1039/d2em00049k
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Article ; Online: Resolving Uncertainties in the Quantification of Trace Elements within Organic-Rich Boreal Rivers for AF4-UV-ICP-MS Analysis.

Wang, Yu / Cuss, Chad W / Pei, Lei / Shotyk, William

Analytical chemistry

2024

Abstract: Over the past few decades, asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) has emerged as a robust technique for the separation of colloid-associated trace elements (TEs) in aqueous samples. Nevertheless, little is known about potential artifacts and how ... ...

Abstract	Over the past few decades, asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) has emerged as a robust technique for the separation of colloid-associated trace elements (TEs) in aqueous samples. Nevertheless, little is known about potential artifacts and how to control them when measuring the concentrations of colloid-associated elements at low (μg L
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1508-8
ISSN	1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
ISSN (online)	1520-6882
ISSN	0003-2700
DOI	10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05198
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Article ; Online: Biogeochemistry: Arctic plants take up mercury vapour.

Shotyk, William

Nature

2017 Volume 547, Issue 7662, Page(s) 167–168

Language	English
Publishing date	2017--12
Publishing country	England
Document type	News ; Comment
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/547167a
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Article: Trace elements in wild berries from reclaimed lands: Biomonitors of contamination by atmospheric dust

Shotyk, William

Ecological indicators. 2020 Mar., v. 110

2020

Abstract: Wild berries (bearberry, blueberry, cranberry, dogwood, gooseberry, pin cherry, raspberry and rose hips) collected from lands reclaimed after open-pit bitumen mining, were analyzed for a wide range of trace elements (TEs) using ICP-QMS. The range in Al ... ...

Abstract	Wild berries (bearberry, blueberry, cranberry, dogwood, gooseberry, pin cherry, raspberry and rose hips) collected from lands reclaimed after open-pit bitumen mining, were analyzed for a wide range of trace elements (TEs) using ICP-QMS. The range in Al concentrations (8–247 mg/kg) indicates that the dust contents of the berries are highly variable; this is seen also with other conservative, lithophile elements. Comparing TE concentrations with those of Al reveals two main types of geochemical behaviours: TEs which vary almost exclusively with dust inputs, and TEs which are largely independent of them. Micronutrients such as Cu, Zn, Ni and Mo are unaffected by dust; these elements are dominated by plant uptake from the substrate. Potentially toxic light metals are either dominated by dust inputs (Li) or independent of them (Be). The same is true of potentially toxic heavy metals: Pb is strongly correlated with Al (r = 0.901, n = 31) whereas Tl is not (r = 0.329, n = 19). In respect to elements enriched in bitumen (V, Ni and Mo), V in the berries is proportional to Al (r = 0.969, n = 31) whereas Ni and Mo are not (r = 0.040 and 0.027, respectively; n = 31); their concentrations in the berries are dictated by root uptake. Comparing the Pb/Y and V/Y ratios to the corresponding values for the Upper Continental Crust shows that neither element is enriched in the berries. Data for berries from remote locations and commercial growers help to place the results obtained from reclaimed lands into perspective. For example, the greatest concentrations of Mn, Cd, Ni and Mo, were found in berries from rural and remote locations.
Keywords	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ; Prunus pensylvanica ; bitumen ; blueberries ; cranberries ; dust ; gooseberries ; indicator species ; raspberries ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-03
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2036774-0
ISSN	1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
ISSN (online)	1872-7034
ISSN	1470-160X
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105960
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Article ; Online: Trace metals in soils of the bituminous sands mining region of Alberta: A critical, geochemical perspective on the study by Boutin and Carpenter (2017).

Shotyk, William

The Science of the total environment

2017 Volume 618, Page(s) 866–869

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.233
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Article ; Online: Size-resolved distribution of trace elements in lysimeter soil solutions under contrasting long-term agricultural management to assess their bioavailability.

Du, Lina / Cuss, Chad W / Dyck, Miles / Noernberg, Tommy / Shotyk, William

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 924, Page(s) 171590

Abstract: The chemical species of trace elements (TEs) in agricultural soils is highly variable under diverse conditions, requiring tools with clear resolution and minimal disturbance for exploration. A novel surgical (316L) stainless steel (SS) lysimeter with a 5 ...

Abstract	The chemical species of trace elements (TEs) in agricultural soils is highly variable under diverse conditions, requiring tools with clear resolution and minimal disturbance for exploration. A novel surgical (316L) stainless steel (SS) lysimeter with a 5 μm pore size was developed to collect field soil solutions. The size-resolved distribution of TEs were characterized into total (nitric acid digestion), particulate (0.45-5 μm), dissolved (<0.45 μm), colloidal (1 kDa to 0.45 μm), and mainly ionic (<1 kDa) fractions in the lysimeter soil solutions. Total concentrations of TEs (dry weight basis) in acid digested Gray Luvisolic soils were analyzed. Most TEs in lysimeter soil solutions were present in particulate phases, relevant to their geochemical affinities and occurrences in soil minerals. Among dissolved fractions, As, Ba, Co, Li, Mn, Tl, and V existed as mainly ionic species in the soil solutions. Copper, Pb, Al, Th, and U showed variable associations with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and/or inorganic colloids among agricultural treatments. Inorganic NPKS or NKS fertilizer applications with lower pH (5.25-5.74) enhanced mobility and potential bioavailability of Ba, Co, Li, Mn, and Pb present in mainly ionic species, compared with other locations (pH 5.82-6.37). Manure application exhibited a dual effect, potentially increasing bioavailability for As, Tl, and V due to probably enhanced cation exchange capacity (CEC), while also facilitating specific adsorption of Cu and U on DOM, potentially reducing their bioavailability depending on DOM molecular weight. Colloidal and ionic Al and Th concentrations were higher in forest soils than agricultural soils, with extremely low potential bioavailability of Th attributed to strong precipitation with inorganic colloids and adsorption on DOM. The lysimeter sampling and size fractionation method provided a clear insight into agricultural effects on TE distributions and enhancing understanding of agricultural soil health in terms of TE bioavailability in situ.
MeSH term(s)	Trace Elements/analysis ; Soil/chemistry ; Biological Availability ; Lead ; Minerals ; Colloids/chemistry ; Soil Pollutants/analysis
Chemical Substances	Trace Elements ; Soil ; Lead (2P299V784P) ; Minerals ; Colloids ; Soil Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171590
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Article: Metal-free sampling methods for dust, rainwater, surface water, plants, and sediments: A selection of unique tools from the SWAMP laboratory.

Noernberg, Tommy / Bujaczek, Taylor / Cuss, Chad W / Shotyk, William

MethodsX

2023 Volume 12, Page(s) 102521

Abstract: Contamination control remains one of the greatest challenges for the reliable determination of many trace elements in environmental samples. Here we describe a series of metal-free sampling devices and tools designed and constructed specifically to ... ...

Abstract	Contamination control remains one of the greatest challenges for the reliable determination of many trace elements in environmental samples. Here we describe a series of metal-free sampling devices and tools designed and constructed specifically to minimize the risk of contamination by trace elements during sampling of dust, rainwater, surface water, plants, and sediments. Plastic components fabricated using 3-D printing include polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) and PC with carbon fibre. When additional strength is needed (e.g. supporting structural components), carbon fibre, aluminum (Al), or 316 stainless steel (SS) is used. Other plastics employed include acrylic and vinyl. Epoxy glue or SS may be used for joining components, but do not come into contact with the samples. Ceramic (zirconium dioxide) cutting blades are used where needed. Each plastic material was evaluated for contaminant trace elements by leaching with high purity nitric acid in the metal-free, ultraclean SWAMP laboratory. The devices were tested in the field to evaluate their performance and durability. When combined with appropriate cleaning procedures, the equipment enables ultraclean collection for trace element analysis of environmental media.•Plastic sampling devices were designed and constructed using 3D printing of PLA, PET, PETG or PP.•Leaching characteristics of plastic components were evaluated using high purity nitric acid in a metal-free, ultraclean laboratory.•Each sampling device was successfully field-tested in industrial settings (near open pit bitumen mines and upgraders), and in remote locations of northern Alberta, Canada.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2830212-6
ISSN	2215-0161
ISSN	2215-0161
DOI	10.1016/j.mex.2023.102521
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Article: Mechanistic examination of thallium and potassium interactions in Daphnia magna.

Nagel, Andrew / Cuss, Chad W / Goss, Greg G / Shotyk, William / Glover, Chris N

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP

2023 Volume 271, Page(s) 109686

Abstract: The trace element thallium (Tl) exerts its toxic effects, at least in part, through its mimicry of potassium ( ... ...

Abstract	The trace element thallium (Tl) exerts its toxic effects, at least in part, through its mimicry of potassium (K
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Thallium/toxicity ; Potassium ; Daphnia ; Rubidium/pharmacology ; Water
Chemical Substances	Thallium (AD84R52XLF) ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D) ; Rubidium (MLT4718TJW) ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189285-x
ISSN	1532-0456 ; 0306-4492 ; 0742-8413
ISSN	1532-0456 ; 0306-4492 ; 0742-8413
DOI	10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109686
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Article ; Online: Accumulation of Thallium in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Following Acute and Subchronic Waterborne Exposure.

Nagel, Andrew / Cuss, Chad W / Goss, Greg G / Shotyk, William / Glover, Chris N

Environmental toxicology and chemistry

2023 Volume 42, Issue 7, Page(s) 1553–1563

Abstract: The accumulation and tissue distribution of toxicants in aquatic biota can be determinative of their toxic impact to both exposed organisms and their potential human consumers. In the present study, accumulation of the trace metal thallium (Tl) in gill, ... ...

Abstract	The accumulation and tissue distribution of toxicants in aquatic biota can be determinative of their toxic impact to both exposed organisms and their potential human consumers. In the present study, accumulation of the trace metal thallium (Tl) in gill, muscle, plasma, and otoliths of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following acute (96-h) and subchronic (28-day) waterborne exposures was investigated. Owing to known interactions between Tl and potassium ions (K
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Oncorhynchus mykiss/physiology ; Thallium/toxicity ; Gills ; Diet ; Trace Elements ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Thallium (AD84R52XLF) ; Trace Elements ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	46234-2
ISSN	1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
ISSN	0730-7268
DOI	10.1002/etc.5637
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