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Article ; Online: PCR Array Profiling of miRNA Expression Involved in the Differentiation of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells toward Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells.

Iordache, Florin / Petcu, Adriana Ionescu / Pisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena / Stanca, Loredana / Geicu, Ovidiu Ionut / Bilteanu, Liviu / Curuțiu, Carmen / Amuzescu, Bogdan / Serban, Andreea Iren

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 25, Issue 1

Abstract: Differentiation of amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) into multiple lineages is controlled by epigenetic modifications, which include DNA methylation, modifications of histones, and the activity of small noncoding RNAs. The present study investigates the ... ...

Abstract	Differentiation of amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) into multiple lineages is controlled by epigenetic modifications, which include DNA methylation, modifications of histones, and the activity of small noncoding RNAs. The present study investigates the role of miRNAs in the differentiation of AFSCs and addresses how their unique signatures contribute to lineage-specific differentiation. The miRNA profile was assessed in AFSCs after 4 weeks of endothelial and muscular differentiation. Our results showed decreased expression of five miRNAs (miR-18a-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-137, miR-21-5p, and let-7a) and increased expression of twelve miRNAs (miR-134-5p, miR-103a-3p, let-7i-5p, miR-214-3p, let-7c-5p, miR-129-5p, miR-210-3p, let-7d-5p, miR-375, miR-181-5p, miR-125a-5p, and hsa-let-7e-5p) in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) compared with undifferentiated AFSCs. AFSC differentiation into smooth muscle revealed notable changes in nine out of the 84 tested miRNAs. Among these, three miRNAs (miR-18a-5p, miR-137, and sa-miR-21-5p) were downregulated, while six miRNAs (miR-155-5p, miR-20a-5p, let-7i-5p, hsa-miR-134-5p, hsa-miR-214-3p, and hsa-miR-375) exhibited upregulation. Insights from miRNA networks promise future advancements in understanding and manipulating endothelial and muscle cell dynamics. This knowledge has the potential to drive innovation in areas like homeostasis, growth, differentiation, and vascular function, leading to breakthroughs in biomedical applications and therapies.
MeSH term(s)	Amniotic Fluid ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Muscle, Smooth ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25010302
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Comprehensive and critical view on the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role of natural phenolic antioxidants.

Pisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena / Iordache, Florin / Stanca, Loredana / Cimpeanu, Carmen / Furnaris, Florin / Geicu, Ovidiu Ionut / Bilteanu, Liviu / Serban, Andreea Iren

European journal of medicinal chemistry

2023 Volume 265, Page(s) 116075

Abstract: The immune response encompasses innate and adaptive immunity, each with distinct and specific activities. The innate immune system is constituted by phagocytic cells, macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils, the cascade system, and different classes of ... ...

Abstract	The immune response encompasses innate and adaptive immunity, each with distinct and specific activities. The innate immune system is constituted by phagocytic cells, macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils, the cascade system, and different classes of receptors such as toll-like receptors that are exploited by the innate immune cells. The adaptive immune system is antigen-specific, encompassing memory lymphocytes and the corresponding specific receptors. Inflammation is understood as an activation of different signaling pathways such as toll-like receptors or nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, with an increase in nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Increased oxidative stress has been identified as main source of chronic inflammation. Phenolic antioxidants modulate the activities of lymphocytes and macrophages by impacting cytokines and nitric oxide release, exerting anti-inflammatory effect. The nuclear-factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are targeted, alongside an increase in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor mediated antioxidant response, triggering the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The inhibitive potential on phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase in the arachidonic acid pathway, and the subsequent reduction in prostaglandin and leukotriene generation, reveals the potential of phenolics as inflammation antagonists. The immunomodulative potential encompasses the capacity to interfere with proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and with the expression of the corresponding genes. A diet rich in antioxidants can result in prevention of inflammation-related pathologies. More investigations are necessary to establish the role of these antioxidants in therapy. The appropriate delivery system and the prooxidant effects exhibited at large doses, or in the presence of heavy metal cations should be regarded.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Immunity ; Lipopolysaccharides
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; NF-kappa B ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Cytokines ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Lipopolysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-21
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	188597-2
ISSN	1768-3254 ; 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
ISSN (online)	1768-3254
ISSN	0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116075
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Article ; Online: Comparative sulfite assay by voltammetry using Pt electrodes, photometry and titrimetry

Pisoschi Aurelia Magdalena / Pop Aneta

Open Chemistry, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1248-

Application to cider, vinegar and sugar analysis

2018 Volume 1256

Abstract: Sulfite is a widely applied preservation agent, against oxidative decay in foodstuffs and beverages. Among the analytical methods applied, electrochemical techniques exploit its facility to undergo oxidation. This paper aims at the comparative ... ...

Abstract	Sulfite is a widely applied preservation agent, against oxidative decay in foodstuffs and beverages. Among the analytical methods applied, electrochemical techniques exploit its facility to undergo oxidation. This paper aims at the comparative investigation of the performances exhibited by three analytical methodologies: cyclic voltammetry at different Pt working electrodes, the volumetric method employing sodium thiosulfate as titrating agent and the photocolorimetric method relying on the reduction of Fe3+-orthophenanthroline complex by sulfite. The cyclic voltammetric assay was performed at Pt strip and Pt ring electrodes, by linearly sweeping the potential between -100 and 1,500 mV. The linear range corresponded to 7.5 mg L-1 – 4.0 g L-1 for Pt strip working electrode and to 15.5 mg L-1 – 4.0 g L-1 for Pt ring working electrode. Relative standard deviations smaller than 3% showed repeatability. RSD values smaller than 3% were also obtained in the photometric assay, but the latter was characterised by a narrower linear range. The Pt strip electrode allowed wider linear range and lower sensitivity, whereas the Pt ring electrode with Ag/AgCl reference in the same unit was characterised by better repeatability. Applications involved sulfite assay in vinegar, brown sugar and cider samples with consistency between cyclic voltammetry and titrimetry.
Keywords	Sulfite food assay ; cyclic voltammetry ; Platinum electrodes ; orthophenanthroline photometry ; thiosulfate titrimetry ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	De Gruyter
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Composition-Based Risk Estimation of Mycotoxins in Dry Dog Foods.

Geicu, Ovidiu Ionut / Bilteanu, Liviu / Stanca, Loredana / Ionescu Petcu, Adriana / Iordache, Florin / Pisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena / Serban, Andreea Iren

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: The risk of mycotoxins co-occurrence in extrusion-produced dry foods increases due to their composition based on various grains and vegetables. This study aimed to validate a risk estimation for the association between ingredients and the ELISA-detected ... ...

Abstract	The risk of mycotoxins co-occurrence in extrusion-produced dry foods increases due to their composition based on various grains and vegetables. This study aimed to validate a risk estimation for the association between ingredients and the ELISA-detected levels of DON, FUM, ZEA, AFs, T2, and OTA in 34 dry dog food products. The main ingredients were corn, beet, and oil of different origins (of equal frequency, 79.41%), rice (67.6%), and wheat (50%). DON and FUM had the strongest positive correlation (0.635, p = 0.001). The presence of corn in the sample composition increased the median DON and ZEA levels, respectively, by 99.45 μg/kg and 65.64 μg/kg, p = 0.011. In addition to DON and ZEA levels, integral corn presence increased the FUM median levels by 886.61 μg/kg, p = 0.005. For corn gluten flour-containing samples, DON, FUM, and ZEA median differences still existed, and OTA levels also differed by 1.99 μg/kg, p < 0.001. Corn gluten flour presence was strongly associated with DON levels > 403.06 μg/kg (OR = 38.4, RR = 9.90, p = 0.002), FUM levels > 1097.56 μg/kg (OR = 5.56, RR = 1.45, p = 0.048), ZEA levels > 136.88 μg/kg (OR = 23.00, RR = 3.09, p = 0.002), and OTA levels > 3.93 μg/kg (OR = 24.00, RR = 3.09, p = 0.002). Our results suggest that some ingredients or combinations should be avoided due to their risk of increasing mycotoxin levels.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods12010110
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Article: Multivariate Risk Analysis of RAS, BRAF and EGFR Mutations Allelic Frequency and Coexistence as Colorectal Cancer Predictive Biomarkers.

Ionescu, Adriana / Bilteanu, Liviu / Geicu, Ovidiu Ionut / Iordache, Florin / Stanca, Loredana / Pisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena / Miron, Adrian / Serban, Andreea Iren / Calu, Valentin

Cancers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 11

Abstract: Background: Biomarker profiles should represent a coherent description of the colorectal cancer (CRC) stage and its predicted evolution.: Methods: Using droplet digital PCR, we detected the allelic frequencies (AF) of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and EGFR ... ...

Abstract	Background: Biomarker profiles should represent a coherent description of the colorectal cancer (CRC) stage and its predicted evolution. Methods: Using droplet digital PCR, we detected the allelic frequencies (AF) of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and EGFR mutations from 60 tumors. We employed a pair-wise association approach to estimate the risk involving AF mutations as outcome variables for clinical data and as predicting variables for tumor-staging. We evaluated correlations between mutations of AFs and also between the mutations and histopathology features (tumor staging, inflammation, differentiation, and invasiveness). Results: KRAS G12/G13 mutations were present in all patients. KRAS Q61 was significantly associated with poor differentiation, high desmoplastic reaction, invasiveness (ypT4), and metastasis (ypM1). NRAS and BRAF were associated with the right-side localization of tumors. Diabetic patients had a higher risk to exhibit NRAS G12/G13 mutations. BRAF and NRAS G12/G13 mutations co-existed in tumors with invasiveness limited to the submucosa. Conclusions: The associations we found and the mutational AF we reported may help to understand disease processes and may be considered as potential CCR biomarker candidates. In addition, we propose representative mutation panels associated with specific clinical and histopathological features of CRC, as a unique opportunity to refine the degree of personalization of CRC treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers14112792
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Article ; Online: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy.

Pisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena / Pop, Aneta / Iordache, Florin / Stanca, Loredana / Geicu, Ovidiu Ionut / Bilteanu, Liviu / Serban, Andreea Iren

European journal of medicinal chemistry

2022 Volume 232, Page(s) 114175

Abstract: oxidative stress is caused by an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species, associated to a diminished capacity of the endogenous systems of the organism to counteract them. Activation of pro-oxidative pathways and boosting of inflammatory cytokines ...

Abstract	oxidative stress is caused by an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species, associated to a diminished capacity of the endogenous systems of the organism to counteract them. Activation of pro-oxidative pathways and boosting of inflammatory cytokines are always encountered in viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. So, the importance of counteracting cytokine storm in COVID-19 pathology is highly important, to hamper the immunogenic damage of the endothelium and alveolar membranes. Antioxidants prevent oxidative processes, by impeding radical species generation. It has been proved that vitamin intake lowers oxidative stress markers, alleviates cytokine storm and has a potential role in reducing disease severity, by lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines, hampering hyperinflammation and organ failure. For the approached compounds, direct antiviral roles are also discussed in this review, as these activities encompass secretion of antiviral peptides, modulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor expression and interaction with spike protein, inactivation of furin protease, or inhibition of pathogen replication by nucleic acid impairment induction. Vitamin administration results in beneficial effects. Nevertheless, timing, dosage and mutual influences of these micronutrients should be carefullly regarded.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vitamins/pharmacology ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antioxidants ; Vitamins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-04
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	188597-2
ISSN	1768-3254 ; 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
ISSN (online)	1768-3254
ISSN	0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114175
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Article ; Online: Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Roles of Nonvitamin Antioxidants in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapy.

Pisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena / Iordache, Florin / Stanca, Loredana / Gajaila, Iuliana / Ghimpeteanu, Oana Margarita / Geicu, Ovidiu Ionut / Bilteanu, Liviu / Serban, Andreea Iren

Journal of medicinal chemistry

2022 Volume 65, Issue 19, Page(s) 12562–12593

Abstract: Viral pathologies encompass activation of pro-oxidative pathways and inflammatory burst. Alleviating overproduction of reactive oxygen species and cytokine storm in COVID-19 is essential to counteract the immunogenic damage in endothelium and alveolar ... ...

Abstract	Viral pathologies encompass activation of pro-oxidative pathways and inflammatory burst. Alleviating overproduction of reactive oxygen species and cytokine storm in COVID-19 is essential to counteract the immunogenic damage in endothelium and alveolar membranes. Antioxidants alleviate oxidative stress, cytokine storm, hyperinflammation, and diminish the risk of organ failure. Direct antiviral roles imply: impact on viral spike protein, interference with the ACE2 receptor, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, transmembrane protease serine 2 or furin, and impact on of helicase, papain-like protease, 3-chyomotrypsin like protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Prooxidative environment favors conformational changes in the receptor binding domain, promoting the affinity of the spike protein for the host receptor. Viral pathologies imply a vicious cycle, oxidative stress promoting inflammatory responses, and vice versa. The same was noticed with respect to the relationship antioxidant impairment-viral replication. Timing, dosage, pro-oxidative activities, mutual influences, and interference with other antioxidants should be carefully regarded. Deficiency is linked to illness severity.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ; Furin ; Humans ; Papain ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Serine ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antioxidants ; Antiviral Agents ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Serine (452VLY9402) ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48) ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (EC 3.4.14.5) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Furin (EC 3.4.21.75) ; Papain (EC 3.4.22.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	218133-2
ISSN	1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
ISSN (online)	1520-4804
ISSN	0022-2623
DOI	10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01134
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Article ; Online: The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review.

Pisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena / Pop, Aneta

European journal of medicinal chemistry

2015 Volume 97, Page(s) 55–74

Abstract: This Review Article is focused on the action of the reactive oxygenated species in inducing oxidative injury of the lipid membrane components, as well as on the ability of antioxidants (of different structures and sources, and following different ... ...

Abstract	This Review Article is focused on the action of the reactive oxygenated species in inducing oxidative injury of the lipid membrane components, as well as on the ability of antioxidants (of different structures and sources, and following different mechanisms of action) in fighting against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is defined as an excessive production of reactive oxygenated species that cannot be counteracted by the action of antioxidants, but also as a perturbation of cell redox balance. Reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species are represented by superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl, alkoxyl and lipid peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Oxidative stress determines structure modifications and function modulation in nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Oxidative degradation of lipids yields malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, but also isoprostanes, from unsaturated fatty acids. Protein damage may occur with thiol oxidation, carbonylation, side-chain oxidation, fragmentation, unfolding and misfolding, resulting activity loss. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine is an index of DNA damage. The involvement of the reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species in disease occurrence is described. The unbalance between the oxidant species and the antioxidant defense system may trigger specific factors responsible for oxidative damage in the cell: over-expression of oncogene genes, generation of mutagen compounds, promotion of atherogenic activity, senile plaque occurrence or inflammation. This leads to cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases. The concept of antioxidant is defined, along with a discussion of the existent classification criteria: enzymatic and non-enzymatic, preventative or repair-systems, endogenous and exogenous, primary and secondary, hydrosoluble and liposoluble, natural or synthetic. Primary antioxidants are mainly chain breakers, able to scavenge radical species by hydrogen donation. Secondary antioxidants are singlet oxygen quenchers, peroxide decomposers, metal chelators, oxidative enzyme inhibitors or UV radiation absorbers. The specific mechanism of action of the most important representatives of each antioxidant class (endogenous and exogenous) in preventing or inhibiting particular factors leading to oxidative injury in the cell, is then reviewed. Mutual influences, including synergistic effects are presented and discussed. Prooxidative influences likely to occur, as for instance in the presence of transition metal ions, are also reminded.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Reactive Oxygen Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-05
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	188597-2
ISSN	1768-3254 ; 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
ISSN (online)	1768-3254
ISSN	0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.040
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Article ; Online: Composition-Based Risk Estimation of Mycotoxins in Dry Dog Foods

Geicu, Ovidiu Ionut / Bilteanu, Liviu / Stanca, Loredana / Ionescu Petcu, Adriana / Iordache, Florin / Pisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena / Serban, Andreea Iren

Foods. 2022 Dec. 25, v. 12, no. 1

2022

Abstract	The risk of mycotoxins co-occurrence in extrusion-produced dry foods increases due to their composition based on various grains and vegetables. This study aimed to validate a risk estimation for the association between ingredients and the ELISA-detected levels of DON, FUM, ZEA, AFs, T2, and OTA in 34 dry dog food products. The main ingredients were corn, beet, and oil of different origins (of equal frequency, 79.41%), rice (67.6%), and wheat (50%). DON and FUM had the strongest positive correlation (0.635, p = 0.001). The presence of corn in the sample composition increased the median DON and ZEA levels, respectively, by 99.45 μg/kg and 65.64 μg/kg, p = 0.011. In addition to DON and ZEA levels, integral corn presence increased the FUM median levels by 886.61 μg/kg, p = 0.005. For corn gluten flour-containing samples, DON, FUM, and ZEA median differences still existed, and OTA levels also differed by 1.99 μg/kg, p < 0.001. Corn gluten flour presence was strongly associated with DON levels > 403.06 μg/kg (OR = 38.4, RR = 9.90, p = 0.002), FUM levels > 1097.56 μg/kg (OR = 5.56, RR = 1.45, p = 0.048), ZEA levels > 136.88 μg/kg (OR = 23.00, RR = 3.09, p = 0.002), and OTA levels > 3.93 μg/kg (OR = 24.00, RR = 3.09, p = 0.002). Our results suggest that some ingredients or combinations should be avoided due to their risk of increasing mycotoxin levels.
Keywords	beets ; corn ; corn gluten ; dogs ; flour ; mycotoxins ; oils ; pet foods ; rice ; risk ; risk estimate ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1225
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods12010110
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants - An overview on their chemistry and influences on health status.

Pisoschi, Aurelia Magdalena / Pop, Aneta / Iordache, Florin / Stanca, Loredana / Predoi, Gabriel / Serban, Andreea Iren

European journal of medicinal chemistry

2020 Volume 209, Page(s) 112891

Abstract: The present review paper focuses on the chemistry of oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants. Oxidative stress is understood as a lack of balance between the pro-oxidant and the antioxidant species. Reactive oxygen species in limited amounts are ... ...

Abstract	The present review paper focuses on the chemistry of oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants. Oxidative stress is understood as a lack of balance between the pro-oxidant and the antioxidant species. Reactive oxygen species in limited amounts are necessary for cell homeostasis and redox signaling. Excessive reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species production, which counteracts the organism's defense systems, is known as oxidative stress. Sustained attack of endogenous and exogenous ROS results in conformational and oxidative alterations in key biomolecules. Chronic oxidative stress is associated with oxidative modifications occurring in key biomolecules: lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, carbonyl (aldehyde/ketone) adduct formation, nitration, sulfoxidation, DNA impairment such strand breaks or nucleobase oxidation. Oxidative stress is tightly linked to the development of cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease, eye disease. The deleterious action of reactive oxygenated species and their role in the onset and progression of pathologies are discussed. The results of oxidative attack become themselves sources of oxidative stress, becoming part of a vicious cycle that amplifies oxidative impairment. The term antioxidant refers to a compound that is able to impede or retard oxidation, acting at a lower concentration compared to that of the protected substrate. Antioxidant intervention against the radicalic lipid peroxidation can involve different mechanisms. Chain breaking antioxidants are called primary antioxidants, acting by scavenging radical species, converting them into more stable radicals or non-radical species. Secondary antioxidants quench singlet oxygen, decompose peroxides, chelate prooxidative metal ions, inhibit oxidative enzymes. Moreover, four reactivity-based lines of defense have been identified: preventative antioxidants, radical scavengers, repair antioxidants, and those relying on adaptation mechanisms. The specific mechanism of a series of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in particular aspects of oxidative stress, is detailed. The final section resumes critical conclusions regarding antioxidant supplementation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antioxidants/chemistry ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Eye Diseases/drug therapy ; Eye Diseases/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/diet therapy ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Vascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Vascular Diseases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Reactive Oxygen Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-30
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	188597-2
ISSN	1768-3254 ; 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
ISSN (online)	1768-3254
ISSN	0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112891
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