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  1. Article ; Online: Comments on respiratory toxicity of diacetyl [Re: Morgan, D. L., Flake, G. P., Kirby, P. J., and Palmer, S. M. (2008). Respiratory toxicity of diacetyl in C57Bl/6 mice. Toxicol. Sci. 103, 169-180].

    Finley, Brent L / Galbraith, David A / Weill, David

    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

    2008  Volume 105, Issue 2, Page(s) 429–32; author reply 433–4

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diacetyl/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flavoring Agents/toxicity ; Food Industry ; Inhalation Exposure ; Lung/drug effects ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Occupational Diseases/chemically induced ; Occupational Diseases/pathology ; Occupational Exposure ; Research Design ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology ; Risk Assessment ; Volatilization
    Chemical Substances Flavoring Agents ; Diacetyl (K324J5K4HM)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1420885-4
    ISSN 1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
    ISSN (online) 1096-0929
    ISSN 1096-6080
    DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn133
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Age determination of ODP Hole 145-887, supplementary data to: Galbraith, Eric D; Jaccard, Samuel L; Pedersen, Thomas F; Sigman, Daniel M; Haug, Gerald H; Cook, Mea S; Southon, John R; Francois, Roger (2007): Carbon dioxide release from the North Pacific abyss during the last deglaciation. Nature, 449(7164), 890-894

    Galbraith, Eric D / Cook, Mea S / Francois, Roger / Haug, Gerald H / Jaccard, Samuel L / Pedersen, Thomas F / Sigman, Daniel M / Southon, John R

    2007  

    Abstract: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly lower during glacial periods than during intervening interglacial periods, but the mechanisms responsible for this difference remain uncertain. Many recent explanations call on greater carbon ... ...

    Abstract Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly lower during glacial periods than during intervening interglacial periods, but the mechanisms responsible for this difference remain uncertain. Many recent explanations call on greater carbon storage in a poorly ventilated deep ocean during glacial periods (Trancois et al., 1997, doi:10.1038/40073; Toggweiler, 1999, doi:10.1029/1999PA900033; Stephens and Keeling, 2000, doi:10.1038/35004556; Marchitto et al., 2007, doi:10.1126/science.1138679; Sigman and Boyle, 2000, doi:10.1038/35038000), but direct evidence regarding the ventilation and respired carbon content of the glacial deep ocean is sparse and often equivocal (Broecker et al., 2004, doi:10.1126/science.1102293). Here we present sedimentary geochemical records from sites spanning the deep subarctic Pacific that -together with previously published results (Keigwin, 1998, doi:10.1029/98PA00874)- show that a poorly ventilated water mass containing a high concentration of respired carbon dioxide occupied the North Pacific abyss during the Last Glacial Maximum. Despite an inferred increase in deep Southern Ocean ventilation during the first step of the deglaciation (18,000-15,000 years ago) (Marchitto et al., 2007, doi:10.1126/science.1138679; Monnin et al., 2001, doi:10.1126/science.291.5501.112), we find no evidence for improved ventilation in the abyssal subarctic Pacific until a rapid transition ~14,600?years ago: this change was accompanied by an acceleration of export production from the surface waters above but only a small increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (Monnin et al., 2001, doi:10.1126/science.291.5501.112). We speculate that these changes were mechanistically linked to a roughly coeval increase in deep water formation in the North Atlantic (Robinson et al., 2005, doi:10.1126/science.1114832; Skinner nd Shackleton, 2004, doi:10.1029/2003PA000983; McManus et al., 2004, doi:10.1038/nature02494), which flushed respired carbon dioxide from northern abyssal waters, but also increased the supply of nutrients to the upper ocean, leading to greater carbon dioxide sequestration at mid-depths and stalling the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Our findings are qualitatively consistent with hypotheses invoking a deglacial flushing of respired carbon dioxide from an isolated, deep ocean reservoir periods (Trancois et al., 1997, doi:10.1038/40073; Toggweiler, 1999, doi:10.1029/1999PA900033; Stephens and Keeling, 2000, doi:10.1038/35004556; Marchitto et al., 2007, doi:10.1126/science.1138679; Sigman and Boyle, 2000, doi:10.1038/35038000; Boyle, 1988, doi:10.1038/331055a0), but suggest that the reservoir may have been released in stages, as vigorous deep water ventilation switched between North Atlantic and Southern Ocean source regions.
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2007-9999
    Size Online-Ressource
    Publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
    Publishing place Bremen/Bremerhaven
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note This dataset is supplement to doi:10.1038/nature06227
    DOI 10.1594/PANGAEA.769777
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  3. Article ; Online: A Safety and Effectiveness Evaluation of a Callus Softener Containing Potassium Hydroxide.

    Towle, Kevin M / Kozal, Jordan S / Galbraith, David A / Monnot, Andrew D

    Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

    2022  Volume 112, Issue 2

    Abstract: Background: Limited safety information has been described in the peer-reviewed literature for callus-softening products containing potassium hydroxide.: Methods: This pilot human use study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a commercially ... ...

    Abstract Background: Limited safety information has been described in the peer-reviewed literature for callus-softening products containing potassium hydroxide.
    Methods: This pilot human use study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a commercially available callus softener, containing less than 10% potassium hydroxide by weight. Baseline callused skin was scored (grade 1-4) on each study participant's feet (n = 10). Participants' feet were soaked and then a licensed manicurist applied a callus softener product to the right foot, which remained on callused skin for 3 to 5 minutes (no callus softener was applied to the participant's left foot). Both feet were then wiped with a wet towel, and a foot rasp was used to file the callused skin, beginning on the left foot. Callused skin was scored and participants' feet were evaluated by a physician immediately after use, 1 day after use, and 1 week after use for the presence or absence of skin irritation, adverse skin reactions, and chemical burns.
    Results: No adverse events were reported by study participants or the physician for all evaluation time points. Each participant's highest callus grade score on the treated foot either improved or remained the same following product use (compared to baseline). Mean callus grade scores were 1.75 at baseline, 1.55 immediately after use, 1.25 1 day after use, and 1.50 1 week after use.
    Conclusions: Results from this pilot study suggest that callus-softening products containing less than 10% potassium hydroxide are likely to be safe and effective products under intended use scenarios of 3- to 5-minute application times, as dictated by product label instructions.
    MeSH term(s) Callosities ; Humans ; Hydroxides ; Pilot Projects ; Potassium Compounds
    Chemical Substances Hydroxides ; Potassium Compounds ; potassium hydroxide (WZH3C48M4T)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632622-5
    ISSN 1930-8264 ; 0003-0538 ; 8750-7315
    ISSN (online) 1930-8264
    ISSN 0003-0538 ; 8750-7315
    DOI 10.7547/19-117
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Effects of a multistrain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on gastrointestinal permeability and biomarkers of inflammation during and following feed restriction in mid-lactation Holstein cows.

    Goetz, B M / Abeyta, M A / Rodriguez-Jimenez, S / Opgenorth, J / McGill, J L / Fensterseifer, S R / Arias, R P / Lange, A M / Galbraith, E A / Baumgard, L H

    Journal of dairy science

    2024  

    Abstract: Objectives were to evaluate the effects of a multistrain Bacillus-based (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus blend) direct-fed microbial (DFM) on production, metabolism, inflammation biomarkers and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability during and ... ...

    Abstract Objectives were to evaluate the effects of a multistrain Bacillus-based (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus blend) direct-fed microbial (DFM) on production, metabolism, inflammation biomarkers and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability during and following feed restriction (FR) in mid-lactation Holstein cows. Multiparous cows (n = 36; 138 ± 53 DIM) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) control (CON; 7.5 g/d rice hulls; n = 12), 2) DFM10 (10 g/d Bacillus DFM, 4.9 × 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 242499-x
    ISSN 1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
    ISSN (online) 1525-3198
    ISSN 0022-0302
    DOI 10.3168/jds.2023-24352
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Massive Trauma and Resuscitation Strategies.

    Galbraith, Carter M / Wagener, Brant M / Chalkias, Athanasios / Siddiqui, Shahla / Douin, David J

    Anesthesiology clinics

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 283–301

    Abstract: Massive trauma remains the leading cause of mortality among people aged younger than 45 years. In this review, we discuss the initial care and diagnosis of trauma patients followed by a comparison of resuscitation strategies. We discuss various ... ...

    Abstract Massive trauma remains the leading cause of mortality among people aged younger than 45 years. In this review, we discuss the initial care and diagnosis of trauma patients followed by a comparison of resuscitation strategies. We discuss various strategies including use of whole blood and component therapy, examine viscoelastic techniques for management of coagulopathy, and consider the benefits and limitations of the resuscitation strategies and consider a series of questions that will be important for researchers to answer to provide the best and most cost-effective therapy for severely injured patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Resuscitation ; Wounds and Injuries/mortality ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2228899-5
    ISSN 2210-3538 ; 1932-2275 ; 0889-8537
    ISSN (online) 2210-3538
    ISSN 1932-2275 ; 0889-8537
    DOI 10.1016/j.anclin.2022.10.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Psychological Distress After Fetal Diagnosis of Moderate-Severe Congenital Heart Disease.

    Mangin-Heimos, Kathryn S / Strube, Michael / Taylor, Kaylin / Galbraith, Kymberli / O'Brien, Erin / Rogers, Cynthia / Lee, Caroline K / Ortinau, Cynthia

    Journal of pediatric psychology

    2024  Volume 48, Issue 4, Page(s) 305–316

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to compare trajectories of maternal and paternal psychological distress after prenatal diagnosis of fetal moderate-severe congenital heart disease (CHD), from pregnancy through early-mid infancy.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare trajectories of maternal and paternal psychological distress after prenatal diagnosis of fetal moderate-severe congenital heart disease (CHD), from pregnancy through early-mid infancy.
    Methods: Pregnant women who received a prenatal diagnosis of fetal moderate-severe CHD, and their partners, were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study. Symptoms of psychological distress were measured twice during pregnancy and twice after birth, using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42). Patterns and predictors of psychological distress were examined using generalized hierarchical linear modeling.
    Results: Psychological distress was present in 42% (18/43) of mothers and 22% (8/36) of fathers at least once during the study. The rates of distress did not differ between mothers and fathers. There was also no change in probability of distress over time or difference in distress trajectories between mothers and fathers. However, individual trajectories demonstrated considerable variability in symptoms for both mothers and fathers. Predictors of psychological distress included low social support for mothers and a history of mental health conditions for fathers.
    Conclusions: Parents who receive a prenatal diagnosis of fetal CHD commonly report symptoms of psychological distress from the time of diagnosis through early-mid infancy and display highly variable trajectories. These data suggest that early and repeated psychological screening is important once a fetal CHD diagnosis is made and that providing mental health and social support to parents may be an important component of their ongoing care.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Depression/diagnosis ; Depression/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/diagnosis ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Fathers/psychology ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Mothers/psychology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis ; Psychological Distress
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 625329-5
    ISSN 1465-735X ; 0146-8693
    ISSN (online) 1465-735X
    ISSN 0146-8693
    DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac067
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Lymphatic expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 is linked to sentinel node positivity, recurrence and mortality in primary cutaneous melanoma.

    Tan, Samuel X / Chong, Sharene / Rowe, Casey / Galbraith, Jack / Dight, James / Zhou, Chenhao / Malt, Maryrose / Smithers, Bernard Mark / Khosrotehrani, Kiarash

    Experimental dermatology

    2024  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) e15041

    Abstract: Lymphangiogenesis is a precursor to lymphovascular invasion, and may therefore signal a higher risk of metastasis and mortality in primary cutaneous melanoma. This retrospective longitudinal study aimed to evaluate whether emergent lymphangiogenesis, as ... ...

    Abstract Lymphangiogenesis is a precursor to lymphovascular invasion, and may therefore signal a higher risk of metastasis and mortality in primary cutaneous melanoma. This retrospective longitudinal study aimed to evaluate whether emergent lymphangiogenesis, as measured through co-expression of endothelial proteins with the proliferation marker Ki67, was associated with poorer prognosis in a cohort of patients with single primary cutaneous melanoma. We screened all patients with a single locally invasive primary cutaneous melanoma who received sentinel lymph node biopsy at a tertiary dermatology centre in Brisbane, Australia between 1994 and 2007. Primary melanoma sections were stained via Opal multiplex immunofluorescence, and categorized according to the presence of Ki67 within either CD31
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Melanoma ; Skin Neoplasms ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Endothelial Cells ; Longitudinal Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Cell Proliferation
    Chemical Substances Ki-67 Antigen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-03
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1130936-2
    ISSN 1600-0625 ; 0906-6705
    ISSN (online) 1600-0625
    ISSN 0906-6705
    DOI 10.1111/exd.15041
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Human-altered and human-transported (HAHT) soils in the U.S. soil classification system

    Galbraith, John M.

    Soil science and plant nutrition

    2018  Volume 64, Issue 2, Page(s) 190

    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 406719-8
    ISSN 0038-0768
    Database Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  9. Article: Human-altered and human-transported (HAHT) soils in the U.S. soil classification system

    Galbraith, John M

    Soil science and plant nutrition. 2018 Mar. 4, v. 64, no. 2

    2018  

    Abstract: ... soils were described or classified adequately because the U.S. Soil Taxonomy system was established ... in many soil classification systems at very high levels. A new soil order is proposed for U.S. Soil Taxonomy that would ...

    Abstract Human-altered and human-transported (HAHT) soils are widespread across the globe and are concentrated near where people live and work. Although some of the HAHT soils are significant because they can be hazardous to human, animal, and plant health, most are not mapped or classified to the same extent as agricultural soils. The purpose of this article is to discuss the occurrence, types, and importance of HAHT soils and to document the historical and proposed classification of HAHT soils in Soil Taxonomy. There are two main forms of materials that define HAHT soils: human-altered soils formed in human-altered materials (HAM) from the soil surface to 50 cm (or to bedrock if shallower) or more and human-transported soils formed in human-transported materials (HTM) from the soil surface to 50 cm (or to bedrock if shallower) or more. The HAHT soils mainly occur in urban areas, transportation corridors, mined lands, landfills, filled shallow water, and agricultural areas on anthropogenic landforms. Hazards include danger from radioactivity, pollution, content of hazardous artifacts, or presence on unstable landforms that may fail during heavy rains or earthquakes. The HAHT soils are extensive, and their extent is growing. In the past, few HAHT soils were described or classified adequately because the U.S. Soil Taxonomy system was established for agricultural and other naturally occurring soils. However, HAHT soils are now being recognized and classified in many soil classification systems at very high levels. A new soil order is proposed for U.S. Soil Taxonomy that would include the most obvious profoundly and intentionally altered HAHT soils. A discussion and justification is given for an unofficial proposal. Input will be collected from international groups of scientists, and modifications of the unofficial proposal are expected. The long-term result of establishing a new soil order will be to enable proper classification, allocation, and mapping of HAHT soils worldwide.
    Keywords agricultural land ; agricultural soils ; anthropogenic activities ; bedrock ; earthquakes ; landfills ; landforms ; plant health ; pollution ; radioactivity ; scientists ; transportation ; U.S. Soil Taxonomy ; U.S. Soil Taxonomy types ; urban areas ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0304
    Size p. 190-199.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 406719-8
    ISSN 1747-0765 ; 0038-0768
    ISSN (online) 1747-0765
    ISSN 0038-0768
    DOI 10.1080/00380768.2018.1442682
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: Addressing the Rhino in the Room: ChatGPT Creates "Novel" Patent Ideas for Rhinoplasty.

    Najafali, Daniel / Galbraith, Logan G / Camacho, Justin M / Arnold, Sydney H / Alperovich, Michael / King, Timothy W / Cohen, Mark S / Morrison, Shane D / Dorafshar, Amir H

    Eplasty

    2024  Volume 24, Page(s) e13

    Abstract: Background: OpenAI's ChatGPT can generate novel ideas for a number of applications. The aim of this study was to prompt the chatbot to generate possible innovations in aesthetic surgery relating to rhinoplasty.: Methods: ChatGPT was prompted to ... ...

    Abstract Background: OpenAI's ChatGPT can generate novel ideas for a number of applications. The aim of this study was to prompt the chatbot to generate possible innovations in aesthetic surgery relating to rhinoplasty.
    Methods: ChatGPT was prompted to develop rhinoplasty patents. The resulting outputs were tabulated and categorized based on technology domain and anatomic location. A Google Patents search was conducted to find uses of the term "rhinoplasty" between 2021 and 2023. Patents not pertaining to rhinoplasty were excluded. Filed patents were compared with those generated by ChatGPT to determine predictive power.
    Results: A total of 40 patents resulted from ChatGPT and 42 Google Patents from 2021 to 2023 were included. Patents generated without a detailed description command were related to preoperative planning (35%), intraoperative tools (30%), functional evaluation (15%), and 3D printing and implants (10%). Patents with a detailed description command resulted in the majority being postoperative tools (40%), followed by intraoperative tools (30%), 3D printing and implants (10%), and nonsurgical (10%) categories. The anatomic locations included the airway, dorsum, septum, and nasal tip. ChatGPT's predictive power yielded 45% for the detailed prompting, which was higher than the prompt without the detail command.
    Conclusions: ChatGPT has reasonable potential to generate ideas for innovations in plastic surgery with the assistance of an experienced surgeon-innovator. With new artificial intelligence generations and updates, chatbots will continue to improve. Determining whether these technologies can assist in the later portions of the patent process beyond idea generation will be crucial.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2412803-X
    ISSN 1937-5719
    ISSN 1937-5719
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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