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  1. Article ; Online: Challenges in the recovery of the genetic data from human remains found on the Western Balkan migration route.

    Barbarić, Lucija / Horjan-Zanki, Ivana

    International journal of legal medicine

    2022  

    Abstract: Traditional DNA-based identification of human remains relies on the system of matching STR profile of the deceased with the family references or antemortem samples. In forensic cases without any available samples for the comparison, the body remains ... ...

    Abstract Traditional DNA-based identification of human remains relies on the system of matching STR profile of the deceased with the family references or antemortem samples. In forensic cases without any available samples for the comparison, the body remains unidentified. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) approach in the forensic cases of five drowned individuals recovered on the Western Balkan migration route. Besides capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based genetic profiling (aSTR, Y STR, and mitochondrial control region sequencing) of postmortem samples, we applied ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit/Primer Mix B on MiSeqFGx platform and concomitant ForenSeq Universal Analysis (UAS) software. The assay showed high reproducibility and complete concordance with CE-based data except in locus DYF387S1. Allele and locus drop was evident in 2.9% of total SNPs that slightly reduced the completeness of the data. We endeavored to predict the phenotype of the tested samples and accurate biogeographical ancestry of European individual. UAS was less informative for the remaining samples assigned to Admixed American cluster. Nevertheless, the application of FROG-kb and Snipper tools along with admixture analysis in STRUCTURE and lineage markers revealed likely Middle Eastern and North African ancestry. We conclude that the combination of the phenotype and biogeographical ancestry predictions, including paternal and maternal genetic ancestry, represent a promising tool for humanitarian identification of dead migrants. Nevertheless, the data interpretation remains a challenging task.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1055109-8
    ISSN 1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
    ISSN (online) 1437-1596
    ISSN 0937-9827
    DOI 10.1007/s00414-022-02829-7
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  2. Article ; Online: Assessing Cell Competition in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell (hPSC) Cultures.

    Price, Christopher J / Barbaric, Ivana

    Current protocols

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 5, Page(s) e435

    Abstract: Cell-cell interactions are required for development and homeostasis in multicellular organisms from insects to mammals. A critical process governed by these interactions is cell competition, which functions throughout development to control tissue ... ...

    Abstract Cell-cell interactions are required for development and homeostasis in multicellular organisms from insects to mammals. A critical process governed by these interactions is cell competition, which functions throughout development to control tissue composition by eliminating cells that possess a lower fitness status than their neighbors. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a key biological tool in modeling human development and offer further potential as a source of clinically relevant cell populations for regenerative medicine applications. Recently, cell competition has been demonstrated in hPSC cultures and during induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. In turn, these findings suggest that hPSCs can be used as a tool to study and model cell-cell interactions during different stages of development and disease. Here, we provide a panel of protocols optimized for hPSCs to investigate the potential role that cell competition may have in determining the fate and composition of cell populations during culture. The protocols entail assessment of the competitive phenotype and the mode through which cell competition may lead to elimination of less-fit cells from mosaic cultures with fitter counterparts. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Electroporation of hPSCs to establish a fluorescent reference cell line Support Protocol 1: Single-cell dissociation of hPSCs Support Protocol 2: Single-cell cloning of fluorescently labeled hPSCs Basic Protocol 2: Separate culture and co-culture proliferation assays Basic Protocol 3: Assessing levels of apoptosis in hPSC cultures using flow cytometry Basic Protocol 4: Transwell assay Support Protocol 3: Immunohistochemistry and image quantification of cleaved caspase-3 Basic Protocol 5: Cell confrontation assay Basic Protocol 6: Cell compression assay Basic Protocol 7: Time-lapse imaging to assess mechanical extrusion.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Competition ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Mammals ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Regenerative Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2691-1299
    ISSN (online) 2691-1299
    DOI 10.1002/cpz1.435
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  3. Article ; Online: Human whole mitochondrial genome sequencing and analysis: optimization of the experimental workflow.

    Sukser, Viktorija / Korolija, Marina / Račić, Ivana / Rožić, Sara / Barbarić, Lucija

    Croatian medical journal

    2022  Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 224–230

    Abstract: Aim: To evaluate critical steps in Illumina® Human mtDNA Genome assay: target enrichment, limited-cycle PCR, and library normalization, in order to optimize the protocol for analysis of whole mitochondrial genomes from human reference samples.: ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To evaluate critical steps in Illumina® Human mtDNA Genome assay: target enrichment, limited-cycle PCR, and library normalization, in order to optimize the protocol for analysis of whole mitochondrial genomes from human reference samples.
    Methods: Three long-range high-fidelity DNA polymerases (PlatinumTM PCR SuperMix High Fidelity, LA Taq® Hot Start, and PrimeSTAR® GXL) were tested for their performance in the amplification of mtDNA fragments. Sequencing results of ten samples, as well as negative controls, which underwent library preparation with 12 and 15 cycles in limited-cycle PCR were compared. Additionally, two library normalization methods were compared: bead-based normalization vs quantification and individual normalization.
    Results: PrimeSTAR® GXL performed best for mitochondrial DNA enrichment. Increment of amplification cycles to 15 in limited-cycle PCR step did not affect either the sequencing process or variant calling. Library quantification combined with individual library-by-library dilution outperformed bead-based normalization.
    Conclusion: Optimizations described herein provide beneficial insights for laboratories aiming at implementation and/or advancement of similar massively parallel sequencing workflows (eg, small genomes, PCR amplicons, and plasmids).
    MeSH term(s) DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; Workflow
    Chemical Substances DNA, Mitochondrial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-13
    Publishing country Croatia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1157623-6
    ISSN 1332-8166 ; 0353-9504
    ISSN (online) 1332-8166
    ISSN 0353-9504
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  4. Article ; Online: Characterizing the Genetic Stability of Human Naïve and Primed Pluripotent Stem Cells.

    Baker, Duncan / Barbaric, Ivana

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2021  Volume 2416, Page(s) 267–284

    Abstract: The presence of genetic changes in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can affect their behavior and impact on the utility of hPSC-based applications in research and clinic. The spectrum of spontaneously arising genetic abnormalities in hPSCs is wide ... ...

    Abstract The presence of genetic changes in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can affect their behavior and impact on the utility of hPSC-based applications in research and clinic. The spectrum of spontaneously arising genetic abnormalities in hPSCs is wide and ranges from numerical and structural chromosomal anomalies down to point mutations. The detection of genetic changes in hPSCs is confounded by the fact that no single method detects all types of abnormalities with the same accuracy and sensitivity, therefore necessitating the use of a combination of different methods. Here, we provide detailed protocols for two methods commonly utilized for the detection of genetic changes in naïve and primed hPSCs: karyotyping by G-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).
    MeSH term(s) Cell Differentiation ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Banding ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Pluripotent Stem Cells
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-1908-7_17
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Fitness selection in human pluripotent stem cells and interspecies chimeras: Implications for human development and regenerative medicine.

    Wu, Jun / Barbaric, Ivana

    Developmental biology

    2021  Volume 476, Page(s) 209–217

    Abstract: A small number of pluripotent cells within early embryo gives rise to all cells in the adult body, including germ cells. Hence, any mutations occurring in the pluripotent cell population are at risk of being propagated to their daughter cells and could ... ...

    Abstract A small number of pluripotent cells within early embryo gives rise to all cells in the adult body, including germ cells. Hence, any mutations occurring in the pluripotent cell population are at risk of being propagated to their daughter cells and could lead to congenital defects or embryonic lethality and pose a risk of being transmitted to future generations. The observation that genetic errors are relatively common in preimplantation embryos, but their levels reduce as development progresses, suggests the existence of mechanisms for clearance of aberrant, unfit or damaged cells. Although early human embryogenesis is largely experimentally inaccessible, pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines can be derived either from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a blastocyst or by reprogramming somatic cells into an embryonic stem cell-like state. PSCs retain the ability to differentiate into any cell type in vitro and, hence, they represent a unique and powerful tool for studying otherwise intractable stages of human development. The advent of PSCs has also opened up a possibility of developing regenerative medicine therapies, either through PSC differentiation in vitro or by creating interspecies chimeras for organ replacement. Here, we discuss the emerging evidence of cell selection in human PSC populations in vivo and in vitro and we highlight the implications of understanding this phenomenon for human development and regenerative medicine.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Chimera/embryology ; Chimera/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Genetic Fitness/genetics ; Genetic Fitness/physiology ; Humans ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/physiology ; Regenerative Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1114-9
    ISSN 1095-564X ; 0012-1606
    ISSN (online) 1095-564X
    ISSN 0012-1606
    DOI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Modeling the selective growth advantage of genetically variant human pluripotent stem cells to identify opportunities for manufacturing process control.

    Beltran-Rendon, Catherine / Price, Christopher J / Glen, Katie / Stacey, Adrian / Barbaric, Ivana / Thomas, Robert J

    Cytotherapy

    2024  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 383–392

    Abstract: Background aims: The appearance of genetically variant populations in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures represents a concern for research and clinical applications. Genetic variations may alter hPSC differentiation potential or cause phenotype ...

    Abstract Background aims: The appearance of genetically variant populations in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures represents a concern for research and clinical applications. Genetic variations may alter hPSC differentiation potential or cause phenotype variation in differentiated cells. Further, variants may have properties such as proliferative rate, or response to the culture environment, that differ from wild-type cells. As such, understanding the behavior of these variants in culture, and any potential operational impact on manufacturing processes, will be necessary to control quality of putative hPSC-based products that include a proportion of variant threshold in their quality specification.
    Methods: Here we show a computational model that mathematically describes the growth dynamics between commonly occurring genetically variant hPSCs and their counterpart wild-type cells in culture.
    Results: We show that our model is capable of representing the growth behaviors of both wild-type and variant hPSCs in individual and co-culture systems.
    Conclusions: This representation allows us to identify three critical process parameters that drive critical quality attributes when genetically variant cells are present within the system: total culture density, proportion of variant cells within the culture system and variant cell overgrowth. Lastly, we used our model to predict how the variability of these parameters affects the prevalence of both populations in culture.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Coculture Techniques
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2039821-9
    ISSN 1477-2566 ; 1465-3249
    ISSN (online) 1477-2566
    ISSN 1465-3249
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.010
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  7. Article: Fitness selection in human pluripotent stem cells and interspecies chimeras: Implications for human development and regenerative medicine

    Wu, Jun / Barbaric, Ivana

    Developmental biology. 2021 Aug., v. 476

    2021  

    Abstract: A small number of pluripotent cells within early embryo gives rise to all cells in the adult body, including germ cells. Hence, any mutations occurring in the pluripotent cell population are at risk of being propagated to their daughter cells and could ... ...

    Abstract A small number of pluripotent cells within early embryo gives rise to all cells in the adult body, including germ cells. Hence, any mutations occurring in the pluripotent cell population are at risk of being propagated to their daughter cells and could lead to congenital defects or embryonic lethality and pose a risk of being transmitted to future generations. The observation that genetic errors are relatively common in preimplantation embryos, but their levels reduce as development progresses, suggests the existence of mechanisms for clearance of aberrant, unfit or damaged cells. Although early human embryogenesis is largely experimentally inaccessible, pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines can be derived either from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a blastocyst or by reprogramming somatic cells into an embryonic stem cell-like state. PSCs retain the ability to differentiate into any cell type in vitro and, hence, they represent a unique and powerful tool for studying otherwise intractable stages of human development. The advent of PSCs has also opened up a possibility of developing regenerative medicine therapies, either through PSC differentiation in vitro or by creating interspecies chimeras for organ replacement. Here, we discuss the emerging evidence of cell selection in human PSC populations in vivo and in vitro and we highlight the implications of understanding this phenomenon for human development and regenerative medicine.
    Keywords adults ; blastocyst ; embryogenesis ; embryonic mortality ; human development ; humans ; medicine ; risk ; stem cells
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-08
    Size p. 209-217.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 1114-9
    ISSN 1095-564X ; 0012-1606
    ISSN (online) 1095-564X
    ISSN 0012-1606
    DOI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.025
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Numerical study of the flow field around hydrokinetic turbines with winglets on the blades

    Barbarić, Marina / Batistić, Ivan / Guzović, Zvonimir

    Renewable energy. 2022 June, v. 192

    2022  

    Abstract: Design methods and concepts that can increase the energy conversion efficiency of marine and river current turbines are of great importance for the development and wider utilization of this emerging renewable energy technology. This work is aimed to ... ...

    Abstract Design methods and concepts that can increase the energy conversion efficiency of marine and river current turbines are of great importance for the development and wider utilization of this emerging renewable energy technology. This work is aimed to improve hydrodynamic performances of the hydrokinetic turbines to get as close as possible to the theoretical energy conversion efficiency limitation of 59.3%, known as the Lanchester–Betz–Joukowsky limit. The winglets are integrated at the turbine blade tips to reduce the effect of the tip vortex. The winglet design concept is adopted from the jet aircraft and adjusted to the hydrokinetic turbine application. The numerical investigation of the winglets impact on the hydrodynamic performances was performed using computational fluid dynamic (CFD). The results indicate that winglets subdue the strength of tip vortices, which is reflected through the increase in the power extracted. It has been confirmed that winglet height has a great influence on the power coefficient increase, which for higher winglets reaches the value above 50%. The analysis of the wake regions behind turbines pointed out that the turbines with winglets form stronger vortices in the far wake zone which may influence the back-flow turbine installed in row array.
    Keywords aircraft ; energy conversion ; hydrodynamics ; renewable energy sources ; rivers
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Size p. 692-704.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2001449-1
    ISSN 1879-0682 ; 0960-1481
    ISSN (online) 1879-0682
    ISSN 0960-1481
    DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.157
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: The impact of biofilm on marine current turbine performance

    Farkas, Andrea / Degiuli, Nastia / Martić, Ivana / Barbarić, Marina / Guzović, Zvonimir

    Renewable energy. 2022 May, v. 190

    2022  

    Abstract: Although several problems related to biofouling of marine current turbines (MCTs) are reported in the literature, the most important one is related to long-term operational performance and maintenance costs. Nevertheless, studies related to the impact of ...

    Abstract Although several problems related to biofouling of marine current turbines (MCTs) are reported in the literature, the most important one is related to long-term operational performance and maintenance costs. Nevertheless, studies related to the impact of biofouling on MCT performance are rather scarce. In this study, the impact of biofilm on MCT performance is investigated using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. Biofilm is modelled using previously developed roughness functions implemented in a wall function solver. A verification study is performed to determine sufficient grid spacings and to calculate numerical uncertainty. The validation study is conducted by comparing the obtained results with experimental and numerical ones from the literature. Full-scale CFD simulations are performed for six fouling conditions with varying biofilm height and percentage of surface coverage at eight tip speed ratios (TSRs). The obtained results highlight the significant impact of biofilm on MCT performance reflected in a decrease in the power coefficient, which for the optimal TSR is equal to −10.7% for the R1 fouling condition. Finally, a detailed analysis of the flow around MCTs fouled with biofilm is conducted and the reasons for the detrimental impact of biofilm on MCT performance are discussed.
    Keywords biofilm ; biofouling ; fluid mechanics ; renewable energy sources ; roughness ; uncertainty
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-05
    Size p. 584-595.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2001449-1
    ISSN 1879-0682 ; 0960-1481
    ISSN (online) 1879-0682
    ISSN 0960-1481
    DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.134
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B prevalence, related risk behaviours and correlates of condom use among transgender women in two cities in Sri Lanka: findings from respondent-driven sampling surveys.

    Barbaric, Jelena / Bozicevic, Ivana / Manathunge, Ariyaratne / Gajaweera, Chathrini / Beneragama, Sriyakanthi

    Sexual health

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 311–318

    Abstract: Background Biobehavioural data on transgender women (TGW) are limited globally.: Methods: We used data collected as part of the 2017-18 National Integrated HIV Biobehavioural Survey, which included 254 TGW in Colombo and 252 in Jaffna, for structured ... ...

    Abstract Background Biobehavioural data on transgender women (TGW) are limited globally.
    Methods: We used data collected as part of the 2017-18 National Integrated HIV Biobehavioural Survey, which included 254 TGW in Colombo and 252 in Jaffna, for structured questionnaire interviews and biological testing. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to explore factors associated with condom use.
    Results: We found low HIV prevalence in Colombo (0.6%) and no HIV infections in Jaffna. TGW in Colombo had higher positivity on the Treponema pallidum-particle agglutination test (2.5%) compared with TGW in Jaffna (0.4%). We found no hepatitis B infections. In both cities, <25% of TGW have comprehensive knowledge about HIV prevention. In Colombo 54.4%, but only 21.4% of TGW in Jaffna, have ever been tested for HIV. Drug-injecting behaviours are uncommon in both cities (prevalence <1%), whereas 7.4% reported sharing equipment for injecting feminising hormones in Colombo. Greater proportions of TGW in Colombo compared with Jaffna used condom at last sex (82.3% vs 37.7%). Multivariable analysis showed lower odds of condom use at last sex in TGW aged >30 years and those who did not test for HIV in the past 12 months in Colombo, and for TGW with higher income in Jaffna, TGW not visiting outdoor sites to find partners, and TGW who sold sex.
    Conclusions: Current burden of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B among TGW in Sri Lanka is low. Although risk behavioural patterns vary between the cities, a substantial sexually transmitted infection vulnerability is a common denominator, calling for strengthening of the capacity to respond to specific TGW needs.
    MeSH term(s) Cities ; Condoms ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/prevention & control ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior ; Sri Lanka/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syphilis/epidemiology ; Transgender Persons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-26
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2256731-8
    ISSN 1449-8987 ; 1448-5028
    ISSN (online) 1449-8987
    ISSN 1448-5028
    DOI 10.1071/SH21061
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