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  1. Article: Application of Biosafety Principles in Laboratory Analysis of Clinical Samples from Patients with COVID-19.

    Hussain Gardezi, Syed Adeel / Ikram, Aamer

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2020  Volume 70Suppl 3, Issue 5, Page(s) S48–S51

    Abstract: COVID-19 poses a great challenge to clinical and diagnostic services around the world. The need of biosafety practices can never be emphasised more than under current circumstances. The four pillars of biosafety namely, leadership, standard operating ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 poses a great challenge to clinical and diagnostic services around the world. The need of biosafety practices can never be emphasised more than under current circumstances. The four pillars of biosafety namely, leadership, standard operating procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) and engineering controls must be employed for effective and safe practices in the clinical setting in general and laboratory settings in particular. Risk assessment must be carried out before meeting up the diagnostic challenge for COVID-19 and essential biorisk management measures are required to be taken. In our resource-poor settings, we need to adapt safe but cost-effective and improvised solutions to ensure safe handling of clinical samples from COVID-19 patients in the laboratories. The correct use of PPE and their suitable alternatives are available for selection and use. Disinfection of the lab areas and safe disposal of the clinical samples from such patients is also of paramount importance.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards ; Containment of Biohazards/methods ; Containment of Biohazards/standards ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Infection Control/standards ; Laboratories/standards ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Risk Assessment ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-09
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.5455/JPMA.10
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Application of Biosafety Principles in Laboratory Analysis of Clinical Samples from Patients with COVID-19

    Hussain Gardezi, Syed Adeel / Ikram, Aamer

    J Pak Med Assoc

    Abstract: COVID-19 poses a great challenge to clinical and diagnostic services around the world. The need of biosafety practices can never be emphasised more than under current circumstances. The four pillars of biosafety namely, leadership, standard operating ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 poses a great challenge to clinical and diagnostic services around the world. The need of biosafety practices can never be emphasised more than under current circumstances. The four pillars of biosafety namely, leadership, standard operating procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) and engineering controls must be employed for effective and safe practices in the clinical setting in general and laboratory settings in particular. Risk assessment must be carried out before meeting up the diagnostic challenge for COVID-19 and essential biorisk management measures are required to be taken. In our resource-poor settings, we need to adapt safe but cost-effective and improvised solutions to ensure safe handling of clinical samples from COVID-19 patients in the laboratories. The correct use of PPE and their suitable alternatives are available for selection and use. Disinfection of the lab areas and safe disposal of the clinical samples from such patients is also of paramount importance.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #32515375
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article: Evaluation of galactomannan and beta-d-glucan assays for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in clinically suspected cases.

    Sarwar, Mariam / Gardezi, Syed Adeel Hussain / Zaman, Gohar / Ikram, Aamer / Satti, Luqman / Khadim, Muhammad Tahir

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2020  Volume 70, Issue 3, Page(s) 442–446

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the utility of galactomannan and beta-D-glucan assays in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in clinically suspected cases, and to compare their diagnostic potential to determine whether a combination of the two may result in an ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the utility of galactomannan and beta-D-glucan assays in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in clinically suspected cases, and to compare their diagnostic potential to determine whether a combination of the two may result in an early and specific diagnosis.
    Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from April 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018, and comprised serum samples from clinically suspected invasive aspergillosis patients and healthy controls. The sera were tested for galactomannan and beta-D-glucan detection. Proven, probable and possible categories of invasive aspergillosis according to European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer / Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group criteria. Galactomannan antigen was detected using a one-stage immunoenzymatic sandwich microplate assay. Beta-D-Glucan antigen was detected using a protease zymogen-based colorimetric assay. Sensitivity and positive / negative likelihood ratio of both the cases and the controls were calculated and compared.
    Results: Of the 178 subjects, 119(67%) were cases and 59(33%) were controls. Beta-D-glucan assay was more sensitive than galactomannan assay (91.6% versus 80.67%) whereas galactomannan assay was more specific than beta-D-glucan assay (86.44% versus 76.27%) in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. The sensitivities of both assays decreased with decreasing probability of invasive aspergillosis, i.e., maximum sensitivities of both beta-D-glucan and galactomannan assays were for proven cases (100% versus 87.5%), followed by probable cases (89.29% versus 85.71%), and possible cases (91.57% versus 78.31%).
    Conclusions: Both beta-D-glucan and galactomannan assays seemed to play an encouraging role in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in high-risk clinically suspected cases, with the former assay being more sensitive and the latter assay being more specific.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens, Fungal/blood ; Aspergillosis/blood ; Aspergillosis/diagnosis ; Aspergillus/isolation & purification ; Aspergillus/physiology ; Early Diagnosis ; Galactose/analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques/methods ; Invasive Fungal Infections/blood ; Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis ; Mannans/blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; beta-Glucans/blood
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Fungal ; Mannans ; beta-Glucans ; galactomannan (11078-30-1) ; Galactose (X2RN3Q8DNE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-24
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.5455/JPMA.1476
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF IN-HOUSE BIOCHEMICAL TESTING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SPECIMENSAGAINST VITEK 2 SYSTEM

    Mariam Sarwar / Syed Adeel Hussain Gardezi / Gohar Zaman / Aamer Ikram / Wajid Hussain / Muhammad Tahir Khadim

    Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 71, Iss 1, Pp 155-

    2021  Volume 61

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of in-house biochemical testing for identification of enterococcus species isolated from various clinical specimens against gold standard i.e., automated Vitek 2 system. This study also includes the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of in-house biochemical testing for identification of enterococcus species isolated from various clinical specimens against gold standard i.e., automated Vitek 2 system. This study also includes the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterococci against various antimicrobials. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Apr 2017 to Mar 2018. Methodology: A total of 218 isolates from various clinical specimens suspected to be Enterococcus spp. were checked by in-house biochemical testing including bile esculin, 6.5% NaCl and 1% arabinose and results were compared with Vitek 2 compact system. The frequencies were determined by both systems and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion as per clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines. Results: Comparing the results of in-house testing with gold standard i.e., Vitek 2 system, the statistical data was calculated. Sensitivity turned out to be 100%, Specificity was found to be 68.75%. Positive and negative predictive values were 97.58% and 100% respectively. Accuracy turned out to be 97.71%. Conclusion: The in-house biochemical testing can be quite a useful method for identification of enterococci in resource-limited settings. However, it requires overight incubation and cannot identify other enterococcal species and non-enterococcal species. Vitek 2 is an automated system that is easy-to-handle, provides a rapid and reasonably accurate identification of enterococci alongwith accurate AST results. Enterococcal isolates from various clinical specimens in our setup showed least resistance to linezolid, followed by teicoplanin and vancomycin. Nitrofurantoin and.
    Keywords enterococcus spp ; in-house biochemical testing ; vitek 2 system ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 590 ; 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Army Medical College Rawalpindi
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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