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Article ; Online: Synthesis and structures of three benzoannelated macrobicyclic diamides.

Smith, Gary L N / Taylor, Richard W

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry

2022 Volume 78, Issue Pt 3, Page(s) 176–180

Abstract: We report the synthesis and structures of 9,10,20,21-tetrahydro-5,14-(ethanooxyethano)dibenzo[e,q][1,4,10,13,7,16]tetraoxadiazacyclooctadecine-6,13-dione [systematic name: 8,11,21,24,29-pentaoxa-1,18-diazatetracyclo[16.8.5 ... ...

Abstract	We report the synthesis and structures of 9,10,20,21-tetrahydro-5,14-(ethanooxyethano)dibenzo[e,q][1,4,10,13,7,16]tetraoxadiazacyclooctadecine-6,13-dione [systematic name: 8,11,21,24,29-pentaoxa-1,18-diazatetracyclo[16.8.5.0
MeSH term(s)	Crystallography, X-Ray ; Diamide ; Hydrogen Bonding
Chemical Substances	Diamide (10465-78-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2025703-X
ISSN	2053-2296 ; 1600-5759 ; 0108-2701
ISSN (online)	2053-2296 ; 1600-5759
ISSN	0108-2701
DOI	10.1107/S2053229622001449
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot).

Smith, W Gary

Paediatrics & child health

2015 Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 307–308

Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2106767-3
ISSN	1918-1485 ; 1205-7088
ISSN (online)	1918-1485
ISSN	1205-7088
DOI	10.1093/pch/20.6.307
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Zs.A 5774: Show issues

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Article: Beta2-agonists for exercise-induced asthma.

Smith, W Gary

Paediatrics & child health

2014 Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) 355–356

Language	English
Publishing date	2014-09-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2106767-3
ISSN	1918-1485 ; 1205-7088
ISSN (online)	1918-1485
ISSN	1205-7088
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Article: Child maltreatment among victims of violent death: an analysis of national violent death reporting system data, 2014-2018.

Barrett, Nicole M / Michaels, Nichole L / Kistamgari, Sandhya / Smith, Gary A / Brink, Farah W

Injury epidemiology

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 63

Abstract: Background: Limited information is known about the impact of childhood maltreatment on lifetime risk of violent death. This study aimed to compare manner of death, demographics, age at time of death, and the presence of a mental health or substance use ... ...

Abstract	Background: Limited information is known about the impact of childhood maltreatment on lifetime risk of violent death. This study aimed to compare manner of death, demographics, age at time of death, and the presence of a mental health or substance use disorder among decedents of violent deaths with a history of child maltreatment to those without. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared characteristics of pediatric and adult violent deaths with and without a history of child maltreatment that were captured in the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2014 through 2018. Results: Decedents who were male, multiracial, and had adulthood substance or mental health disorders were more likely to have a history of maltreatment. All-age decedents with a history of maltreatment were more likely to die by homicide. Adult decedents with a history of maltreatment were more likely to die by suicide. Maltreated decedents died significantly younger than non-maltreated decedents. Conclusions: Among victims of violent deaths, an identified history of child maltreatment was associated with increased risk of homicide across the lifespan, adult suicide, and earlier death. A history of child maltreatment was also associated with mental health and substance use disorders, which may reflect one of the pathways through which the child maltreatment-to-death association functions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2764253-7
ISSN	2197-1714
ISSN	2197-1714
DOI	10.1186/s40621-023-00474-1
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Article ; Online: Child maltreatment among victims of violent death

Nicole M. Barrett / Nichole L. Michaels / Sandhya Kistamgari / Gary A. Smith / Farah W. Brink

Injury Epidemiology, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

an analysis of national violent death reporting system data, 2014–2018

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Background Limited information is known about the impact of childhood maltreatment on lifetime risk of violent death. This study aimed to compare manner of death, demographics, age at time of death, and the presence of a mental health or ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Limited information is known about the impact of childhood maltreatment on lifetime risk of violent death. This study aimed to compare manner of death, demographics, age at time of death, and the presence of a mental health or substance use disorder among decedents of violent deaths with a history of child maltreatment to those without. Methods This cross-sectional study compared characteristics of pediatric and adult violent deaths with and without a history of child maltreatment that were captured in the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2014 through 2018. Results Decedents who were male, multiracial, and had adulthood substance or mental health disorders were more likely to have a history of maltreatment. All-age decedents with a history of maltreatment were more likely to die by homicide. Adult decedents with a history of maltreatment were more likely to die by suicide. Maltreated decedents died significantly younger than non-maltreated decedents. Conclusions Among victims of violent deaths, an identified history of child maltreatment was associated with increased risk of homicide across the lifespan, adult suicide, and earlier death. A history of child maltreatment was also associated with mental health and substance use disorders, which may reflect one of the pathways through which the child maltreatment-to-death association functions.
Keywords	Child maltreatment ; Fatalities ; Violent death ; Suicide ; Homicide ; Mortality ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trends in treatment costs of U.S. emergency department visits.

Pickens, Gary / Smith, Mark W / McDermott, Kimberly W / Mummert, Amanda / Karaca, Zeynal

The American journal of emergency medicine

2022 Volume 58, Page(s) 89–94

Abstract: Background: Spending on emergency department (ED) services in recent years has increased faster than spending in any other area of healthcare. Analyzing growth rates of ED treatment costs by patient and hospital attributes may illuminate ways to reduce ... ...

Abstract	Background: Spending on emergency department (ED) services in recent years has increased faster than spending in any other area of healthcare. Analyzing growth rates of ED treatment costs by patient and hospital attributes may illuminate ways to reduce overall hospital cost growth. Prior studies have examined changes in ED visit charges and expenditures over time, but little research has focused on changes in ED treatment costs. Methods: We analyzed trends in ED treatment costs by applying the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Cost-to-Charge Ratios for ED Files to the 2012-2019 HCUP Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Specifically, we estimated treatment cost per ED visit, mean and total costs by patient and hospital characteristics, and compound annual growth rate in costs and patient volumes. Results: During 2012-2019, ED treatment costs increased from $54 billion to $88 billion, a 5.4% annual growth rate-with 4.4 percentage points attributable to higher treatment cost per visit. Growth rates varied by patient and hospital attribute. Conclusions: By highlighting overall ED cost trends, as well as specific segments of the delivery system with the most rapidly increasing costs, this study provides important information for policymakers and hospital decisionmakers.
MeSH term(s)	Emergency Service, Hospital ; Fees and Charges ; Health Care Costs ; Hospital Costs ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605890-5
ISSN	1532-8171 ; 0735-6757
ISSN (online)	1532-8171
ISSN	0735-6757
DOI	10.1016/j.ajem.2022.05.035
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Article ; Online: Understanding the structure and dynamics of local powder packing density variations in metal additive manufacturing using set Voronoi analysis

Phua, Arden / Smith, Joshua / Davies, Chris H.J. / Cook, Peter S. / Delaney, Gary W.

Powder Technology. 2023 Mar., v. 418 p.118272-

2023

Abstract: In powder bed fusion (PBF), the global packing density is an important property used to quantify the bulk behaviour of the powder. However, packing density can be highly non-uniform across the PBF system. In some cases global packing density is even ill- ... ...

Abstract	In powder bed fusion (PBF), the global packing density is an important property used to quantify the bulk behaviour of the powder. However, packing density can be highly non-uniform across the PBF system. In some cases global packing density is even ill-defined, such as in the case of spread powder layers which are typically only 1–2 particles thick and packed across a complex surface. However, an accurate calculation of the local packing density down to the resolution of individual particles can allow us to go beyond bulk descriptions and spatially quantify local powder packing density variations. In this paper, we present Set Voronoi tessellation as a precise method for calculating the local packing fraction of non-spherical particles across arbitrary boundaries. Using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for a calibrated Ti-6Al-4 V powder model, we study the local packing variation in three critical sections of the PBF system. First, we analyse a discharging Hall flowmeter, a common apparatus used to benchmark the flowability of PBF feedstock. Second, we analyse the powder spreading process to understand how particle densities and velocities influence deposition. Lastly, we analyse the local packing variation across a realistic AM powder layer to demonstrate how layers can be digitally qualified to inform subsequent laser melting. Our work provides a novel technique to study the variations in the local packing structure of powders in dynamic PBF systems and to understand the mechanisms through which key process parameters influence final part quality.
Keywords	feedstocks ; models ; technology ; Set Voronoi diagrams ; Local packing density ; Powder recoating ; Particle dynamics ; Discrete element method ; Additive manufacturing
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ISSN	0032-5910
DOI	10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118272
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book: The Skagit County economy

Smith, Gary W.

dimensions of growth, structure, and cyclical change, 1969 - 90

(EB / Cooperative Extension, Washington State University ; 1757)

1993

Author's details	[by Gary W. Smith]
Series title	EB / Cooperative Extension, Washington State University ; 1757 Extension bulletin / Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture, Washington State University
Collection	Extension bulletin / Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture, Washington State University
Keywords	Skagit County, Wash ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Geschichte 1969-1990 ; Bevölkerungsstruktur ; Bevölkerungswachstum
Subject	Bevölkerung ; Bevölkerungszunahme ; Wachstum ; Bevölkerungsaufbau ; Bevölkerungsgliederung ; Wirtschaftliches Wachstum
Size	VI, 123 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
Publishing place	Pullman, Wash.
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT007403296
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Shelf mark	Loan status	Location
974/60	available for loan (reading room)	Freihandmagazin (U1)

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Article ; Online: Spectral analysis of non-contrast fluoroscopy for evaluation of pulmonary perfusion: Feasibility and sensitivity testing with a phantom.

Smith, Matthew R / Grice, Jared V / Zhou, Dennis W / Emmons, Erica C / Rollins, Allman T / Hemnes, Anna R / O'Leary, Jared M / Smith, Gary T

Medical physics

2024

Abstract: Background: Oscillating x-ray attenuation in the lungs provides an opportunity to evaluate pulmonary perfusion without contrast. Recent intensity-based methods have been compared to pulmonary scintigraphy and CT angiography but lack rigorous phantom ... ...

Abstract	Background: Oscillating x-ray attenuation in the lungs provides an opportunity to evaluate pulmonary perfusion without contrast. Recent intensity-based methods have been compared to pulmonary scintigraphy and CT angiography but lack rigorous phantom studies. Purpose: A new method to quantify the periodic signal amplitude was employed using spectral analysis. Performance was characterized using a water phantom capable of creating an oscillating x-ray attenuation at physiologic amplitudes. Feasibility in detecting abnormal perfusion was performed on a volunteer with pulmonary vascular disease and compared to pulmonary angiography, the clinical gold standard. Methods: For each fluoroscopic acquisition, the normalized temporal signal from each pixel was decomposed into its frequency components using Fourier transformation, and the spectral amplitude, defined as the x-ray pulsatility index (XPI), was determined at the desired frequency using a band-pass filter. XPI was displayed as a pixel-wise parametric colormap. Based on XPI maps generated using two human volunteers, a water bath phantom was constructed with a fluctuating fluid height and a 1 cm diameter pulsatility defect. Contrast-to-noise (CNR) of the defect was measured using fluoroscopy images acquired at variable fluid height fluctuation (0.1-1.9 mm) and oscillation frequency (30-60 bpm). Various sampling frame rates (3-30 fps) and acquisition durations (1.8-8 s) using truncated datasets were reconstructed from full datasets. Fluoroscopic images were obtained in a patient just prior to pulmonary angiography in the same projection. Results: XPI maps in human subjects showed high signal to background contrast with high central XPI measuring up to 0.5. Phantom experiments revealed CNR was linearly correlated to fluid height change (r Conclusion: Spectral analysis is an accurate and sensitive method to detect small changes in periodic x-ray attenuation using a short fluoroscopic acquisition. This method demonstrated good agreement to pulmonary angiography and shows promise for clinical imaging of pulmonary perfusion using standard fluoroscopic methods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	188780-4
ISSN	2473-4209 ; 0094-2405
ISSN (online)	2473-4209
ISSN	0094-2405
DOI	10.1002/mp.16953
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Article ; Online: Genetic Control of Pitch Canker Response in Southern Pine and Southern Pine Hybrids

Andrew D. Sims / Gary F. Peter / Katherine Smith / W. Patrick Cumbie / Dominic Kain / Jeremy T. Brawner

Forests, Vol 14, Iss 554, p

2023 Volume 554

Abstract: Fusarium circinatum causes pine pitch canker (PPC) disease and associated symptoms such as resinous lesions, mechanical weakness, and crown dieback that may lead to mortality in Pinus and Pseudotsuga spp. There are no ameliorative techniques available ... ...

Abstract	Fusarium circinatum causes pine pitch canker (PPC) disease and associated symptoms such as resinous lesions, mechanical weakness, and crown dieback that may lead to mortality in Pinus and Pseudotsuga spp. There are no ameliorative techniques available for the disease, and the genetic resistance among populations to support commercial plantation deployment has not been well characterized. In this study, we characterize the genetic control of PPC disease tolerance (and/or resistance) and predict the tolerance of families in existing breeding populations: open-pollinated (OP) half-sib and control-pollinated full-sib (FS) slash pine ( Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.), OP loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.), and advanced-generation OP hybrid slash × P. caribaea ( Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm. × Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis , caribaea, and hondurensis ) using F. circinatum isolates obtained from three locations in Georgia and FL, USA. We describe a new experimental design that improves the accuracy of breeding value predictions, provides more precise genetic parameter estimates, and facilitates comparisons within and among taxa as well as comparisons among isolates. We found strong evidence for genetic control of the ratio of stem damage by F. circinatum , especially in slash pine and slash × P. caribaea hybrids. Loblolly and slash × P . caribaea hybrids exhibited less damage than slash pine. We observed a spectrum of virulence among F. circinatum isolate sources, which were not equally virulent in different pine taxa.
Keywords	pine pitch canker ; forest tree disease ; disease screening ; tree breeding ; tree improvement ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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