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Article ; Online: Neonatal and child mortality - are they different in developing and developed countries?

Stanojević, Milan

2022 Volume 50, Issue 7, Page(s) 855–862

Abstract: Aim is to present the neonatal and child mortality in high-(HIC) and low-income (LIC) countries and possible influence of COVID-19 pandemic. In recently published sustainable development goals (SDGs) report and other sources the data on infant and under- ... ...

Abstract	Aim is to present the neonatal and child mortality in high-(HIC) and low-income (LIC) countries and possible influence of COVID-19 pandemic. In recently published sustainable development goals (SDGs) report and other sources the data on infant and under-five mortality (U-5MR) in HIC and LIC are presented. SDG 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) to less than 12 per 1,000 live births, and reduction of U-5MR to less than 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030. Negative influence of COVID-19 pandemic on performance of SDG 3.2 has been discussed. The lowest NMR was in HIC, almost 10 times lower than in LIC and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data on the U-5MR between HIC and LIC are even worse because the difference was between 13 and 15 times lower in HIC. More children are dying after the neonatal period in LIC. In HIC, NMR comprises 56.3% of U-5MR, while in LIC it is 40.3%, and in SSA, it is 36.8%. Births attended by skilled birth personnel in HIC was 99.0% and in LIC it was only 58.6%, which might affect early NMR. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the delivery of perinatal health, with possible negative effects on stillbirth rates, NMR, U-5MR, maternal mortality rates, and many other indicators. The gap of the NMR and U-5MR between HIC and LIC has increasing tendency regardless of COVID-19 pandemic, affecting adversely perinatal health indicators in HIC and LIC.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Child ; Child Mortality ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Pandemics ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123512-6
ISSN	1619-3997 ; 0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
ISSN (online)	1619-3997
ISSN	0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
DOI	10.1515/jpm-2022-0059
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Article ; Online: Are Covid-19-positive mothers dangerous for their term and well newborn babies? Is there an answer?

Stanojević, Milan

Journal of perinatal medicine

2020 Volume 48, Issue 5, Page(s) 441–445

Abstract: Background The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) is quite a challenging experience for the world. At the moment of birth, the fetus is prepared to face the challenge of labor and the exposure to the outside world, meaning that ... ...

Abstract	Background The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) is quite a challenging experience for the world. At the moment of birth, the fetus is prepared to face the challenge of labor and the exposure to the outside world, meaning that labor and birth represent the first extrauterine major exposure to a complex microbiota. The vagina, which is a canal for reproduction, is by evolution separated (but not far) from the anus and urethra. Passing through the birthing canal is a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of vaginal and gut microorganisms for the vertical transmission of microbiota not only from our mothers and grandmothers but also from earlier ancestors. Methods Many national and international instructions have been developed since the beginning of the Covid-19 outbreak in January 2020 in Wuhan in China. All of them pointed out hygiene measures, social distancing and avoidance of social contacts as the most important epidemiological preventive measures. Pregnancy and neonatal periods are considered as high risk for Covid-19 infection. Results The instructions defined the care for pregnant women in the delivery room, during a hospital stay and after discharge. The controversial procedures in the care of Covid-19-suspected or -positive asymptomatic women in labor were: mode of delivery, companion during birth and labor, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and visits during a hospital stay. Conclusion There is a hope that instruction on coping with the coronavirus (Covid-19) infection in pregnancy with all proposed interventions affecting mothers, babies and families, besides saving lives, are beneficial and efficient by exerting no harm.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Delivery, Obstetric/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Perinatal Care/methods ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Term Birth
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123512-6
ISSN	1619-3997 ; 0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
ISSN (online)	1619-3997
ISSN	0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
DOI	10.1515/jpm-2020-0186
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Article: LIMITS OF VIABILITY: SHOULD WE PLAY GOD?

Stanojevic, Milan

Psychiatria Danubina

2021 Volume 33, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) S280–S291

Abstract: Aim is to show that the definition of the infants born at the limits of viability within the countries is dependent on the social and medical conditions in which the infant is born, and even in one country in which neonatal intensive care is available, ... ...

Abstract	Aim is to show that the definition of the infants born at the limits of viability within the countries is dependent on the social and medical conditions in which the infant is born, and even in one country in which neonatal intensive care is available, it depends on the place of birth and organization of perinatal care. With decreasing gestational age mortality, short- and long-term morbidity of preterm infants are increasing while their survival to discharge is decreasing. It is questionable how to define viability and where the limit of viability can be set. The definition of the limits of viability is not quite clear. There are at least two ways of understanding it: the first, defining the gestational age and/or birth weight at which human fetus has the capability of survival outside the uterus; and the second, gestational age and/or birth weight at which more than 50% of infants survive to discharge home from the hospital. While in developing countries infants of less than 28 weeks of gestation without neonatal intensive care have 95% probability of dying, survival of infants between 22 and 25 gestational weeks in developed countries is reaching 90%. Up to now the definition of the limits of viability has not be established, and precise definition of viability scientifically has not been produced yet. Currently, the World Health Organization sets lower limit of viability at 22 weeks of gestation, or 500 g birth weight, or 25 cm of birth length. The universal definition of the limit of viability is probably not possible, because of its variability from one individual to the other, from one setting to the other and from one community to the other.
MeSH term(s)	Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Patient Discharge ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-18
Publishing country	Croatia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067580-2
ISSN	0353-5053
ISSN	0353-5053
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Article ; Online: Are Covid-19-positive mothers dangerous for their term and well newborn babies? Is there an answer?

Stanojević, Milan

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

2020 Volume 48, Issue 5, Page(s) 441–445

Abstract: Abstract Background The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) is quite a challenging experience for the world. At the moment of birth, the fetus is prepared to face the challenge of labor and the exposure to the outside world, ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) is quite a challenging experience for the world. At the moment of birth, the fetus is prepared to face the challenge of labor and the exposure to the outside world, meaning that labor and birth represent the first extrauterine major exposure to a complex microbiota. The vagina, which is a canal for reproduction, is by evolution separated (but not far) from the anus and urethra. Passing through the birthing canal is a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of vaginal and gut microorganisms for the vertical transmission of microbiota not only from our mothers and grandmothers but also from earlier ancestors. Methods Many national and international instructions have been developed since the beginning of the Covid-19 outbreak in January 2020 in Wuhan in China. All of them pointed out hygiene measures, social distancing and avoidance of social contacts as the most important epidemiological preventive measures. Pregnancy and neonatal periods are considered as high risk for Covid-19 infection. Results The instructions defined the care for pregnant women in the delivery room, during a hospital stay and after discharge. The controversial procedures in the care of Covid-19-suspected or -positive asymptomatic women in labor were: mode of delivery, companion during birth and labor, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and visits during a hospital stay. Conclusion There is a hope that instruction on coping with the coronavirus (Covid-19) infection in pregnancy with all proposed interventions affecting mothers, babies and families, besides saving lives, are beneficial and efficient by exerting no harm.
Keywords	Obstetrics and Gynaecology ; Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ; covid19
Publisher	Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	123512-6
ISSN	1619-3997 ; 0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
ISSN (online)	1619-3997
ISSN	0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
DOI	10.1515/jpm-2020-0186
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Is lowering of maternal mortality in the world still only a "dream within a dream"?

Kurjak, Asim / Stanojević, Milan / Dudenhausen, Joachim W

Journal of perinatal medicine

2022 Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 163

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Maternal Mortality ; Female
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	123512-6
ISSN	1619-3997 ; 0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
ISSN (online)	1619-3997
ISSN	0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
DOI	10.1515/jpm-2022-0540
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Article ; Online: Pre-eclampsia and maternal health through the prism of low-income countries.

Medjedovic, Edin / Kurjak, Asim / Stanojević, Milan / Begic, Edin

Journal of perinatal medicine

2022 Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 261–268

Abstract: Hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy complicates up to 15% of pregnancies, and preeclampsia (PE) occurs in about 3-10% of pregnant women. Inadequate prenatal care is associated with higher mortality from PE, possibly due to reduced monitoring, detection, ... ...

Abstract	Hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy complicates up to 15% of pregnancies, and preeclampsia (PE) occurs in about 3-10% of pregnant women. Inadequate prenatal care is associated with higher mortality from PE, possibly due to reduced monitoring, detection, and missed opportunities for early intervention. The imperative of the clinician's work is to monitor the symptoms and clinical signs of PE, and stratification of patients in relation to the risk of PE is essential. PE represents a multisystem inflammatory response, and the consequences can be expected in all organs. The question of the effect of PE on long-term maternal health is raised. The aim of the paper is to present the effect of PE on the patient's health through the prism of low-income countries.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Pre-Eclampsia/diagnosis ; Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology ; Maternal Health ; Hypertension
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123512-6
ISSN	1619-3997 ; 0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
ISSN (online)	1619-3997
ISSN	0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
DOI	10.1515/jpm-2022-0437
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Article ; Online: Use and misuse of ultrasound in obstetrics with reference to developing countries.

Kurjak, Asim / Medjedovic, Edin / Stanojević, Milan

Journal of perinatal medicine

2022 Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 240–252

Abstract: Maternal and neonatal health is one of the main global health challenges. Every day, approximately 800 women and 7,000 newborns die due to complications during pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal period. The leading causes of maternal death in sub-Saharan ... ...

Abstract	Maternal and neonatal health is one of the main global health challenges. Every day, approximately 800 women and 7,000 newborns die due to complications during pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal period. The leading causes of maternal death in sub-Saharan Africa are obstetric hemorrhage (28.8%), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (22.1%), non-obstetric complications (18.8%), and pregnancy-related infections (11.5%). Diagnostic ultrasound examinations can be used in a variety of specific circumstances during pregnancy. Because adverse outcomes may also arise in low-risk pregnancies, it is assumed that routine ultrasound in all pregnancies will enable earlier detection and improved management of pregnancy complications. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated in 1997 that 50% of developing countries had no access to ultrasound imaging, and available equipment was outdated or broken. Unfortunately, besides all the exceptional benefits of ultrasound in obstetrics, its inappropriate use and abuse are reported. Using ultrasound to view, take a picture, or determine the sex of a fetus without a medical indication can be considered ethically unjustifiable. Ultrasound assessment when indicated should be every woman's right in the new era. However, it is still only a privilege in some parts of the world. Investment in both equipment and human resources has been clearly shown to be cost-effective and should be an obligatory step in the improvement of health care. Well-developed health systems should guide developing countries, creating principles for the organization of the health system with an accent on the correct, legal, and ethical use of diagnostic ultrasound in pregnancy to avoid its misuse. The aim of the article is to present the importance of correct and appropriate use of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology with reference to developing countries.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Developing Countries ; Obstetrics ; Pregnancy Complications ; Ultrasonography ; Gynecology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123512-6
ISSN	1619-3997 ; 0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
ISSN (online)	1619-3997
ISSN	0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
DOI	10.1515/jpm-2022-0438
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Article ; Online: Why maternal mortality in the world remains tragedy in low-income countries and shame for high-income ones: will sustainable development goals (SDG) help?

Kurjak, Asim / Stanojević, Milan / Dudenhausen, Joachim

Journal of perinatal medicine

2022 Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 170–181

Abstract: Maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management. ... ...

Abstract	Maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management. Maternal mortality (MM) and morbidity are a public health issue, with scarce knowledge on their levels and causes in low-income (LIC) countries. The data on MM and morbidity should rely on population-based studies which are non-existent. Therefore, maternal mortality ratio (MMR) estimates are based mostly on the mathematical models. MMR declined from 430 per 100,000 live births (LB) in 1990 to 211 in 2017. Absolute numbers of maternal deaths were 585,000 in 1990, 514,500 in 1995 and less than 300,000 nowadays. Regardless of reduction, MM remains neglected tragedy especially in LIC. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) declared reduction MMR by three quarters between 2000 and 2015, which failed. Target of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was to decrease MMR to 70 per 100,000 LB. Based on the data from the country report on SDGs in 10 countries with the highest absolute number of maternal deaths it can be concluded that the progress has not been made in reaching the targeted MMR. To reduce MMR, inequalities in access to and quality of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health care services should be addressed, together with strengthening health systems to respond to the needs and priorities of women and girls, ensuring accountability to improve quality of care and equity.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Maternal Mortality ; Sustainable Development ; Maternal Death/prevention & control ; Income ; Shame
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123512-6
ISSN	1619-3997 ; 0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
ISSN (online)	1619-3997
ISSN	0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
DOI	10.1515/jpm-2022-0061
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Article: Are Covid-19-positive mothers dangerous for their term and well newborn babies? Is there an answer?

Stanojevic, Milan

J Perinat Med

Abstract	Background The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) is quite a challenging experience for the world. At the moment of birth, the fetus is prepared to face the challenge of labor and the exposure to the outside world, meaning that labor and birth represent the first extrauterine major exposure to a complex microbiota. The vagina, which is a canal for reproduction, is by evolution separated (but not far) from the anus and urethra. Passing through the birthing canal is a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of vaginal and gut microorganisms for the vertical transmission of microbiota not only from our mothers and grandmothers but also from earlier ancestors. Methods Many national and international instructions have been developed since the beginning of the Covid-19 outbreak in January 2020 in Wuhan in China. All of them pointed out hygiene measures, social distancing and avoidance of social contacts as the most important epidemiological preventive measures. Pregnancy and neonatal periods are considered as high risk for Covid-19 infection. Results The instructions defined the care for pregnant women in the delivery room, during a hospital stay and after discharge. The controversial procedures in the care of Covid-19-suspected or -positive asymptomatic women in labor were: mode of delivery, companion during birth and labor, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and visits during a hospital stay. Conclusion There is a hope that instruction on coping with the coronavirus (Covid-19) infection in pregnancy with all proposed interventions affecting mothers, babies and families, besides saving lives, are beneficial and efficient by exerting no harm.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #620938
Database	COVID19

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Article: DR MILAN PETROVI'C. 1886-1963.

STANOJEVIC, V

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo

1964 Volume 92, Page(s) 1–3

Title translation	DR. MILAN PETROVI'C. 1886-1963.
MeSH term(s)	History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Yugoslavia
Language	Undetermined
Publishing date	1964-01
Publishing country	Serbia
Document type	Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128567-1
ISSN	0370-8179 ; 0354-2793 ; 0049-0210
ISSN	0370-8179 ; 0354-2793 ; 0049-0210
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