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Article ; Online: Blooming of a microbial community in an Ediacaran extreme volcanic lake system.

Chraiki, Ibtissam / Chi Fru, Ernest / Somogyi, Andrea / Bouougri, El Hafid / Bankole, Olabode / Ghnahalla, Mohamed / El Albani, Abderrazak

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 9080

Abstract: Ancient aquatic sediments are critical archives for studying early microbial life and the types of environments in which they thrived. The recently characterized Amane Tazgart microbialites in the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, are a rare and well-preserved non- ... ...

Abstract	Ancient aquatic sediments are critical archives for studying early microbial life and the types of environments in which they thrived. The recently characterized Amane Tazgart microbialites in the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, are a rare and well-preserved non-marine deposit that evolved in an alkaline volcanic lake setting during the Ediacaran Period. A multiproxy geochemical toolbox reveals evidence pointing to spatio-temporal ecosystem organization and succession related to changing lake water chemistry. This is marked by secular transition from a cold/dry climate, hypersaline alkaline thermophilic and anoxic-oxic community, to a stable state warm/wet climate fully oxygenated fresh to brackish water ecosystem, predominated by oxygenic stromatolites. Extreme dissolved Arsenic concentrations suggest that these polyextremophiles required robust detoxification mechanisms to circumvent arsenic toxicity and phosphate deficiency. We propose that self-sustaining and versatile anoxic to oxic microbial ecosystems thrived in aquatic continental settings during the Ediacaran Period, when complex life co-evolved with a rise in atmospheric oxygen content.
MeSH term(s)	Lakes ; Ecosystem ; Arsenic ; Microbiota ; Morocco ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Arsenic (N712M78A8G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-36031-5
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Article ; Online: Blooming of a microbial community in an Ediacaran extreme volcanic lake system

Ibtissam Chraiki / Ernest Chi Fru / Andrea Somogyi / El Hafid Bouougri / Olabode Bankole / Mohamed Ghnahalla / Abderrazak El Albani

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Ancient aquatic sediments are critical archives for studying early microbial life and the types of environments in which they thrived. The recently characterized Amane Tazgart microbialites in the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, are a rare and well- ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Ancient aquatic sediments are critical archives for studying early microbial life and the types of environments in which they thrived. The recently characterized Amane Tazgart microbialites in the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, are a rare and well-preserved non-marine deposit that evolved in an alkaline volcanic lake setting during the Ediacaran Period. A multiproxy geochemical toolbox reveals evidence pointing to spatio-temporal ecosystem organization and succession related to changing lake water chemistry. This is marked by secular transition from a cold/dry climate, hypersaline alkaline thermophilic and anoxic–oxic community, to a stable state warm/wet climate fully oxygenated fresh to brackish water ecosystem, predominated by oxygenic stromatolites. Extreme dissolved Arsenic concentrations suggest that these polyextremophiles required robust detoxification mechanisms to circumvent arsenic toxicity and phosphate deficiency. We propose that self-sustaining and versatile anoxic to oxic microbial ecosystems thrived in aquatic continental settings during the Ediacaran Period, when complex life co-evolved with a rise in atmospheric oxygen content.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333 ; 550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A brief history of metal recruitment in protozoan predation.

Yu, Yanshuang / Li, Yuan-Ping / Ren, Kexin / Hao, Xiuli / Fru, Ernest Chi / Rønn, Regin / Rivera, Windell L / Becker, Karsten / Feng, Renwei / Yang, Jun / Rensing, Christopher

Trends in microbiology

2023 Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 465–476

Abstract: Metals and metalloids are used as weapons for predatory feeding by unicellular eukaryotes on prokaryotes. This review emphasizes the role of metal(loid) bioavailability over the course of Earth's history, coupled with eukaryogenesis and the evolution of ... ...

Abstract	Metals and metalloids are used as weapons for predatory feeding by unicellular eukaryotes on prokaryotes. This review emphasizes the role of metal(loid) bioavailability over the course of Earth's history, coupled with eukaryogenesis and the evolution of the mitochondrion to trace the emergence and use of the metal(loid) prey-killing phagosome as a feeding strategy. Members of the genera Acanthamoeba and Dictyostelium use metals such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), and possibly metalloids, to kill their bacterial prey after phagocytosis. We provide a potential timeline on when these capacities first evolved and how they correlate with perceived changes in metal(loid) bioavailability through Earth's history. The origin of phagotrophic eukaryotes must have postdated the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in agreement with redox-dependent modification of metal(loid) bioavailability for phagotrophic poisoning. However, this predatory mechanism is predicted to have evolved much later - closer to the origin of the multicellular metazoans and the evolutionary development of the immune systems.
MeSH term(s)	Metals/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Dictyostelium/metabolism ; Dictyostelium/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Acanthamoeba ; Animals ; Phagosomes/metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism ; Metalloids/metabolism ; Copper/metabolism ; Biological Availability ; Mitochondria/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Metals ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS) ; Metalloids ; Copper (789U1901C5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1158963-2
ISSN	1878-4380 ; 0966-842X
ISSN (online)	1878-4380
ISSN	0966-842X
DOI	10.1016/j.tim.2023.11.008
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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial Activity of Metals and Metalloids.

Li, Yuan Ping / Ben Fekih, Ibtissem / Chi Fru, Ernest / Moraleda-Munoz, Aurelio / Li, Xuanji / Rosen, Barry P / Yoshinaga, Masafumi / Rensing, Christopher

Annual review of microbiology

2021 Volume 75, Page(s) 175–197

Abstract: Competition shapes evolution. Toxic metals and metalloids have exerted selective pressure on life since the rise of the first organisms on the Earth, which has led to the evolution and acquisition of resistance mechanisms against them, as well as ... ...

Abstract	Competition shapes evolution. Toxic metals and metalloids have exerted selective pressure on life since the rise of the first organisms on the Earth, which has led to the evolution and acquisition of resistance mechanisms against them, as well as mechanisms to weaponize them. Microorganisms exploit antimicrobial metals and metalloids to gain competitive advantage over other members of microbial communities. This exerts a strong selective pressure that drives evolution of resistance. This review describes, with a focus on arsenic and copper, how microorganisms exploit metals and metalloids for predation and how metal- and metalloid-dependent predation may have been a driving force for evolution of microbial resistance against metals and metalloids.
MeSH term(s)	Copper/toxicity ; Metalloids
Chemical Substances	Metalloids ; Copper (789U1901C5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	207931-8
ISSN	1545-3251 ; 0066-4227
ISSN (online)	1545-3251
ISSN	0066-4227
DOI	10.1146/annurev-micro-032921-123231
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Article ; Online: Transient fertilization of a post-Sturtian Snowball ocean margin with dissolved phosphate by clay minerals.

Fru, Ernest Chi / Bahri, Jalila Al / Brosson, Christophe / Bankole, Olabode / Aubineau, Jérémie / El Albani, Abderrazzak / Nederbragt, Alexandra / Oldroyd, Anthony / Skelton, Alasdair / Lowhagen, Linda / Webster, David / Fantong, Wilson Y / Mills, Benjamin J W / Alcott, Lewis J / Konhauser, Kurt O / Lyons, Timothy W

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8418

Abstract: Marine sedimentary rocks deposited across the Neoproterozoic Cryogenian Snowball interval, ~720-635 million years ago, suggest that post-Snowball fertilization of shallow continental margin seawater with phosphorus accelerated marine primary productivity, ...

Abstract	Marine sedimentary rocks deposited across the Neoproterozoic Cryogenian Snowball interval, ~720-635 million years ago, suggest that post-Snowball fertilization of shallow continental margin seawater with phosphorus accelerated marine primary productivity, ocean-atmosphere oxygenation, and ultimately the rise of animals. However, the mechanisms that sourced and delivered bioavailable phosphate from land to the ocean are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate a causal relationship between clay mineral production by the melting Sturtian Snowball ice sheets and a short-lived increase in seawater phosphate bioavailability by at least 20-fold and oxygenation of an immediate post-Sturtian Snowball ocean margin. Bulk primary sediment inputs and inferred dissolved seawater phosphate dynamics point to a relatively low marine phosphate inventory that limited marine primary productivity and seawater oxygenation before the Sturtian glaciation, and again in the later stages of the succeeding interglacial greenhouse interval.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-44240-9
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Article ; Online: Geodynamic seawater-sediment porewater evolution of the east central Atlantic Paleogene ocean margin revealed by U-Pb dating of sedimentary phosphates

Jérémie Aubineau / Fleurice Parat / Ernest Chi Fru / Radouan El Bamiki / Olivia Mauguin / Fabien Baron / Marc Poujol / Michel Séranne

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests that U-Pb and Lu-Hf ages of sedimentary apatite group minerals are often younger than their biostratigraphic ages. However, U-Pb dating of exquisitely preserved carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) is rare. The Upper Cretaceous/ ... ...

Abstract	Emerging evidence suggests that U-Pb and Lu-Hf ages of sedimentary apatite group minerals are often younger than their biostratigraphic ages. However, U-Pb dating of exquisitely preserved carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) is rare. The Upper Cretaceous/Paleogene marine sedimentary rocks of the Moroccan High Atlas host phosphate-rich sediments bracketed by calcareous nannofossil Zones (NP4-NP9) of late Danian to Thanetian age. Here, we use a laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to decipher whether CFA minerals are suitable for U-Pb chronostratigraphy and whether they can reveal the sedimentary and seawater history from which they formed. U-Pb dating of the CFA grains yields ages of 42.9 ± 1.3 Ma (MSWD = 2.3) and 35.7 ± 2.8 Ma (MSWD = 1.3) from three distinct phosphate-rich beds, being >15 million years younger than the expected biostratigraphic age. Combined scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy analyses, associate the Mg-rich clay minerals sepiolite and palygorskite, with micro-CFA crystals, while LA-ICP-MS trace element, rare earth element, and yttrium content for primary CFA grains, collectively point to long-term early diagenetic adsorption from oxygenated seawater-dominated porewater fluids. Authigenic clay minerals display a seawater-like pattern, with negligible U concentrations suggesting limited clay mineral influence on U-Pb dating of the CFA crystals. Considering the absence of extensive post-depositional alteration, we propose that because of their large surface area, the µm-sized CFA crystallites facilitated real-time surface adsorption and desorption of elements and diffusion processes. These conditions generated long-term open system connection of sediments with overlying seawater, enabling continuous U-Pb exchange for 15–25 Myr after phosphate precipitation. The data suggest that system closure was potentially associated with sediment lithification and the Atlas orogeny, pointing to stable oxygenation of shallow marine waters ...
Keywords	carbonate fluorapatite ; in situ U-Pb dating ; Moroccan High Atlas ; Paleogene ; seawater signature ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Copper Biogeochemistry: A Cornerstone in Aerobic Methanotrophic Bacterial Ecology and Activity?

Fru, Ernest Chi

Geomicrobiology journal. 2011 Sept. 1, v. 28, no. 7

2011

Abstract: Two distinct enzymatic pathways are implicated in the key step whereby methane is converted to methanol by the aerobic methane oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs). These two enzymes, soluble and particulate methane monooxygenases (sMMO and pMMO, ... ...

Abstract	Two distinct enzymatic pathways are implicated in the key step whereby methane is converted to methanol by the aerobic methane oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs). These two enzymes, soluble and particulate methane monooxygenases (sMMO and pMMO, respectively), are evolutionarily unrelated. However, the activities of these enzymes are tightly linked to copper, which is central to the switch responsible for regulating MMO expression. When bioavailable copper exceeds a certain threshold relative to cell biomass, pMMO is expressed and its activity maintained by available copper. Below this threshold or when copper is entirely absent, sMMO catalyses methane oxidation. The individual forms of MMO degrade methane and hydrocarbon pollutants at different rates and efficiencies. Typically, pMMO is by up to 30% more efficient at methane degradation as opposed to sMMO which is more effective in the transformation of a wide range of hazardous hydrocarbons than pMMO. Consequently, the type of MMO expressed influences the ability of methanotrophs to effectively act as biological filters curtailing methane input into the atmosphere and for bioremediation. Because of the crucial requirement of copper some methanotrophs produce chalkophores specifically involved in copper trafficking. These chalkophores can in addition bind a variety of earth metals with varying affinities. Methanotrophs can also extract copper from various minerals thereby implicating them in weathering processes. The abundance of the methanotrophic bacteria in nature implies a significant amount of copper and iron in the geobiosphere that form the core of the MMOs, is regularly cycled through these organisms. This discussion is focused on methanotrohphic bacterial population dynamics observed during growth on various copper species, to extrapolate their impact on geomicrobiological processes.
Keywords	biofilters ; biogeochemistry ; biomass ; bioremediation ; copper ; enzymes ; iron ; methane ; methanol ; methanotrophs ; minerals ; oxidation ; pollutants ; population dynamics ; weathering
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-0901
Size	p. 601-614.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1482560-0
ISSN	1521-0529 ; 0149-0451
ISSN (online)	1521-0529
ISSN	0149-0451
DOI	10.1080/01490451.2011.581325
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Article ; Online: Compositions and mobility of major, δD, δ

Fantong, Wilson Y / Jokam Nenkam, Therese L L / Nbendah, Pierre / Kimbi, Sharon B / Fru, Ernest Chi / Kamtchueng, Brice T / Takoundjou, Alain F / Tejiobou, Alex R / Ngueutchoua, Gabriel / Kringel, Robert

Environmental geochemistry and health

2020 Volume 42, Issue 9, Page(s) 2975–3013

Abstract: Hydro-geochemical data are required for understanding of water quality, provenance, and chemical composition for the 2,117,700 ... ...

Abstract	Hydro-geochemical data are required for understanding of water quality, provenance, and chemical composition for the 2,117,700 km
MeSH term(s)	Cameroon ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Groundwater/analysis ; Groundwater/chemistry ; Humans ; Kaolin/chemistry ; Metals, Rare Earth/analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Public Health ; Rivers/chemistry ; Trace Elements/analysis ; Water Wells
Chemical Substances	Metals, Rare Earth ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Oxygen-18 ; Trace Elements ; Kaolin (24H4NWX5CO)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	52039-1
ISSN	1573-2983 ; 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
ISSN (online)	1573-2983
ISSN	0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
DOI	10.1007/s10653-020-00539-w
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Article ; Online: Methane fluxes from coastal sediments are enhanced by macrofauna.

Bonaglia, Stefano / Brüchert, Volker / Callac, Nolwenn / Vicenzi, Alessandra / Chi Fru, Ernest / Nascimento, Francisco J A

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 13145

Abstract: Methane and nitrous oxide are potent greenhouse gases (GHGs) that contribute to climate change. Coastal sediments are important GHG producers, but the contribution of macrofauna (benthic invertebrates larger than 1 mm) inhabiting them is currently ... ...

Abstract	Methane and nitrous oxide are potent greenhouse gases (GHGs) that contribute to climate change. Coastal sediments are important GHG producers, but the contribution of macrofauna (benthic invertebrates larger than 1 mm) inhabiting them is currently unknown. Through a combination of trace gas, isotope, and molecular analyses, we studied the direct and indirect contribution of two macrofaunal groups, polychaetes and bivalves, to methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from coastal sediments. Our results indicate that macrofauna increases benthic methane efflux by a factor of up to eight, potentially accounting for an estimated 9.5% of total emissions from the Baltic Sea. Polychaetes indirectly enhance methane efflux through bioturbation, while bivalves have a direct effect on methane release. Bivalves host archaeal methanogenic symbionts carrying out preferentially hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, as suggested by analysis of methane isotopes. Low temperatures (8 °C) also stimulate production of nitrous oxide, which is consumed by benthic denitrifying bacteria before it reaches the water column. We show that macrofauna contributes to GHG production and that the extent is dependent on lineage. Thus, macrofauna may play an important, but overlooked role in regulating GHG production and exchange in coastal sediment ecosystems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-13263-w
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Book ; Thesis: Molecular characterization of the microbial diversity in natural and engineered intraterrestrial environments

Fru, Ernest Chi

a focus on igneous rock aquifers

2006

Author's details	Ernest Chi Fru
Language	English
Size	1 v. (various pagings) :, ill. ;, 25 cm.
Publisher	Göteborg University, Faculty of Science
Publishing place	Göteborg, Sweden
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborg University, 2006
Note	Errata slip inserted.
ISBN	9162869558 ; 9789162869557
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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