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Article ; Online: Antibacterial assessment of commercially available hand sanitizers in Pakistan by EN-1500.

Farooq, Hajra / Saleem, Sidrah / Haq, Faiz Ul

2023 Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 195–201

Abstract: Background: The effectiveness of hand sanitizers marketed to the general population is essential for infection prevention and control. Main theme of the study was that whether the commercially available hand sanitizers meet the WHO recommended standards ...

Abstract	Background: The effectiveness of hand sanitizers marketed to the general population is essential for infection prevention and control. Main theme of the study was that whether the commercially available hand sanitizers meet the WHO recommended standards in terms of efficacy? Current study aims to investigate the efficacy of ten commercially available hand sanitizers. Methods: The methodology was based on European Standard EN-1500. Following the artificial contamination of hands, pre and post samples were obtained to determine the log reduction values for each sanitizer. Results: The results showed that out of ten only one sanitizer showed highest log reduction which was comparable to the reference product. Product B was most efficient in sanitization of hands with mean log reduction of 6.00 ± 0.15. The lowest sanitization efficacy was recorded for product F with mean log reduction of 2.40 ± 0.51, however the reference product 2-propanol result in mean log reduction of 6.0 ± 0.00. The products used in this study show a statistical significant results (p value: < 0.01). Conclusion: It is concluded that only one product showed active sanitizer efficacy. This study provides an important insight for manufacturing company and authorizing authorities to assess the efficacy of hand sanitizer. Hand sanitization is one approach to stop the spread of diseases carried on by harmful bacteria inhabiting our hands. Apart from the manufacturing strategies, ensuring proper use and quantity of hand sanitizers is very important.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hand Sanitizers/pharmacology ; Pakistan ; Hand Disinfection ; 1-Propanol ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Chemical Substances	Hand Sanitizers ; 1-Propanol (96F264O9SV) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2902143-1
ISSN	2468-0869 ; 2468-0451
ISSN (online)	2468-0869
ISSN	2468-0451
DOI	10.1016/j.idh.2023.03.002
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Article ; Online: A deep learning‐based framework to identify and characterise heterogeneous secure network traffic

Faiz Ul Islam / Guangjie Liu / Weiwei Liu / Qazi Mazhar ul Haq

IET Information Security, Vol 17, Iss 2, Pp 294-

2023 Volume 308

Abstract: Abstract The evergrowing diversity of encrypted and anonymous network traffic makes network management more formidable to manage the network traffic. An intelligent system is essential to analyse and identify network traffic accurately. Network ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The evergrowing diversity of encrypted and anonymous network traffic makes network management more formidable to manage the network traffic. An intelligent system is essential to analyse and identify network traffic accurately. Network management needs such techniques to improve the Quality of Service and ensure the flow of secure network traffic. However, due to the usage of non‐standard ports and encryption of data payloads, the classical port‐based and payload‐based classification techniques fail to classify the secured network traffic. To solve the above‐mentioned problems, this paper proposed an effective deep learning‐based framework employed with flow‐time‐based features to predict heterogeneous secure network traffic best. The state‐of‐the‐art machine learning strategies (C4.5, random forest, and K‐nearest neighbour) are investigated for comparison. The proposed 1D‐CNN model achieved higher accuracy in classifying the heterogeneous secure network traffic. In the next step, the proposed deep learning model characterises the major categories (virtual private network traffic, the onion router network traffic, and plain encrypted network traffic) into several application types. The experimental results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed deep learning framework, which yields improved predictive power compared to the state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques employed for secure network traffic analysis.
Keywords	deep learning ; encrypted network traffic ; machine learning ; network traffic classification ; TOR network ; virtual private network (VPN) ; Computer engineering. Computer hardware ; TK7885-7895 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Investigation of Three Morchella Species for Anticancer Activity Against Colon Cancer Cell Lines by UPLC-MS-Based Chemical Analysis

Haq, Faiz Ul / Imran, Muhammad / Saleem, Sidrah / Rāfiʻ, ʻAlī / Jammāl, Muḥsin

Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2023 Jan., v. 195, no. 1 p.486-504

2023

Abstract: In search of new anticancer agents, natural products including fungal compounds had been used as potential anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of Morchella extracts against colon cancer cell line and UPLC- ... ...

Abstract	In search of new anticancer agents, natural products including fungal compounds had been used as potential anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of Morchella extracts against colon cancer cell line and UPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis for the identification of compounds. The cytotoxic activity of the three Morchella species was examined for their anti-carcinogenic properties against the colon cancer cell lines. Phytochemical analyses were performed to screen Morchella for the presence of anti-cancerous compounds. All the fungal extracts inhibited the viability of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Major compounds identified in Morchella included amino acid, fatty acid, sterol, flavonoid, peptide, glutamic acid, alkaloid, terpenoid, cyclopyrrolones, and coumarin. Several new compounds were detected among all the three Morchella extracts. In conclusion, all the fungal extracts showed potential inhibition of colon cancer cells and actively arrested the cell viability. It was concluded that the identified bioactive compounds might be the main constituents contributing to the anticancer activity of Morchella against human colon cancer cell lines. Thus, Morchella extracts are a potential source of bioactive compounds with cytotoxicity and could potentially be used as functional food supplements. Due to the nature of impressive findings, this investigation should be undertaken further to allow the studies to explore and develop a potential cytotoxic agents against colon cancer.
Keywords	Morchella ; alkaloids ; antineoplastic activity ; cell lines ; cell viability ; chemical analysis ; colorectal neoplasms ; coumarin ; cytotoxicity ; dose response ; fatty acids ; flavonoids ; functional foods ; fungi ; glutamic acid ; humans ; neoplasm cells ; peptides ; sterols ; terpenoids
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 486-504.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	392344-7
ISSN	0273-2289
ISSN	0273-2289
DOI	10.1007/s12010-022-04131-z
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Article ; Online: Antibacterial Activity of Different Extracts of Ascomata of Morchella conica and M. esculenta (Ascomycota) against Salmonella Species.

Haq, Faiz Ul / Imran, Muhammad / Saleem, Sidrah / Waheed, Yasir

International journal of medicinal mushrooms

2022 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 85–95

Abstract: Antibiotic resistance has become a worldwide concern, as it has reduced the clinical efficiency of multiple antibiotics. As a result, screening of novel antibacterial substances for antimicrobial potential has increased. Mushrooms are widely known as a ... ...

Abstract	Antibiotic resistance has become a worldwide concern, as it has reduced the clinical efficiency of multiple antibiotics. As a result, screening of novel antibacterial substances for antimicrobial potential has increased. Mushrooms are widely known as a source of antimicrobial agents. The current study was designed to investigate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of Morchella conica and M. esculenta against typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella species. The sensitivity of S. typhi, S. paratyphi-A, and S. typhimurium was determined using an agar diffusion assay. The standard broth microdilution method was used to assess the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Bacterial growth and inhibition kinetics were evaluated spectrophotometrically. All of the mushroom extracts were able to inhibit the growth of typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella species. Notably, all of the extracts possessed bacteriostatic effects (MIC: 3.33 ± 0.6 to 16.0 ± 0 mg/mL) and bactericidal effects (MBC: 8-16 mg/mL). The results showed statistically significant differences of antibacterial and bactericidal potential of mushroom extracts against the tested bacteria (P ≤ 0.05). Thus, extracts of Morchella species can be used as natural antibacterial pharmaceuticals. Further mycopharmacological studies must be performed to characterize their metabolites.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Ascomycota ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Salmonella
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2108803-2
ISSN	1940-4344 ; 1521-9437
ISSN (online)	1940-4344
ISSN	1521-9437
DOI	10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022044572
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Article ; Online: Diagnosis of ''Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric biopsy'' by rapid urease test, histopathology and Raman spectroscopy.

Haider, Syed Iqbal / Akhtar, Naeem / Saleem, Muhammad / Ahmed, Sheraz / Nadeem, Shiza / Amjad, Maham / Ul Haq, Faiz

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease

2023 Volume 108, Issue 1, Page(s) 116129

Abstract: This study aim to investigate the diagnostic potential of Raman spectroscopy in comparison with rapid urease test and histopathology in diagnosis of H. pylori infection. A comparative study was conducted at Pathology Laboratory and a total of 94 samples ... ...

Abstract	This study aim to investigate the diagnostic potential of Raman spectroscopy in comparison with rapid urease test and histopathology in diagnosis of H. pylori infection. A comparative study was conducted at Pathology Laboratory and a total of 94 samples were collected from patients based on Rome IV criteria. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of histopathology, rapid urease test and for Raman spectroscopy were investigated. Rapid urease test showed 23 false negative results of H. pylori as compared to Raman spectroscopy and histopathology. We concluded that Raman spectroscopy showed sensitivity (94.5%), accuracy (94.0%) and specificity of (87.5%) in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. However rapid urease test showed specificity of 92.5% while low sensitivity 75%, and 78% accuracy as compared to Raman spectroscopy and histopathology . This study illustrates the applicability of Raman spectroscopy as a potent innovative detection tool for the molecular detection of H. pylori infection in gastritis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Urease ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Biopsy
Chemical Substances	Urease (EC 3.5.1.5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604920-5
ISSN	1879-0070 ; 0732-8893
ISSN (online)	1879-0070
ISSN	0732-8893
DOI	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116129
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Article ; Online: Severity of Dengue Viral Infection Based on Clinical and Hematological Parameters among Pakistani Patients.

Haq, Faiz Ul / Imran, Muhammad / Aslam, Zeenaf / Mukhtar, Farhan / Jabeen, Kokab / Chaudhry, Mahnoor / Rahman, Saeed Ur / Muhammad, Nasir

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2023 Volume 109, Issue 6, Page(s) 1284–1289

Abstract: The global burden of dengue infections has increased dramatically. Early diagnosis of dengue infection is critical to proper medical management to avoid further complications in patients. This study was geared to assess the severity of dengue infections ... ...

Abstract	The global burden of dengue infections has increased dramatically. Early diagnosis of dengue infection is critical to proper medical management to avoid further complications in patients. This study was geared to assess the severity of dengue infections based on clinical and hematological examinations. A cross-sectional study was conducted among febrile patients with dengue infection in a teaching hospital in Pakistan. Blood samples were investigated for dengue-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) and the nonstructural 1 antigen. The clinical findings of each subject were noted to assess the severity of the infection. Tests for hematological parameters were performed. Of 130 patients with confirmed dengue infection, 23 had severe and 107 had nonsevere dengue. Patients with severe dengue experienced mucosal bleeding (71.4%), fluid accumulation (57.1%), shock (35.7%), and gastrointestinal bleeding (28.6%). The most significant hematological findings among severe and nonsevere patients with dengue infection were thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and a raised hematocrit level (P < 0.001). Patients with severe dengue infection showed marked thrombocytopenia, with a mean platelet count of 49.96 × 109 platelets/L. The clinical presentation of patients with dengue infection along with hematological markers are the most important clues for the diagnosis of, prognosis of, and therapy for dengue infection. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and raised hematocrit levels were the most significant hematological parameters when assessing the severity of dengue infection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Severe Dengue/diagnosis ; Severe Dengue/epidemiology ; Severe Dengue/complications ; Dengue/complications ; Dengue/diagnosis ; Dengue/epidemiology ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Thrombocytopenia ; Leukopenia ; Hospitals, Teaching
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.23-0309
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Article ; Online: Investigation of Three Morchella Species for Anticancer Activity Against Colon Cancer Cell Lines by UPLC-MS-Based Chemical Analysis.

Haq, Faiz Ul / Imran, Muhammad / Saleem, Sidrah / Rafi, Ali / Jamal, Muhsin

Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

2022

Abstract	In search of new anticancer agents, natural products including fungal compounds had been used as potential anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of Morchella extracts against colon cancer cell line and UPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis for the identification of compounds. The cytotoxic activity of the three Morchella species was examined for their anti-carcinogenic properties against the colon cancer cell lines. Phytochemical analyses were performed to screen Morchella for the presence of anti-cancerous compounds. All the fungal extracts inhibited the viability of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Major compounds identified in Morchella included amino acid, fatty acid, sterol, flavonoid, peptide, glutamic acid, alkaloid, terpenoid, cyclopyrrolones, and coumarin. Several new compounds were detected among all the three Morchella extracts. In conclusion, all the fungal extracts showed potential inhibition of colon cancer cells and actively arrested the cell viability. It was concluded that the identified bioactive compounds might be the main constituents contributing to the anticancer activity of Morchella against human colon cancer cell lines. Thus, Morchella extracts are a potential source of bioactive compounds with cytotoxicity and could potentially be used as functional food supplements. Due to the nature of impressive findings, this investigation should be undertaken further to allow the studies to explore and develop a potential cytotoxic agents against colon cancer.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392344-7
ISSN	1559-0291 ; 0273-2289
ISSN (online)	1559-0291
ISSN	0273-2289
DOI	10.1007/s12010-022-04131-z
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Article: Investigation of Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica for their antibacterial potential against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

Haq, Faiz Ul / Imran, Muhammad / Saleem, Sidrah / Aftab, Usman / Ghazal, Ayesha

Archives of microbiology. 2022 July, v. 204, no. 7

2022

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is an alarming problem, especially due to emergence of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). World Health Organization (WHO) has already listed MRSA as a top priority pathogen for the development of novel ... ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial resistance is an alarming problem, especially due to emergence of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). World Health Organization (WHO) has already listed MRSA as a top priority pathogen for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Presently, different therapeutic approaches against bacterial infections are in practice which includes targeting bacterial virulence factors, bacteriophage therapy, and manipulation of the microbiome. Natural products have been efficiently used for centuries to combat bacterial infections. Morchella is a natural fungal product which has been reported to possess broad-spectrum biological activities against bacterial infections. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of two macro-fungi against S. aureus, MRSA, and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes). The antibacterial potential of both fungal extracts (Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica) was evaluated using disk diffusion and standard broth microdilution methods. The chemical compounds of both fungi were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (UPLC–MS) analysis. All fungal extracts inhibited growth of tested bacteria with inhibitory zone ranging from 10.66 ± 0.3 to 21.00 ± 1.5 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested bacterial growth ranged from 03.33 to 16.0 mg/ml. It was noteworthy that Morchella extracts prevented S. aureus growth in a bactericidal manner with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8–16 mg/ml. The extracts were also more effective against MRSA than currently available antibiotics. In conclusion, the growth inhibition of tested bacteria by fungal extracts revealed their potential as antibacterial agents and their compounds may be used as drug candidates.
Keywords	Morchella esculenta ; Streptococcus pyogenes ; World Health Organization ; antibacterial properties ; antibiotic resistance ; bacterial growth ; bacteriophages ; drugs ; fungi ; growth retardation ; mass spectrometry ; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; microbiome ; minimum inhibitory concentration ; pathogens ; therapeutics ; ultra-performance liquid chromatography ; virulence
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Size	p. 391.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	124824-8
ISSN	1432-072X ; 0302-8933
ISSN (online)	1432-072X
ISSN	0302-8933
DOI	10.1007/s00203-022-03003-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Investigation of Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica for their antibacterial potential against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Haq, Faiz Ul / Imran, Muhammad / Saleem, Sidrah / Aftab, Usman / Ghazal, Ayesha

Archives of microbiology

2022 Volume 204, Issue 7, Page(s) 391

Abstract	Antimicrobial resistance is an alarming problem, especially due to emergence of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). World Health Organization (WHO) has already listed MRSA as a top priority pathogen for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Presently, different therapeutic approaches against bacterial infections are in practice which includes targeting bacterial virulence factors, bacteriophage therapy, and manipulation of the microbiome. Natural products have been efficiently used for centuries to combat bacterial infections. Morchella is a natural fungal product which has been reported to possess broad-spectrum biological activities against bacterial infections. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of two macro-fungi against S. aureus, MRSA, and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes). The antibacterial potential of both fungal extracts (Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica) was evaluated using disk diffusion and standard broth microdilution methods. The chemical compounds of both fungi were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS) analysis. All fungal extracts inhibited growth of tested bacteria with inhibitory zone ranging from 10.66 ± 0.3 to 21.00 ± 1.5 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested bacterial growth ranged from 03.33 to 16.0 mg/ml. It was noteworthy that Morchella extracts prevented S. aureus growth in a bactericidal manner with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8-16 mg/ml. The extracts were also more effective against MRSA than currently available antibiotics. In conclusion, the growth inhibition of tested bacteria by fungal extracts revealed their potential as antibacterial agents and their compounds may be used as drug candidates.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Ascomycota ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Methicillin/pharmacology ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus pyogenes ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Plant Extracts ; Methicillin (Q91FH1328A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124824-8
ISSN	1432-072X ; 0302-8933
ISSN (online)	1432-072X
ISSN	0302-8933
DOI	10.1007/s00203-022-03003-8
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Article ; Online: Mutational analysis of FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes in children with Myelomeningocele.

Hussain, Nageen / Malik, Saira / Faiz, Tayyaba / Shafqat, Fiza / Khan, Ayaz Ali / Haq, Taqweem Ul / Ali, Waqar / Aziz, Tariq / Alharbi, Metab / Alshammari, Abdulrahman / Alasmari, Abdullah F

Acta biochimica Polonica

2023 Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 885–889

Abstract: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a congenital disease. For a long time, molecular mechanism of MMC, the role of folate receptor and transporter proteins remain unclear. Folate from maternal lumen to developing embryo is carried out with the help of folate ... ...

Abstract	Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a congenital disease. For a long time, molecular mechanism of MMC, the role of folate receptor and transporter proteins remain unclear. Folate from maternal lumen to developing embryo is carried out with the help of folate transporters (SLC46A1, SLC19A1, FOLH1 and SLC25A32) and folate receptor (FOLR1, FOLR2 and FOLR3). Due to the loss of function of these important genes, complications can facilitate the risk of MMC. This study focused on the mutational analysis of FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes in children suffering from MMC. Myelomeningocele is a rare disorder so twenty blood samples from the children were collected. Primers of selected exons for FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes were designed with the help of PrimerFox software. Extracted DNA was amplified, and PCR based mutational analysis was done to check any type of mutation/SNPs in these genes. Sanger sequencing method was performed to confirm mutation in FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes. The results showed that certain environmental factors (smoking, low socio-economic status of mother bearing MMC fetus) were found to be significantly (P<0.05) associated with MMC but no mutation in the selected exons of FOLR1 and FOLR2 genes was detected. Thus, genetic variations in the folate transporter gene may have no role in the progression of MMC in the studied population.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Meningomyelocele/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Exons/genetics ; Folic Acid/metabolism ; Folate Receptor 1/genetics ; Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter/genetics ; Folate Receptor 2/genetics
Chemical Substances	Carrier Proteins ; Folic Acid (935E97BOY8) ; FOLR1 protein, human ; Folate Receptor 1 ; SLC46A1 protein, human ; Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter ; FOLR2 protein, human ; Folate Receptor 2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	595762-x
ISSN	1734-154X ; 0001-527X
ISSN (online)	1734-154X
ISSN	0001-527X
DOI	10.18388/abp.2020_6729
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