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Article ; Online: Strengthening long-lasting insecticidal nets effectiveness monitoring using retrospective analysis of cross-sectional, population-based surveys across sub-Saharan Africa.

Janko, Mark M / Churcher, Thomas S / Emch, Michael E / Meshnick, Steven R

2018 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 17110

Abstract: Bed nets averted 68% of malaria cases in Africa between 2000 and 2015. However, concerns over insecticide resistance, bed net durability and the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are growing. To assess the effectiveness of LLINs of ... ...

Abstract	Bed nets averted 68% of malaria cases in Africa between 2000 and 2015. However, concerns over insecticide resistance, bed net durability and the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are growing. To assess the effectiveness of LLINs of different ages and insecticides against malaria, we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study using data from 162,963 children younger than 5 years of age participating in 33 Demographic and Health and Malaria Indicator Surveys conducted in 21 countries between 2009 and 2016. We used Bayesian logistic regression to estimate associations between LLIN age, insecticide type, and malaria. Children sleeping under LLINs the previous night experienced 21% lower odds of malaria infection than children who did not (odds ratio [OR] 0.79; 95% Uncertainty Interval [UI] 0.76-0.82). Nets less than one year of age exhibited the strongest protective effect (OR 0.75; 95% UI 0.72-0.79), and protection weakened as net age increased. LLINs containing different insecticides exhibited similar protection (OR
MeSH term(s)	Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Animals ; Anopheles/drug effects ; Anopheles/parasitology ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Insecticide-Treated Bednets/statistics & numerical data ; Malaria/diagnosis ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Malaria/transmission ; Male ; Mosquito Control ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-018-35353-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Molecular pharmacology of protozoan parasites.

Meshnick, S R

Parasitology today (Personal ed.)

2004 Volume 2, Issue 8, Page(s) 221–223

Language	English
Publishing date	2004-09-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632787-4
ISSN	0169-4758
ISSN	0169-4758
DOI	10.1016/0169-4758(86)90086-4
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of Rickettsia Species (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in Dermacentor variabilis Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in North Carolina.

Kakumanu, Madhavi L / Ponnusamy, Loganathan / Sutton, Haley / Meshnick, Steven R / Nicholson, William L / Apperson, Charles S

Journal of medical entomology

2018 Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 1284–1291

Abstract: ... gels, indicating infection with Rickettsia spp. RLBH analyses showed R. amblyommatis (formerly ... Candidatus R. amblyommii'), R. parkeri, and R. montanensis were predominant, while other Rickettsia species ... detected included R. conorii-like, R. massiliae, R. rhipicephali, R. canadensis, R. bellii, and ...

Abstract	The American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), is a vector of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, including Rickettsia rickettsii the causative organism of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). In North Carolina, SFG rickettsioses (including RMSF) are a leading cause of tick-borne illness. Knowledge of the infection rate and geographic distribution of D. variabilis ticks infected with Rickettsia spp. provides information on the spatial distribution of public health risk. Accordingly, we extracted genomic DNA from adult D. variabilis collected from field habitats in 32 North Carolina counties from 2009 to 2013. A nested PCR assay of the 23S-5S intergenic spacer (IGS) region of Rickettsia coupled with reverse line blot hybridization (RLBH) with species-specific probes was used to detect and identify rickettsiae to species. Approximately half of the 532 tick DNA samples exhibited a band of the expected size on agarose gels, indicating infection with Rickettsia spp. RLBH analyses showed R. amblyommatis (formerly 'Candidatus R. amblyommii'), R. parkeri, and R. montanensis were predominant, while other Rickettsia species detected included R. conorii-like, R. massiliae, R. rhipicephali, R. canadensis, R. bellii, and some unknown Rickettsia spp. Some ticks were infected with more than one Rickettsia species. Notably, several Rickettsia-positive ticks harbored R. rickettsii. DNA sequencing was performed on a portion of the 23S-5S IGS amplicons and the results were concordant with RLB assay results. We conclude that Rickettsia spp. are common in D. variabilis in North Carolina. Geographic patterns in the occurrence of Rickettsia-infected D. variabilis ticks across the counties sampled are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dermacentor/microbiology ; North Carolina ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Rickettsia/genetics ; Rickettsia/isolation & purification
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	1938-2928 ; 0022-2585
ISSN (online)	1938-2928
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjy074
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Article ; Online: Association between lone star tick bites and increased alpha-gal sensitization: evidence from a prospective cohort of outdoor workers.

Mitchell, Cedar L / Lin, Feng-Chang / Vaughn, Meagan / Apperson, Charles S / Meshnick, Steven R / Commins, Scott P

Parasites & vectors

2020 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 470

Abstract: Background: Alpha-gal is an oligosaccharide implicated in delayed anaphylaxis following red meat consumption. Exposure to tick bites has been correlated with development of an allergic response to alpha-gal. However, evidence prospectively linking ... ...

Abstract	Background: Alpha-gal is an oligosaccharide implicated in delayed anaphylaxis following red meat consumption. Exposure to tick bites has been correlated with development of an allergic response to alpha-gal. However, evidence prospectively linking exposure to a single tick species and an immune response to alpha-gal is lacking. Methods: We used serum samples from a prior study cohort of outdoor workers in North Carolina, USA, with high exposure to the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, to prospectively evaluate the relationship between tick bites and anti-alpha-gal IgE antibodies. Results: Individuals who reported exposure to one or more tick bites were significantly more likely to have a positive change in anti-alpha-gal IgE compared to individuals with no reported tick bites. This relationship was not dependent on time. A trend toward increasing number of tick bites and increased anti-alpha-gal IgE levels was observed but not statistically significant. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to prospectively link documented exposure to A. americanum bites and increased sensitization to alpha-gal in a cohort of outdoor workers. Our results support the role of A. americanum as likely agents for eliciting an allergic response to red meat, and highlight the importance of preventing tick bites.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Amblyomma/immunology ; Amblyomma/physiology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Disaccharides/immunology ; Farmers ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity/blood ; Food Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Food Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Immunoglobulin E/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; North Carolina ; Prospective Studies ; Red Meat/adverse effects ; Tick Bites/complications ; Tick Bites/immunology ; Tick Bites/parasitology
Chemical Substances	Disaccharides ; galactosyl-(1-3)galactose (13168-24-6) ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-020-04343-4
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Article ; Online: Pyrethroid insecticides maintain repellent effect on knock-down resistant populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Bowman, Natalie M / Akialis, Kristin / Cave, Grayson / Barrera, Roberto / Apperson, Charles S / Meshnick, Steven R

PloS one

2018 Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) e0196410

Abstract: Pyrethroid-treated clothing is commonly worn for protection against mosquitoes; pyrethroids are both insecticides and repellents. Pyrethroid resistance has become increasingly common in Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, Zika, and other arboviruses, ... ...

Abstract	Pyrethroid-treated clothing is commonly worn for protection against mosquitoes; pyrethroids are both insecticides and repellents. Pyrethroid resistance has become increasingly common in Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, Zika, and other arboviruses, but it is not clear whether resistance is associated with reductions in repellency. In order to determine whether long-lasting permethrin impregnated (LLPI) clothing is protective, we used Aedes aegypti from New Orleans, LA (pyrethroid-sensitive) and San Juan, PR (resistant) to measure both lethality and repellency. PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm resistance status by detecting mutations in the kdr gene at positions 1016 and 1534. Arm-in-cage trials of 100 Aedes aegypti females from both populations were performed for 10 minutes to bare arm or an arm clothed in untreated military camouflage or military camouflage impregnated with deltamethrin, permethrin, or etofenprox. Trials were repeated 4-5 times on different days. Number of landings, number of blood meals, and immediate and 24-hour mortality were recorded. Mortality was extremely low in all trials. Compared to untreated cloth, mosquitoes demonstrated a trend towards a 2%-63% reduction in landings and a statistically significant 78-100% reduction in blood feeding on pyrethroid-treated cloth for most insecticides. Effects were observed in both pyrethroid-sensitive and pyrethroid-resistant mosquito populations. Our data show that kdr mutations are associated with pyrethroid resistance but are likely not the only contributors. Pyrethroids appear to maintain repellent effect against resistant mosquitoes. This finding suggests that even in places where pyrethroid resistance is widespread, permethrin still has a role for use as a repellent on clothing to protect against mosquito bites.
MeSH term(s)	Aedes/genetics ; Animals ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Insect Repellents ; Insecticide-Treated Bednets ; Insecticides ; Mosquito Control ; Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; Mutation ; Nitriles ; Permethrin ; Pyrethrins ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels/genetics
Chemical Substances	Insect Proteins ; Insect Repellents ; Insecticides ; Nitriles ; Pyrethrins ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels ; ethofenprox (0LD7P9153C) ; decamethrin (2JTS8R821G) ; Permethrin (509F88P9SZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0196410
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Article: Chloroquine as intercalator: a hypothesis revived.

Meshnick, S R

Parasitology today (Personal ed.)

2004 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 77–79

Abstract: The mode of action of chloroquine is still controversial. Proposed mechanisms of action include (1) DNA intercalation, (2) lysosome accumulation and (3) binding to ferriprotoporphyrin IX. Recent data suggest that intercalation into parasite DNA can occur ...

Abstract	The mode of action of chloroquine is still controversial. Proposed mechanisms of action include (1) DNA intercalation, (2) lysosome accumulation and (3) binding to ferriprotoporphyrin IX. Recent data suggest that intercalation into parasite DNA can occur at physiological concentrations of the drug. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship studies are most consistent with the intercalation mechanism. Regardless of which mechanism is correct, the selective toxicity of chloroquine for malaria parasites is probably due to permease-mediated uptake.
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-09-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632787-4
ISSN	0169-4758
ISSN	0169-4758
DOI	10.1016/0169-4758(90)90215-p
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Article ; Online: Reply to Harrington et al.

Gutman, Julie / Taylor, Steve / Meshnick, Steven R / Ter Kuile, Feiko O

The Journal of infectious diseases

2016 Volume 213, Issue 3, Page(s) 497–498

MeSH term(s)	Dihydropteroate Synthase/genetics ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control ; Mutation, Missense ; Plasmodium falciparum/enzymology ; Pregnancy ; Pyrimethamine/pharmacology ; Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use ; Sulfadoxine/pharmacology ; Sulfadoxine/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Sulfadoxine (88463U4SM5) ; Dihydropteroate Synthase (EC 2.5.1.15) ; Pyrimethamine (Z3614QOX8W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiv421
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Article: Drug-resistant Pneumocystis carinii.

Meshnick, S R

Lancet (London, England)

1999 Volume 354, Issue 9187, Page(s) 1318–1319

MeSH term(s)	AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Dapsone/therapeutic use ; Dihydropteroate Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Dihydropteroate Synthase/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Pneumocystis/drug effects ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/prevention & control ; Sulfamethoxazole/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Dapsone (8W5C518302) ; Dihydropteroate Synthase (EC 2.5.1.15) ; Sulfamethoxazole (JE42381TNV)
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-10-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(99)00240-8
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Article: Association between lone star tick bites and increased alpha-gal sensitization: evidence from a prospective cohort of outdoor workers

Mitchell, Cedar L / Lin, Feng-Chang / Vaughn, Meagan / Apperson, Charles S / Meshnick, Steven R / Commins, Scott P

Parasites & vectors. 2020 Dec., v. 13, no. 1

2020

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alpha-gal is an oligosaccharide implicated in delayed anaphylaxis following red meat consumption. Exposure to tick bites has been correlated with development of an allergic response to alpha-gal. However, evidence prospectively linking ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Alpha-gal is an oligosaccharide implicated in delayed anaphylaxis following red meat consumption. Exposure to tick bites has been correlated with development of an allergic response to alpha-gal. However, evidence prospectively linking exposure to a single tick species and an immune response to alpha-gal is lacking. METHODS: We used serum samples from a prior study cohort of outdoor workers in North Carolina, USA, with high exposure to the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, to prospectively evaluate the relationship between tick bites and anti-alpha-gal IgE antibodies. RESULTS: Individuals who reported exposure to one or more tick bites were significantly more likely to have a positive change in anti-alpha-gal IgE compared to individuals with no reported tick bites. This relationship was not dependent on time. A trend toward increasing number of tick bites and increased anti-alpha-gal IgE levels was observed but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to prospectively link documented exposure to A. americanum bites and increased sensitization to alpha-gal in a cohort of outdoor workers. Our results support the role of A. americanum as likely agents for eliciting an allergic response to red meat, and highlight the importance of preventing tick bites.
Keywords	Amblyomma americanum ; anaphylaxis ; blood serum ; immune response ; meat consumption ; oligosaccharides ; red meat ; ticks ; North Carolina
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 470.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-020-04343-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Strengthening long-lasting insecticidal nets effectiveness monitoring using retrospective analysis of cross-sectional, population-based surveys across sub-Saharan Africa

Mark M. Janko / Thomas S. Churcher / Michael E. Emch / Steven R. Meshnick

Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2018 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Bed nets averted 68% of malaria cases in Africa between 2000 and 2015. However, concerns over insecticide resistance, bed net durability and the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are growing. To assess the effectiveness of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Bed nets averted 68% of malaria cases in Africa between 2000 and 2015. However, concerns over insecticide resistance, bed net durability and the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are growing. To assess the effectiveness of LLINs of different ages and insecticides against malaria, we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study using data from 162,963 children younger than 5 years of age participating in 33 Demographic and Health and Malaria Indicator Surveys conducted in 21 countries between 2009 and 2016. We used Bayesian logistic regression to estimate associations between LLIN age, insecticide type, and malaria. Children sleeping under LLINs the previous night experienced 21% lower odds of malaria infection than children who did not (odds ratio [OR] 0.79; 95% Uncertainty Interval [UI] 0.76–0.82). Nets less than one year of age exhibited the strongest protective effect (OR 0.75; 95% UI 0.72–0.79), and protection weakened as net age increased. LLINs containing different insecticides exhibited similar protection (ORdeltamethrin 0.78 [0.75–0.82]; ORpermethrin 0.79 [0.75–0.83]; ORalphacypermethrin 0.85 [0.76–0.94]). Freely-available, population-based surveys can enhance and guide current entomological monitoring amid concerns of insecticide resistance and bed net durability, and be used with locally-collected data to support decisions on LLIN redistribution campaign timing which insecticide to use.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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