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  1. Article ; Online: Does adipose tissue have a role in tuberculosis?

    PrayGod, George

    Expert review of anti-infective therapy

    2020  Volume 18, Issue 9, Page(s) 839–841

    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue/microbiology ; Body Composition/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tuberculosis/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2181279-2
    ISSN 1744-8336 ; 1478-7210
    ISSN (online) 1744-8336
    ISSN 1478-7210
    DOI 10.1080/14787210.2020.1770597
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: HIV Positive status disclosure to sexual partners: a qualitative study to explore experiences and challenges among clients attending HIV care services in North-Western Tanzania.

    Sanga, Erica / Nampewo, Zahara / PrayGod, George / Wringe, Alison

    AIDS care

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 7, Page(s) 953–960

    Abstract: HIV status disclosure rates to sexual partners are low in Tanzania, despite the benefits it confers to both partners. This qualitative study drew on the Disclosure Decision Model to explore the decision by people living with HIV (PLHIV) to disclose, or ... ...

    Abstract HIV status disclosure rates to sexual partners are low in Tanzania, despite the benefits it confers to both partners. This qualitative study drew on the Disclosure Decision Model to explore the decision by people living with HIV (PLHIV) to disclose, or not, their HIV status to their partner. Six focus group discussions and thirty in-depth interviews were conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania in 2019 with PLHIV. Topics covered decision-making around disclosure and disclosure experiences. Thematic content analysis was conducted. Most respondents reported having disclosed their status to their partners. Disclosure was reported to facilitate or hinder the attainment of social goals including having intimate relationships, raising a family, relief from distress and accessing social support. Decisions made by PLHIV about whether to disclose their status were made after weighing up the perceived benefits and risks. The sense of liberty from a guilty conscious, and not "living a lie" were perceived as benefits of disclosure, while fears of stigma, family break-up or abandonment were perceived as risks. Many participants found disclosure was beneficial in promoting their adherence to treatment and clinic appointments. Interventions to support PLHIV with disclosure should include enhanced counselling, strengthening HIV support groups and enhanced assisted partner notification services.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Disclosure ; Sexual Partners ; Tanzania ; HIV Infections ; Sexual Behavior ; Social Stigma ; Truth Disclosure
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1012651-x
    ISSN 1360-0451 ; 0954-0121
    ISSN (online) 1360-0451
    ISSN 0954-0121
    DOI 10.1080/09540121.2021.2012555
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  3. Article ; Online: Prior undernutrition and insulin production several years later in Tanzanian adults.

    Filteau, Suzanne / PrayGod, George / Rehman, Andrea M / Peck, Robert / Jeremiah, Kidola / Krogh-Madsen, Rikke / Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2023  Volume 113, Issue 6, Page(s) 1600–1608

    Abstract: Background: The prevalence, pathology, and existence of malnutrition-associated diabetes remain uncertain, especially with respect to adult-acquired undernutrition.: Objective: The aim was to investigate the association of prior undernutrition (low ... ...

    Abstract Background: The prevalence, pathology, and existence of malnutrition-associated diabetes remain uncertain, especially with respect to adult-acquired undernutrition.
    Objective: The aim was to investigate the association of prior undernutrition (low BMI, in kg/m2), acquired in adulthood and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
    Methods: We followed up 630 adults recruited 7-14 y previously for other studies. Plasma insulin was measured fasting and at 30 and 120 min during an OGTT. The main exposure was BMI measured 7-14 y prior. The main outcome of interest was plasma insulin, controlling for time during the OGTT using generalized estimating equations, and exploratory outcomes were early insulin response (relative change in insulin and glucose from 0-30 min) and relative insulin and glucose AUCs from 0 to 120 min. Current confounding factors were age, sex, BMI, HIV, socioeconomic status, and physical activity.
    Results: In unadjusted analyses, increasing severity of prior malnutrition was associated with lower insulin concentration. In multivariate adjusted analyses, only current BMI was a strong predictor of overall insulin concentration. Associations with prior BMI of insulin responses accounting for glucose were also seen in unadjusted but not adjusted analyses. For insulin concentration but not the outcomes accounting for glucose, there was a sex interaction with prior BMI such that only men had lower insulin if previously malnourished: insulin (pmol/L) at 120 min was 311 (95% CI: 272, 351) for prior BMI ≥18.5, 271 (95% CI: 221, 321) for prior BMI 17.0-18.5, and 237 (95% CI: 194, 297) for prior BMI <17.0; P = 0.03. HIV status showed limited and variable associations with insulin.
    Conclusions: Insulin concentration, fasting and during an OGTT, was normalized in women more than in men several years after adult malnutrition. Chronic malnutrition, as indicated by low prior and current BMI, may contribute to diabetes through low insulin secretion.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin/metabolism ; Male ; Malnutrition/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa438
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  4. Article ; Online: Perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity among people living with HIV: a qualitative study.

    Kitilya, Brenda / Sanga, Erica / PrayGod, George / Kavishe, Bazil Baltazar / Ditlevsen, Kia / Peck, Robert / Olsen, Mette Frahm

    BMC public health

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 360

    Abstract: Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) have low levels of physical activity. Using the social ecological model to understand perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity in this population is of importance for developing contextualised ...

    Abstract Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) have low levels of physical activity. Using the social ecological model to understand perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity in this population is of importance for developing contextualised interventions to improve physical activity in PLWH.
    Method: This was a qualitative sub-study conducted between august and November 2019 as part of a cohort study on diabetes and associated complications in HIV infected in Mwanza, Tanzania. Sixteen in-depth interviews and three focus groups with nine participants in each were conducted. The interviews and focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed and translated into English. The social ecological model was considered during the coding and interpretation of the results. Transcripts were discussed, coded and analyzed using deductive content analysis.
    Results: Forty-three PLWH aged 23-61 years participated in this study. The findings showed that most PLWH perceived physical activity as beneficial to their health. However, their perceptions of physical activity were rooted within existing gender stereotypes and roles in the community. Running and playing football were perceived as activities for men while household chores activities were for women. Further, men were perceived to do more physical activity than women. For women, household chores and income-generating activities were perceived as sufficient physical activity. Social support and engagement of family members and friends in physical activity were reported as facilitators of physical activity. Reported barriers of physical activity were lack of time, money, availability of physical activity facilities and social support groups, and poor information on physical activity from health care providers in HIV clinics. Human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV infection was not perceived by PLWH as a barrier for doing physical activity but most family members did not support them to do physical activity, fearing that it might worsen their condition.
    Conclusion: The findings demonstrated differing perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity among PLWH. Interventions addressing awareness, gender stereotypes and roles related to physical activity from individual to community level are needed. Supportive environment and infrastructures are needed to improve physical activity levels in PLWH in Tanzania.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; HIV ; Cohort Studies ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/complications ; Qualitative Research ; Exercise
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041338-5
    ISSN 1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    ISSN 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-023-15052-9
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  5. Article ; Online: Developmental and Nutritional Changes in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition Provided with

    Mwita, Fredrick Cyprian / PrayGod, George / Sanga, Erica / Setebe, Theresia / Joseph, Gaudensia / Kunzi, Happyness / Webster, Jayne / Gladstone, Melissa / Searle, Rebecca / Ahmed, Maimuna / Hokororo, Adolfine / Filteau, Suzanne / Friis, Henrik / Briend, André / Olsen, Mette Frahm

    Nutrients

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 5

    Abstract: Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are at high risk of impaired development. Contributing causes include the inadequate intake of specific nutrients such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a lack of adequate stimulation. We conducted a ...

    Abstract Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are at high risk of impaired development. Contributing causes include the inadequate intake of specific nutrients such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a lack of adequate stimulation. We conducted a pilot study assessing developmental and nutritional changes in children with SAM provided with a modified ready-to-use therapeutic food and context-specific psychosocial intervention in Mwanza, Tanzania. We recruited 82 children with SAM (6-36 months) and 88 sex- and age-matched non-malnourished children. We measured child development, using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT), measures of family and maternal care for children, and whole-blood PUFA levels. At baseline, the mean total MDAT z-score of children with SAM was lower than non-malnourished children; -2.37 (95% confidence interval: -2.92; -1.82), as were their total
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Docosahexaenoic Acids ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Pilot Projects ; Severe Acute Malnutrition ; Tanzania ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool
    Chemical Substances Docosahexaenoic Acids (25167-62-8) ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid (AAN7QOV9EA) ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu16050692
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  6. Article ; Online: Contribution of Food from Market Purchases and Home Production to Child Nutrient Intake: Evidence from the EFFECTS Study Baseline Data.

    O'Malley, Savannah F / Ambikapathi, Ramya / Ghosh, Susmita / Galvin, Lauren / Jeong, Joshua / Mosha, Dominic / PrayGod, George / Mapendo, Frank / Shively, Gerald / Murray-Kolb, Laura E / Gunaratna, Nilupa S

    The Journal of nutrition

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Child undernutrition is prevalent in Tanzania, and households rely primarily on local markets and home production as food sources. However, little is known about the contribution of food market purchases to nutrient intakes among children ... ...

    Abstract Background: Child undernutrition is prevalent in Tanzania, and households rely primarily on local markets and home production as food sources. However, little is known about the contribution of food market purchases to nutrient intakes among children consuming complementary foods.
    Objectives: To quantify the relationships between diversity of foods purchased and produced by households and adequate child nutrient intake in Mara, Tanzania.
    Methods: Cross-sectional baseline dietary and household food source data from the Fathers for Effective Child Nutrition and Development in Tanzania study were collected from mothers of 586 children aged 9-23 mo clustered in 80 villages in Mara, Tanzania. We conducted mixed effects linear regressions to quantify the association between the diversity of foods consumed at home, from market purchases and home production, and nutrient intake adequacy (based on 24-h food recalls).
    Results: Children had inadequate diets, with fewer than half of children consuming adequate amounts of vitamin A, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B9 (folate), calcium, iron, and zinc. Breastfeeding was associated with higher overall mean adequacy (b = 0.15-0.19 across models, P < 0.001). Diversity of foods purchased was positively associated with the intake of vitamin B12 and calcium (both P < 0.001); this effect was attenuated among breastfed children. Among nonbreastfed children, production diversity was positively associated with vitamin A intake (b=0.04; P < .05) but not with intake of other nutrients.
    Conclusions: Both household food purchase and food production diversities were positively associated with children's nutrient intake in rural Mara, Tanzania. Nutrition programming should consider the role of food markets in addition to home food production to improve child diets. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03759821, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03759821.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.015
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  7. Article ; Online: Nutritional support to reduce mortality in patients with HIV?

    PrayGod, George / Friis, Henrik / Filteau, Suzanne

    The lancet. HIV

    2018  Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) e202–e204

    MeSH term(s) HIV Infections ; Humans ; Nutritional Support
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2352-3018
    ISSN (online) 2352-3018
    DOI 10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30047-X
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  8. Article: Long-Term Clinical Safety of the Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola Vaccines: A Prospective, Multi-Country, Observational Study.

    Puri, Adeep / Pollard, Andrew J / Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine / Lainé, Fabrice / PrayGod, George / Kibuuka, Hannah / Barry, Houreratou / Nicolas, Jean-François / Lelièvre, Jean-Daniel / Sirima, Sodiomon Bienvenu / Kamala, Beatrice / Manno, Daniela / Watson-Jones, Deborah / Gaddah, Auguste / Keshinro, Babajide / Luhn, Kerstin / Robinson, Cynthia / Douoguih, Macaya

    Vaccines

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 2

    Abstract: In this prospective, observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02661464), long-term safety information was collected from participants previously exposed to the Ebola vaccines Ad26.ZEBOV and/or MVA-BN-Filo while enrolled in phase 1, 2, or 3 ... ...

    Abstract In this prospective, observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02661464), long-term safety information was collected from participants previously exposed to the Ebola vaccines Ad26.ZEBOV and/or MVA-BN-Filo while enrolled in phase 1, 2, or 3 clinical studies. The study was conducted at 15 sites in seven countries (Burkina Faso, France, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Adult participants and offspring from vaccinated female participants who became pregnant (estimated conception ≤28 days after vaccination with MVA-BN-Filo or ≤3 months after vaccination with Ad26.ZEBOV) were enrolled. Adults were followed for 60 months after their first vaccination, and children born to female participants were followed for 60 months after birth. In the full analysis set (n = 614 adults; median age [range]: 32.0 [18-65] years), 49 (8.0%) had ≥1 serious adverse event (SAE); the incidence rate of any SAE was 27.4 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 21.0, 35.2). The unrelated SAEs of malaria were reported in the two infants in the full analysis set, aged 11 and 18 months; both episodes were resolved. No deaths or life-threatening SAEs occurred during the study. Overall, no major safety issues were identified; one related SAE was reported. These findings support the long-term clinical safety of the Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo vaccines.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines12020210
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  9. Article ; Online: Impact of micro- and macronutrient status on the incidence of tuberculosis: An examination of an African cohort initiating antiretroviral therapy.

    Schwalb, Alvaro / Bergstrom, Malin / Woodd, Susannah / Rehman, Andrea M / PrayGod, George / Kasonka, Lackson / Koethe, John R / Filteau, Suzanne / Houben, Rein M G J

    PLOS global public health

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 7, Page(s) e0002007

    Abstract: Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are associated with tuberculosis (TB) incidence. However, evidence is limited on the impact of micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) supplementation among underweight individuals. We conducted a secondary data ...

    Abstract Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are associated with tuberculosis (TB) incidence. However, evidence is limited on the impact of micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) supplementation among underweight individuals. We conducted a secondary data analysis of a randomised controlled trial of lipid nutritional supplements with and without high-dose vitamin and mineral supplementation (LNS-VM vs LNS) for underweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2) adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tanzania and Zambia (2011-2013). Incident TB disease diagnoses were extracted from trial records. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the impact of receiving LNS-VM on TB incidence, and the dose-response relationship between baseline BMI and TB incidence. Overall, 263 (17%) of 1506 participants developed TB disease. After adjusting for age, sex, CD4 count, haemoglobin, and C-reactive protein, receiving LNS-VM was not associated with TB incidence (aHR [95%CI] = 0.93 [0.72-1.20]; p = 0.57) compared to LNS alone. There was strong evidence for an association between lower BMI and incident TB (aHR [95%CI]: 16-16.9kg/m2 = 1.15 [0.82-1.62] and <16kg/m2 = 1.70 [1.26-2.30] compared to 17-18.5kg/m2; linear trend p<0.01). There was strong evidence that the rate of developing TB was lower after initiating ART (p<0.01). In conclusion, the addition of micronutrient supplementation to LNS was not associated with lower TB incidence in this underweight ART-naive population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2767-3375
    ISSN (online) 2767-3375
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002007
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  10. Article ; Online: Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania.

    Malindisa, Evangelista / Balandya, Emmanuel / Njelekela, Marina / Kidenya, Benson R / Francis, Filbert / Mmbaga, Blandina T / Dika, Haruna / Lyamuya, Eligius / Sunguya, Bruno / Bartlett, John / PrayGod, George

    BMC endocrine disorders

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 88

    Abstract: Background: HIV and antiretroviral drugs, particularly protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, may increase the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, following the introduction of ... ...

    Abstract Background: HIV and antiretroviral drugs, particularly protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, may increase the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, following the introduction of better drugs like dolutegravir, data on the burden of MetS are limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS and associated factors among PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tanzania.
    Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged ≥ 18 years on antiretroviral therapy for ≥ 1 year at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza conducted in 2020. Demographic and healthy-lifestyle-related non-communicable disease risk factors data were collected. Additionally, data on lipid profile, blood glucose, blood pressure, and waist circumference were collected for analysis of MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Factors associated with MetS were assessed using logistic regression. A P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
    Results: Data for 223 participants were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 44 (± 12) years and 79.8% (178) were females. A majority 78% (174) were on a tenofovir, lamivudine,and dolutegravir regimen. About 12.1% (27) were either current or past smokers, 45.3% (101) were past alcohol drinkers, 22.9% (51) were current drinkers, 12.1% (27) reported taking ≥ 5 servings of vegetables and fruits per day and 5.8% (13) were physically inactive. The prevalence of MetS was 22.9%. The only factors that were associated with Mets were fat mass index and adequate intake of vegetables and fruits, (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.9, 95% CI 1.0, 7.9, P = 0.04) and (aOR1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.3, P = 0.02), respectively).
    Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS remains high among PLHIV. Adiposity and adequate fruit and vegetable intake increased the risk. The introduction of new ART regimens shows no effect on MetS prevalence. Research is needed to understand how lifestyle changes could reduce MetS in PLHIV.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Prevalence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2091323-0
    ISSN 1472-6823 ; 1472-6823
    ISSN (online) 1472-6823
    ISSN 1472-6823
    DOI 10.1186/s12902-023-01340-3
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