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Article: The impact of social capital and social environmental factors on mental health and flourishing: the experiences of asylum-seekers in France.

De Jesus, Maria / Warnock, Bronwyn / Moumni, Zoubida / Sougui, Zara Hassan / Pourtau, Lionel

2023 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 18

Abstract: Background: There is growing interest on how social capital and related social environmental factors impact overall population health and well-being. The nature of asylum-seekers' social environment alters once they migrate to a new context and these ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is growing interest on how social capital and related social environmental factors impact overall population health and well-being. The nature of asylum-seekers' social environment alters once they migrate to a new context and these changes influence their mental health and well-being. However, there is limited scholarship on how these social environmental factors impact the mental health, well-being, and capacity to flourish of asylum-seekers. Methods: The aim of the study, therefore, was to examine how specific social environmental factors-social networks, social support, and social cohesion at various levels (micro, meso, and macro)-influence the mental health, well-being, and capacity to flourish of asylum-seekers in France. In collaboration with a community-based organization, we used a qualitative research design to conduct 120 semi-structured interviews with asylum-seekers in France. Results: The emerging salient themes depicted how the asylum-seekers' usual informal social networks comprised of family and friends had been disrupted since they migrated to France, which impacted their mental health and well-being. Conversely, staying connected with their informal transnational social networks via social media and developing ties with new local informal and formal social networks allowed them to receive different forms of social support, and buffered some of the negative mental health consequences. However, the lack of social cohesion due to a lack of belonging, marginalization, and current harmful migration-related policies impeded asylum-seekers' capacity to flourish. Conclusion: While social support derived from social networks buffered some negative impacts on mental health and well-being, the overall lack of social cohesion ultimately impeded asylum-seekers' capacity to flourish within their host communities, which was further exacerbated by harmful migration policies of exclusion within France. Introducing more inclusive policies related to the governance of migration and an intersectoral approach that views health in all policies is key to promoting social cohesion and flourishing among asylum-seekers in France.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2273783-2
ISSN	1752-1505
ISSN	1752-1505
DOI	10.1186/s13031-023-00517-w
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Article ; Online: Thyroid Hormone Levels Correlate With the Maturation of Implanted Pancreatic Endoderm Cells in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

Ramzy, Adam / Saber, Nelly / Bruin, Jennifer E / Thompson, David M / Kim, Peter T W / Warnock, Garth L / Kieffer, Timothy J

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2023 Volume 109, Issue 2, Page(s) 413–423

Abstract: Background: Macroencapsulated pancreatic endoderm cells (PECs) can reverse diabetes in rodents and preclinical studies revealed that thyroid hormones in vitro and in vivo bias PECs to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. In an ongoing clinical ... ...

Abstract	Background: Macroencapsulated pancreatic endoderm cells (PECs) can reverse diabetes in rodents and preclinical studies revealed that thyroid hormones in vitro and in vivo bias PECs to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. In an ongoing clinical trial, PECs implanted in macroencapsulation devices into patients with type 1 diabetes were safe but yielded heterogeneous outcomes. Though most patients developed meal responsive C-peptide, levels were heterogeneous and explanted grafts had variable numbers of surviving cells with variable distribution of endocrine cells. Methods: We measured circulating triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in all patients treated at 1 of the 7 sites of the ongoing clinical trial and determined if thyroid hormone levels were associated with the C-peptide or glucagon levels and cell fate of implanted PECs. Results: Both triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were significantly associated with the proportion of cells that adopted an insulin-producing fate with a mature phenotype. Thyroid hormone levels were inversely correlated to circulating glucagon levels after implantation, suggesting that thyroid hormones lead PECs to favor an insulin-producing fate over a glucagon-producing fate. In mice, hyperthyroidism led to more rapid maturation of PECs into insulin-producing cells similar in phenotype to PECs in euthyroid mice. Conclusion: These data highlight the relevance of thyroid hormones in the context of PEC therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes and suggest that a thyroid hormone adjuvant therapy may optimize cell outcomes in some PEC recipients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism ; C-Peptide/metabolism ; Thyroxine/metabolism ; Triiodothyronine/metabolism ; Endoderm/metabolism ; Endoderm/transplantation ; Glucagon/metabolism
Chemical Substances	C-Peptide ; Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4) ; Triiodothyronine (06LU7C9H1V) ; Glucagon (9007-92-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/clinem/dgad499
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Article ; Online: Video feedback to update negative self-perceptions in social anxiety disorder: A comparison of internet-delivered vs face-to-face cognitive therapy formats.

Wild, Jennifer / Warnock-Parkes, Emma / Stott, Richard / Kwok, Amy P L / Lissillour Chan, Mandy H / Powell, Candice L Y M / Leung, Patrick W L / Clark, David M / Thew, Graham R

Journal of affective disorders

2023 Volume 331, Page(s) 139–144

Abstract: Background: Video feedback is a technique used in cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder (CT-SAD) to update patients' negative self-perceptions of how they appear to others. Clients are supported to watch video of themselves engaging in social ... ...

Abstract	Background: Video feedback is a technique used in cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder (CT-SAD) to update patients' negative self-perceptions of how they appear to others. Clients are supported to watch video of themselves engaging in social interactions. While typically undertaken in session with a therapist, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of remotely delivered video feedback embedded within an Internet-based cognitive therapy program (iCT-SAD). Methods: We examined patients' self-perceptions and social anxiety symptoms before and after video feedback in two randomised controlled trials. Study 1 compared 49 iCT-SAD participants with 47 from face-to-face CT-SAD. Study 2 was a replication using data from 38 iCT-SAD participants from Hong Kong. Results: In Study 1, ratings of self-perceptions and social anxiety showed significant reductions following video feedback, in both treatment formats. 92 % of participants in iCT-SAD, and 96 % in CT-SAD thought they looked less anxious compared to their predictions after viewing the videos. The change in self-perception ratings was larger in CT-SAD compared to iCT-SAD, but there was no evidence that the impact of video feedback on social anxiety symptoms around a week later differed between the two treatments. Study 2 replicated the iCT-SAD findings of Study 1. Limitations: The level of therapist support in iCT-SAD videofeedback varied with clinical need and was not measured. Conclusions: The findings indicate that video feedback can be delivered effectively online, and that its impact on social anxiety is not significantly different from in-person treatment delivery.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Phobia, Social/therapy ; Feedback ; Internet ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Self Concept ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.017
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Article ; Online: Risk Factors for Incident CKD in Black and White Americans: The REGARDS Study.

Cheung, Katharine L / Crews, Deidra C / Cushman, Mary / Yuan, Ya / Wilkinson, Katherine / Long, D Leann / Judd, Suzanne E / Shlipak, Michael G / Ix, Joachim H / Bullen, Alexander L / Warnock, David G / Gutiérrez, Orlando M

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation

2023 Volume 82, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–21.e1

Abstract: Rationale & objective: Little information exists on the incidence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in contemporary US cohorts and whether risk factors differ by race, sex, or region in the United States.: Study design: ... ...

Abstract	Rationale & objective: Little information exists on the incidence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in contemporary US cohorts and whether risk factors differ by race, sex, or region in the United States. Study design: Observational cohort study. Setting & participants: 4,198 Black and 7,799 White participants aged at least 45 years, recruited from 2003 through 2007 across the continental United States, with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)>60mL/min/1.73m Exposures: Age, sex, race (Black or White), region ("stroke belt" or other), education, income, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and albuminuria. Outcomes: (1) eGFR change and (2) incident CKD defined as eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m Analytical approach: Linear regression and modified Poisson regression were used to determine the association of risk factors with eGFR change and incident CKD overall and stratified by race, sex, and region. Results: Mean age of participants was 63±8 (SD) years, 54% were female, and 35% were Black. After 9.4±1.0 years of follow-up, CKD developed in 9%. In an age-, sex-, and race-adjusted model, Black race (β =-0.13; P<0.001) was associated with higher risk of eGFR change, but this was attenuated in the fully adjusted model (β=0.02; P=0.5). Stroke belt residence was independently associated with eGFR change (β =-0.10; P<0.001) and incident CKD (relative risk, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01-1.30]). Albuminuria was more strongly associated with eGFR change (β of-0.26 vs-0.17; P=0.01 for interaction) in Black compared with White participants. Results were similar for incident CKD. Limitations: Persons of Hispanic ethnicity were excluded; unknown duration and/or severity of risk factors. Conclusions: Established CKD risk factors accounted for higher risk of incident CKD in Black versus White individuals. Albuminuria was a stronger risk factor for eGFR decrease and incident CKD in Black compared with White individuals. Living in the US stroke belt is a novel risk factor for CKD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; United States/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Male ; Albuminuria/epidemiology ; White ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Risk Factors ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Stroke
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	604539-x
ISSN	1523-6838 ; 0272-6386
ISSN (online)	1523-6838
ISSN	0272-6386
DOI	10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.11.015
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Article: Accessing social media: Help or hindrance for people with social anxiety?

Carruthers, Sophie E / Warnock-Parkes, Emma L / Clark, David M

Journal of experimental psychopathology

2019 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 2043808719837811

Abstract: Despite increasing use of social media and the potential benefits for people with social anxiety (SA) disorder, little is known about the online experience of people with SA. Our study aimed to investigate the occurrence of cognitive and behavioral ... ...

Abstract	Despite increasing use of social media and the potential benefits for people with social anxiety (SA) disorder, little is known about the online experience of people with SA. Our study aimed to investigate the occurrence of cognitive and behavioral processes during a series of online and off-line Facebook (FB)-based tasks among individuals with high and low levels of SA. Sixty-one undergraduates with low or high SA were asked to use FB in a laboratory setting, to make an FB post, and to imagine three ambiguous FB scenarios. Participants with high SA reported higher anxiety throughout the study with an interaction effect, indicating greater relative increases in anxiety for those with high SA over low SA across tasks. The high SA group were more likely to negatively interpret the ambiguous FB scenarios than the low SA group. They also reported using more safety-seeking behaviors and having more negative thoughts. The findings suggest that the cognitive and behavioral processes that characterize socially anxious face-to-face interaction are also evident in online communication. Suggestions are made for the clinical implications of such findings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2646442-1
ISSN	2043-8087
ISSN	2043-8087
DOI	10.1177/2043808719837811
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Article: Pathology-important advances in clinical medicine: asbestosis.

Warnock, M L

The Western journal of medicine

2008 Volume 141, Issue 1, Page(s) 94

Language	English
Publishing date	2008-08-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189235-6
ISSN	1476-2978 ; 0093-0415 ; 0008-1264
ISSN (online)	1476-2978
ISSN	0093-0415 ; 0008-1264
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Article ; Online: Compartmentalized Actions of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors, PAI-1 and Nsp, in Ischemic Stroke.

Torrente, Daniel / Su, Enming Joseph / Fredriksson, Linda / Warnock, Mark / Bushart, David / Mann, Kris M / Emal, Cory D / Lawrence, Daniel A

Translational stroke research

2022 Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 801–815

Abstract: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a multifunctional protease. In blood tPA is best understood for its role in fibrinolysis, whereas in the brain tPA is reported to regulate blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and to promote neurodegeneration. ... ...

Abstract	Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a multifunctional protease. In blood tPA is best understood for its role in fibrinolysis, whereas in the brain tPA is reported to regulate blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and to promote neurodegeneration. Thrombolytic tPA is used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, its use is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation. In blood the primary regulator of tPA activity is plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), whereas in the brain, its primary inhibitor is thought to be neuroserpin (Nsp). In this study, we compare the effects of PAI-1 and Nsp deficiency in a mouse model of ischemic stroke and show that tPA has both beneficial and harmful effects that are differentially regulated by PAI-1 and Nsp. Following ischemic stroke Nsp deficiency in mice leads to larger strokes, increased BBB permeability, and increased spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. In contrast, PAI-1 deficiency results in smaller infarcts and increased cerebral blood flow recovery. Mechanistically, our data suggests that these differences are largely due to the compartmentalized action of PAI-1 and Nsp, with Nsp deficiency enhancing tPA activity in the CNS which increases BBB permeability and worsens stroke outcomes, while PAI-1 deficiency enhances fibrinolysis and improves recovery. Finally, we show that treatment with a combination therapy that enhances endogenous fibrinolysis by inhibiting PAI-1 with MDI-2268 and reduces BBB permeability by inhibiting tPA-mediated PDGFRα signaling with imatinib significantly reduces infarct size compared to vehicle-treated mice and to mice with either treatment alone.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Hemorrhagic Disorders ; Ischemic Stroke ; Mice ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/deficiency ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/metabolism ; Serpins/metabolism ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/adverse effects ; Neuroserpin
Chemical Substances	Neuropeptides ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; Serpins ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator (EC 3.4.21.68)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2541897-X
ISSN	1868-601X ; 1868-4483
ISSN (online)	1868-601X
ISSN	1868-4483
DOI	10.1007/s12975-022-00992-y
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of Municipal-Level Policies Dedicated to Transportation That Consider Food Access.

Dumas, Brianna L / Harris, Diane M / McMahon, Jean M / Daymude, Thomas J / Warnock, Amy Lowry / Moore, Latetia V / Onufrak, Stephen J

Preventing chronic disease

2021 Volume 18, Page(s) E97

Abstract: Introduction: Local governments can address access to healthy food and transportation through policy and planning. This study is the first to examine municipal-level transportation supports for food access.: Methods: We used a nationally ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Local governments can address access to healthy food and transportation through policy and planning. This study is the first to examine municipal-level transportation supports for food access. Methods: We used a nationally representative sample of US municipalities with 1,000 or more persons from the 2014 National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living (N = 2,029) to assess 3 outcomes: public transit availability, consideration of food access in transportation planning, and presence of demand-responsive transportation (DRT). We used χ Results: Among municipalities, 33.7% reported no public transit and 14.8% reported having DRT. Both public transit and DRT differed by population size (both P < .001) and census region (both P < .001) and were least commonly reported among municipalities with populations less than 2,500 (46.9% without public transit; 6.6% with DRT) and in the South (40.0% without public transit; 11.1% with DRT). Of those with public transit, 33.8% considered food access in transportation planning; this was more common with greater population size (55.9% among municipalities of ≥50,000 persons vs 16.8% among municipalities of <2,500 persons; P < .001), in the West (43.1% vs 26.8% in the Northeast, 33.7% in the Midwest, 32.2% in the South; P = .003), and municipalities with 20% or more of the population living below federal poverty guidelines (37.4% vs 32.2% among municipalities with less than 20% living in poverty; P = .07). Conclusion: Results suggest that opportunities exist to improve food access through transportation, especially in smaller and Southern communities, which may improve diet quality and reduce chronic disease.
MeSH term(s)	Diet, Healthy ; Food ; Humans ; Policy ; Prevalence ; Transportation
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2135684-1
ISSN	1545-1151 ; 1545-1151
ISSN (online)	1545-1151
ISSN	1545-1151
DOI	10.5888/pcd18.210193
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Article ; Online: Simultaneous dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI and fiber photometry measurements of glucose in the healthy mouse brain.

Eleftheriou, Afroditi / Ravotto, Luca / Wyss, Matthias T / Warnock, Geoffrey / Siebert, Anita / Zaiss, Moritz / Weber, Bruno

NeuroImage

2022 Volume 265, Page(s) 119762

Abstract: Glucose is the main energy source in the brain and its regulated uptake and utilization are important biomarkers of pathological brain function. Glucose Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GlucoCEST) and its time-resolved version Dynamic Glucose- ... ...

Abstract	Glucose is the main energy source in the brain and its regulated uptake and utilization are important biomarkers of pathological brain function. Glucose Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GlucoCEST) and its time-resolved version Dynamic Glucose-Enhanced MRI (DGE) are promising approaches to monitor glucose and detect tumors, since they are radioactivity-free, do not require
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Glucose ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms ; Photometry
Chemical Substances	Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1147767-2
ISSN	1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
ISSN (online)	1095-9572
ISSN	1053-8119
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119762
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Article ; Online: HOMA2-B enhances assessment of type 1 diabetes risk among TrialNet Pathway to Prevention participants.

Felton, Jamie L / Cuthbertson, David / Warnock, Megan / Lohano, Kuldeep / Meah, Farah / Wentworth, John M / Sosenko, Jay / Evans-Molina, Carmella

Diabetologia

2021 Volume 65, Issue 1, Page(s) 88–100

Abstract: Aims/hypothesis: Methods to identify individuals at highest risk for type 1 diabetes are essential for the successful implementation of disease-modifying interventions. Simple metabolic measures are needed to help stratify autoantibody-positive (Aab+) ... ...

Abstract	Aims/hypothesis: Methods to identify individuals at highest risk for type 1 diabetes are essential for the successful implementation of disease-modifying interventions. Simple metabolic measures are needed to help stratify autoantibody-positive (Aab+) individuals who are at risk of developing type 1 diabetes. HOMA2-B is a validated mathematical tool commonly used to estimate beta cell function in type 2 diabetes using fasting glucose and insulin. The utility of HOMA2-B in association with type 1 diabetes progression has not been tested. Methods: Baseline HOMA2-B values from single-Aab+ (n = 2652; mean age, 21.1 ± 14.0 years) and multiple-Aab+ (n = 3794; mean age, 14.5 ± 11.2 years) individuals enrolled in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study were compared. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine associations between HOMA2-B tertiles and time to progression to type 1 diabetes, with adjustments for age, sex, HLA status and BMI z score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the association of HOMA2-B with type 1 diabetes development in 1, 2, 5 and 10 years. Results: At study entry, HOMA2-B values were higher in single- compared with multiple-Aab+ Pathway to Prevention participants (91.1 ± 44.5 vs 83.9 ± 38.9; p < 0.001). Single- and multiple-Aab+ individuals in the lowest HOMA2-B tertile had a higher risk and faster rate of progression to type 1 diabetes. For progression to type 1 diabetes within 1 year, area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) was 0.685, 0.666 and 0.680 for all Aab+, single-Aab+ and multiple-Aab+ individuals, respectively. When correlation between HOMA2-B and type 1 diabetes risk was assessed in combination with additional factors known to influence type 1 diabetes progression (insulin sensitivity, age and HLA status), AUC-ROC was highest for the single-Aab+ group's risk of progression at 2 years (AUC-ROC 0.723 [95% CI 0.652, 0.794]). Conclusions/interpretation: These data suggest that HOMA2-B may have utility as a single-time-point measurement to stratify risk of type 1 diabetes development in Aab+ individuals.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Autoantibodies ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Autoantibodies ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1694-9
ISSN	1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
ISSN (online)	1432-0428
ISSN	0012-186X
DOI	10.1007/s00125-021-05573-6
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