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Article ; Online: Identification and quantitation of clinically relevant microbes in patient samples: Comparison of three k-mer based classifiers for speed, accuracy, and sensitivity.

Watts, George S / Thornton, James E / Youens-Clark, Ken / Ponsero, Alise J / Slepian, Marvin J / Menashi, Emmanuel / Hu, Charles / Deng, Wuquan / Armstrong, David G / Reed, Spenser / Cranmer, Lee D / Hurwitz, Bonnie L

PLoS computational biology

2019 Volume 15, Issue 11, Page(s) e1006863

Abstract: ... fast k-mer based algorithms: Centrifuge, CLARK, and KrakenUniq. Binary mixtures of bacteria showed ...

Abstract	Infections are a serious health concern worldwide, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the immunocompromised, elderly, and young. Advances in metagenomic sequencing availability, speed, and decreased cost offer the opportunity to supplement or even replace culture-based identification of pathogens with DNA sequence-based diagnostics. Adopting metagenomic analysis for clinical use requires that all aspects of the workflow are optimized and tested, including data analysis and computational time and resources. We tested the accuracy, sensitivity, and resource requirements of three top metagenomic taxonomic classifiers that use fast k-mer based algorithms: Centrifuge, CLARK, and KrakenUniq. Binary mixtures of bacteria showed all three reliably identified organisms down to 1% relative abundance, while only the relative abundance estimates of Centrifuge and CLARK were accurate. All three classifiers identified the organisms present in their default databases from a mock bacterial community of 20 organisms, but only Centrifuge had no false positives. In addition, Centrifuge required far less computational resources and time for analysis. Centrifuge analysis of metagenomes obtained from samples of VAP, infected DFUs, and FN showed Centrifuge identified pathogenic bacteria and one virus that were corroborated by culture or a clinical PCR assay. Importantly, in both diabetic foot ulcer patients, metagenomic sequencing identified pathogens 4-6 weeks before culture. Finally, we show that Centrifuge results were minimally affected by elimination of time-consuming read quality control and host screening steps.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Metagenome ; Metagenomics/methods ; Microbiota/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006863
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Regulating emotions about secrets.

Bianchi, Valentina / Greenaway, Katharine H / Slepian, Michael L / Kalokerinos, Elise K

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)

2024

Abstract: Secrecy is common and psychologically costly. Research shows that secrets have high emotional stakes, but no research has directly tested how people regulate their emotions about secrets. To fill this gap, we conducted an experimental study (Study 1), ... ...

Abstract	Secrecy is common and psychologically costly. Research shows that secrets have high emotional stakes, but no research has directly tested how people regulate their emotions about secrets. To fill this gap, we conducted an experimental study (Study 1), then moved to studying secrecy "in the wild" to capture regulatory processes as they unfold in everyday life (Studies 2 and 3). In Study 1 (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102391-8
ISSN	1931-1516 ; 1528-3542
ISSN (online)	1931-1516
ISSN	1528-3542
DOI	10.1037/emo0001357
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Article ; Online: Secrecy in Everyday Life.

Bianchi, Valentina / Greenaway, Katharine H / Moeck, Ella K / Slepian, Michael L / Kalokerinos, Elise K

Personality & social psychology bulletin

2024 , Page(s) 1461672241226560

Abstract: Secrecy is common, yet we know little about how it plays out in daily life. Most existing research on secrecy is based on methods involving retrospection over long periods of time, failing to capture secrecy "in the wild." Filling this gap, we conducted ... ...

Abstract	Secrecy is common, yet we know little about how it plays out in daily life. Most existing research on secrecy is based on methods involving retrospection over long periods of time, failing to capture secrecy "in the wild." Filling this gap, we conducted two studies using intensive longitudinal designs to present the first picture of secrecy in everyday life. We investigated momentary contextual factors and individual differences as predictors of mind-wandering to and concealing secrets. Contextual factors more consistently predicted secrecy experiences than person-level factors. Feeling more negative about a secret predicted a greater likelihood of mind-wandering to the secret. Interacting with the secret target was linked with a greater likelihood of secret concealment. Individual differences were not consistently associated with mind-wandering to secrets. We conclude that daily experiences with secrets may be better predicted by momentary feelings rather than individual differences such as personality traits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2047603-6
ISSN	1552-7433 ; 0146-1672
ISSN (online)	1552-7433
ISSN	0146-1672
DOI	10.1177/01461672241226560
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Article ; Online: Emotion Appraisals and Coping with Secrets.

Liu, Zaijia / Kalokerinos, Elise K / Slepian, Michael L

Personality & social psychology bulletin

2022 Volume 49, Issue 9, Page(s) 1379–1391

Abstract: Secrecy is both common and consequential. Recent work suggests that personal experiences with secrets (i.e., mind-wandering to them outside of concealment contexts), rather than concealment (within conversations), can explain the harms of secrecy. Recent ...

Abstract	Secrecy is both common and consequential. Recent work suggests that personal experiences with secrets (i.e., mind-wandering to them outside of concealment contexts), rather than concealment (within conversations), can explain the harms of secrecy. Recent work has also demonstrated that secrecy is associated with emotions that center on self-evaluation-shame and guilt. These emotions may help explain the harms of secrecy and provide a point of intervention to improve coping with secrecy. Four studies with 800 participants keeping over 10,500 secrets found that shame surrounding a secret is associated with lower perceived coping efficacy and reduced well-being. Moreover, shifting appraisals away from shame improved perceptions of efficacy in coping with secrets, which was linked with higher well-being. These studies suggest that emotions surrounding secrets can harm well-being and highlight avenues for intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Emotions ; Shame ; Guilt ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Self-Assessment
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2047603-6
ISSN	1552-7433 ; 0146-1672
ISSN (online)	1552-7433
ISSN	0146-1672
DOI	10.1177/01461672221085377
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Article ; Online: Sodium bicarbonate alters protein stability and blood coagulability in a simulated Impella purge gap model.

Ammann, Kaitlyn R / Ding, Jun / Gilman, Vladimir / Corbett, Scott / Slepian, Marvin J

Artificial organs

2023 Volume 47, Issue 6, Page(s) 971–981

Abstract: ... time (R time), clot formation time (K time), and clotting rate (α angle). Blood mixture pH measurements ...

Abstract	Background: The Impella® microaxial blood pumps utilize purge fluid containing heparin to prevent biofouling of internal surfaces. Purge fluid interfaces with blood or blood components at two notable internal locations: (1) 5-8 μm radial gap ("Radial Gap" or "Gap 1") between the motor shaft and bearing, a site accessible by blood proteins or small molecules; and (2) 100 μm axial gap ("Axial Gap" or "Gap 2") between the impeller rotor and bearing, the site of mixing with larger circulating blood components. Despite its efficacy, heparin in the purge fluid complicates overall patient anticoagulation management. Here, we investigate sodium bicarbonate as an alternative to heparin in the purge fluid in a simulated purge gap micro-environment. Methods: To assess protein stability simulated at Gap 1, human serum albumin (HSA; 40 mg/ml) species were quantified utilizing size exclusion liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) after stirring with purge fluid (5% dextrose in water (D5W) with heparin (25 U/ml) or sodium bicarbonate (25 or 50 mEq/L)) over a 24-h period. pH measurements were taken immediately prior to stirring. Mixing between blood and purge fluid at Gap 2 was mimicked in vitro utilizing a 60:40 blood: purge fluid ratio. Purge fluid consisted of D5W with or without sodium bicarbonate (25 or 50 mEq/L). Human citrated blood samples were freshly collected with or without the addition of heparin (5 U/ml). Coagulability was determined via thromboelastography (TEG). pH measurements of blood mixtures were taken immediately before and after TEG analysis. Results: Sodium bicarbonate alone or synergistically with heparin was effective in increasing protein stability, increasing pH, and reducing coagulability. In the Gap 1 model, sodium bicarbonate led to preservation of HSA monomer after 24 h mixing, with monomer composing 88.3 ± 2.3% and 88.6 ± 0.9% of total HSA species for 25 or 50 mEq/L sodium bicarbonate, respectively. Only 60.4 ± 4.3% monomer was observed with D5W alone (p < 0.005). HSA aggregates and fragments were evident in heparin and D5W purge mixtures, but absent in sodium bicarbonate (25 and 50 mEq/L). pH of HSA mixtures significantly increased in the presence of sodium bicarbonate. In the Gap 2 model, combined heparin (5 U/ml) and sodium bicarbonate prolonged clotting time (TEG-ACT), leading to an average increase of 795 ± 275 s (p = 0.04) and 846 243 s (p = 0.03). This trend of reduced coagulability was similarly observed in clot initiation time (R time), clot formation time (K time), and clotting rate (α angle). Blood mixture pH measurements increased with addition of sodium bicarbonate in both heparinized and non-heparinized blood samples. Conclusion: Sodium bicarbonate in the purge fluid has the potential to significantly increase protein stability and reduce protein denaturation at the Impella® radial gap (Gap 1), while reducing blood coagulation at the Impella® axial gap (Gap 2). The influence of sodium bicarbonate on the biochemical environment of the purge fluid may ensure stable purge flow resistance and play a synergistic or supportive role in the purge gap micro-environment when used with systemic anticoagulation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anticoagulants/pharmacology ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Heparin/pharmacology ; Heparin/therapeutic use ; Blood Coagulation ; Protein Stability
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants ; Sodium Bicarbonate (8MDF5V39QO) ; Heparin (9005-49-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	441812-8
ISSN	1525-1594 ; 0160-564X
ISSN (online)	1525-1594
ISSN	0160-564X
DOI	10.1111/aor.14497
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Article ; Online: Editorial overview: Tales of two motives: disclosure and concealment.

John, Leslie K / Slepian, Michael L / Tamir, Diana

Current opinion in psychology

2019 Volume 31, Page(s) iv–vii

MeSH term(s)	Disclosure ; Humans ; Motivation ; Self Disclosure
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2831565-0
ISSN	2352-2518 ; 2352-250X ; 2352-250X
ISSN (online)	2352-2518 ; 2352-250X
ISSN	2352-250X
DOI	10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.11.002
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Article ; Online: Shame, guilt, and secrets on the mind.

Slepian, Michael L / Kirby, James N / Kalokerinos, Elise K

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)

2019 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 323–328

Abstract: Recent work suggests that what is harmful about secrecy is not active concealment within social interactions but rather mind wandering to a secret outside of concealment contexts. However, it is not yet clear what predicts mind wandering to and ... ...

Abstract	Recent work suggests that what is harmful about secrecy is not active concealment within social interactions but rather mind wandering to a secret outside of concealment contexts. However, it is not yet clear what predicts mind wandering to and concealing secrets. We proposed that emotional appraisals of shame and guilt for secrecy would predict how secrecy is experienced. Four studies with 1,000 participants keeping more than 6,000 secrets demonstrated that shame was linked with increased mind wandering to the secret. Guilt, in contrast, was linked with reduced mind wandering to the secret. The current work represents the first test of how emotions from secrecy determine how that secrecy is experienced. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Guilt ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Shame
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102391-8
ISSN	1931-1516 ; 1528-3542
ISSN (online)	1931-1516
ISSN	1528-3542
DOI	10.1037/emo0000542
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Article ; Online: Pain Acceptance Partially Mediates the Relationship Between Perceived Injustice and Pain Outcomes Over 3 Months.

Ysidron, Dominic W / Slepian, Peter Maxwell / Ankawi, Brett / Himawan, Lina K / France, Christopher R

The Clinical journal of pain

2020 Volume 36, Issue 11, Page(s) 868–873

Abstract: Objectives: Perceived injustice is a maladaptive cognitive appraisal of pain or injury, characterized by attributions of blame, unfairness, severity of loss, and irreparability of loss. Research suggests that perceived injustice may negatively affect ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Perceived injustice is a maladaptive cognitive appraisal of pain or injury, characterized by attributions of blame, unfairness, severity of loss, and irreparability of loss. Research suggests that perceived injustice may negatively affect pain outcomes by inhibiting the development of pain-related acceptance. The current study aimed to extend cross-sectional research by testing whether pain acceptance mediates the effects of perceived injustice on pain-related outcomes longitudinally. Materials and methods: Data was analyzed from a prospective study to examine the potential mediating role of pain acceptance on recovery 3 months after an episode of low back pain. Using Mechanical Turk, we recruited participants who experienced an episode of back pain within the preceding 2 weeks, 343 of whom completed measures of perceived injustice, pain acceptance, pain ratings, and quality of life at each of 3 timepoints (recruitment, 1 mo later, and 3 mo later). Path analyses were conducted to examine pain acceptance at 1 month as a potential mediator of the relationship between perceived injustice at recruitment and pain intensity, disability, and depressive symptoms at 3 months. Results: Results indicated that perceived injustice at recruitment was directly related to pain intensity, disability, and depressive symptoms 3 months later, and that pain acceptance partially mediated these relationships. Discussion: Although these findings provide further support for pain acceptance as a buffer for the deleterious effects of perceived injustice, they also highlight that adjunctive mechanisms should be investigated to provide more comprehensive clinical insight.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Pain ; Pain Measurement ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632582-8
ISSN	1536-5409 ; 0749-8047
ISSN (online)	1536-5409
ISSN	0749-8047
DOI	10.1097/AJP.0000000000000872
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Zs.A 2078: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Clinical Hypnosis as an Opioid-Sparing Adjunct Treatment for Pain Relief in Adults Undergoing Major Oncologic Surgery

Rosenbloom BN / Slepian PM / Azam MA / Aternali A / Birnie KA / Curtis K / Thaker S / Ladak S / Waisman A / Clarke H / Katz J / Weinrib AZ

Journal of Pain Research, Vol Volume 17, Pp 45-

2024 Volume 59

Abstract: Brittany N Rosenbloom,1– 3 P Maxwell Slepian,1,2,4 Muhammed Abid Azam,1,2 Andrea Aternali,1 Kathryn ...

Abstract	Brittany N Rosenbloom,1– 3 P Maxwell Slepian,1,2,4 Muhammed Abid Azam,1,2 Andrea Aternali,1 Kathryn A Birnie,5,6 Kathryn Curtis,2 Sonal Thaker,2 Salima Ladak,2 Anna Waisman,1 Hance Clarke,2,4 Joel Katz,1,2,4 Aliza Z Weinrib1,2 1Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; 3Toronto Academic Pain Medicine Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; 4Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 5Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; 6Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaCorrespondence: Joel Katz; Aliza Z Weinrib, Department of Psychology, York University, BSB 232, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada, Email jkatz@yorku.ca; Aliza.Weinrib@gmail.comAbstract: Clinical hypnosis is an effective strategy for managing acute pain in the surgical setting. However, the opioid sparing effects of clinical hypnosis are not as well understood. This pre-registered (NCT03730350) randomized, controlled trial (RCT) examined the impact of clinical hypnosis, pre- and post-surgery, on opioid consumption during hospitalization as well as on measures of pain intensity, pain interference, depressed mood, anxiety, sleep, and pain catastrophizing. Participants (M = 57.6 years; SD = 10.9) awaiting oncologic surgery were randomized to treatment-as-usual (n = 47) or hypnosis (n = 45). Intent-to-treat analyses were conducted using linear mixed effects modeling. A significant Group × Time interaction, F(6, 323.34) = 3.32, p = 0.003, indicated an opioid sparing effect of clinical hypnosis during the acute postoperative period. Hypnosis also protected against increases in pain catastrophizing at one-week after surgery, F (1, 75.26) = 4.04, p = 0.048. A perioperative clinical hypnosis intervention had a sparing effect on opioid ...
Keywords	clinical hypnosis ; oncologic surgery ; postoperative opioid use ; postoperative pain ; pain catastrophizing ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Dove Medical Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A local neighborhood volunteer network improves response times for simulated cardiac arrest.

Kern, K B / Colberg, T P / Wunder, C / Newton, C / Slepian, M J

Resuscitation

2019 Volume 144, Page(s) 131–136

Abstract: Aim: Each minute is crucial in the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA). Immediate chest compressions and early defibrillation are keys to good outcomes. We hypothesized that a coordinated effort of alerting trained local neighborhood ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Each minute is crucial in the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA). Immediate chest compressions and early defibrillation are keys to good outcomes. We hypothesized that a coordinated effort of alerting trained local neighborhood volunteers (vols) simultaneously with 911 activation of professional EMS providers would result in substantial decreases in call-to-arrival times, leading to earlier CPR and defibrillation. Methods: We developed a program of simultaneously alerting CPR- and AED-trained neighborhood vols and the local EMS system for CA events in a retirement residential neighborhood in Southern Arizona, encompassing approximately 440 homes. The closest EMS station is 3.3 miles from this neighborhood. Within this neighborhood, 15 vols and the closest EMS station were involved in multiple days of mock CA notifications and responses. Results: The two groups differed significantly in distance to the mock CA event and in response times. The volunteers averaged 0.3 ± 0.2 miles from the mock CA incidences while the closest EMS station averaged 3.4 ± 0.1 miles away (p < 0.0001). Response times (time from call to arrival) also differed. Two volunteers, one bringing an AED, averaged 1 min 38 s ± 53 s in Phase 1, while it took the EMS service an average of 7 min 20 s ± 1 min 13 s to arrive on scene; p < 0.0001. Conclusion: Local neighborhood volunteers were geographically closer and arrived significantly sooner at the mock CA scene than did the EMS service. The approximate time savings from call to arrival with the volunteers was 4-6 min.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arizona ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/education ; Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Residence Characteristics ; Simulation Training/methods ; Time-to-Treatment ; Volunteers
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-30
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189901-6
ISSN	1873-1570 ; 0300-9572
ISSN (online)	1873-1570
ISSN	0300-9572
DOI	10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.09.016
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