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Article ; Online: It is not "just a fracture".

Cawthon, Peggy M / Drake, Matthew

JBMR plus

2024 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) ziae022

Abstract: In their recent population-based study of nearly 100 000 patients from Ontario, Canada, who had suffered a fracture, Vincent et al. characterized postfracture survival rates. Their findings showed that overall survival was decreased particularly ... ...

Abstract	In their recent population-based study of nearly 100 000 patients from Ontario, Canada, who had suffered a fracture, Vincent et al. characterized postfracture survival rates. Their findings showed that overall survival was decreased particularly following fractures of the hip or vertebrae, and was worse in men and the oldest old. They found that relative survival, particularly after hip fracture, is strikingly poor with less than one-third of men and one-half of women surviving for 5 years following hip fracture, survival which was far less than that seen for patients afflicted by both prostate and breast cancers. Importantly, mortality risk increased immediately after fracture occurrence and was highest within 1 month of fracture. Collectively, their data suggest that a short, critical window may exist immediately following fracture in which application of interventions to improve survival is likely to be of greatest value. Future work is urgently needed to identify the best approaches to employ during this critical time period in order to optimize survival in patients who have suffered a fracture.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	2473-4039
ISSN (online)	2473-4039
DOI	10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae022
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Article ; Online: D

Evans, William J / Cawthon, Peggy M

Calcified tissue international

2023 Volume 114, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–8

Abstract: Initial definitions of sarcopenia included the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass that was presumed to be associated with late-life reduced functional capacity, disability and loss of independence. Because no method for determination of muscle ... ...

Abstract	Initial definitions of sarcopenia included the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass that was presumed to be associated with late-life reduced functional capacity, disability and loss of independence. Because no method for determination of muscle mass was available for large cohort studies of aging men and women, lean body mass determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance was used as a surrogate measure of muscle mass. The data from these studies showed either no or a poor relationship between LBM and functional capacity and health related outcomes, leading to the conclusion of many that the amount of muscle may not be associated with these age-associated outcomes. It was assumed that some undefined index of muscle quality is the critical contributor. These studies also consistently showed that muscle strength is lost more quickly than lean mass. Total body muscle mass can now be measured directly, accurately and non-invasively using the D
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Sarcopenia ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Creatine ; Geroscience ; Aging/physiology ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; Body Composition ; Hip Fractures/complications
Chemical Substances	Creatine (MU72812GK0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	304266-2
ISSN	1432-0827 ; 0944-0747 ; 0008-0594 ; 0171-967X
ISSN (online)	1432-0827
ISSN	0944-0747 ; 0008-0594 ; 0171-967X
DOI	10.1007/s00223-023-01124-w
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Article ; Online: Recent Progress in Sarcopenia Research: a Focus on Operationalizing a Definition of Sarcopenia.

Cawthon, Peggy M

Current osteoporosis reports

2018 Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 730–737

Abstract: Purpose of review: To discuss recent progress in sarcopenia research and to highlight controversies in the field particularly around reaching consensus on a definition of sarcopenia.: Recent findings: Accordingly, this review begins with a discussion ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: To discuss recent progress in sarcopenia research and to highlight controversies in the field particularly around reaching consensus on a definition of sarcopenia. Recent findings: Accordingly, this review begins with a discussion of the increasing awareness of this condition; briefly describes evolving definitions of sarcopenia; suggests a framework for consistent terminology for sarcopenia; discusses outstanding issues in the definition of sarcopenia; and reviews the association between sarcopenia and adverse outcome in older adults. In addition, the role of sarcopenia in other diseases is discussed. The field of sarcopenia continues to hold considerable promise and work continues to resolve outstanding concerns in this field with a unifying consensus definition on the horizon.
MeSH term(s)	Biomedical Research ; Gait/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion/physiology ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Sarcopenia/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2186581-4
ISSN	1544-2241 ; 1544-1873
ISSN (online)	1544-2241
ISSN	1544-1873
DOI	10.1007/s11914-018-0484-2
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Article ; Online: Reply to: "Zooming" in the Anterior Thigh Muscle for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia.

Bhasin, Shalender / Cawthon, Peggy M

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

2020 Volume 68, Issue 8, Page(s) 1879–1880

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Sarcopenia/diagnosis ; Thigh
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80363-7
ISSN	1532-5415 ; 0002-8614
ISSN (online)	1532-5415
ISSN	0002-8614
DOI	10.1111/jgs.16571
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Article ; Online: Associations Between Walking Speed and Gut Microbiome Composition in Older Men From the MrOS Study.

Farsijani, Samaneh / Cauley, Jane A / Cawthon, Peggy M / Langsetmo, Lisa / Orwoll, Eric S / Kado, Deborah M / Kiel, Douglas P / Newman, Anne B

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

2024 Volume 79, Issue 4

Abstract: ... samples and 400 m walking speed measured in 2014-2016. Then, we analyzed the retrospective longitudinal ... associations between changes in 6 m walking speed (from 2005-2006 to 2014-2016, calculated by simple linear ... Faster 400 m walking speed (m/s) was associated with greater microbiome α-diversity (R = 0.11; p = .004 ...

Abstract	Background: Gut dysbiosis has been linked to frailty, but its association with early mobility decline is unclear. Methods: First, we determined the cross-sectional associations between walking speed and the gut microbiome in 740 older men (84 ± 4 years) from the MrOS cohort with available stool samples and 400 m walking speed measured in 2014-2016. Then, we analyzed the retrospective longitudinal associations between changes in 6 m walking speed (from 2005-2006 to 2014-2016, calculated by simple linear equation) and gut microbiome composition among participants with available data (702/740). We determined gut microbiome composition by 16S sequencing and examined diversity, taxa abundance, and performed network analysis to identify differences in the gut microbiome network of fast versus slow walkers. Results: Faster 400 m walking speed (m/s) was associated with greater microbiome α-diversity (R = 0.11; p = .004). The association between a slower decline in 6 m walking speed and higher α-diversity (R = 0.07; p = .054) approached borderline significance. Faster walking speed and less decline in walking speed were associated with a higher abundance of genus-level bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids, and possess anti-inflammatory properties, including Paraprevotella, Fusicatenibacter, and Alistipes, after adjusting for potential covariates (p < .05). The gut microbiome networks of participants in the first versus last quartile of walking speed (≤0.9 vs ≥1.2 m/s) exhibited distinct characteristics, including different centrality measures (p < .05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a possible relationship between gut microbiome diversity and mobility function, as indicated by the associations between faster walking speed and less decline in walking speed over 10 years with higher gut microbiome diversity in older men.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Walking Speed ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Retrospective Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1223643-3
ISSN	1758-535X ; 1079-5006
ISSN (online)	1758-535X
ISSN	1079-5006
DOI	10.1093/gerona/glae030
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Article ; Online: Muscle Steatosis and Fibrosis in Older Adults, From the

Lenchik, Leon / Mazzoli, Valentina / Cawthon, Peggy M / Hepple, Russell T / Boutin, Robert D

AJR. American journal of roentgenology

2023

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to review steatosis and fibrosis of skeletal muscle, focusing on older adults. Although CT, MRI, and ultrasound are commonly used to image skeletal muscle and provide diagnoses for a variety of medical conditions, ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this article is to review steatosis and fibrosis of skeletal muscle, focusing on older adults. Although CT, MRI, and ultrasound are commonly used to image skeletal muscle and provide diagnoses for a variety of medical conditions, quantitative assessment of muscle steatosis and fibrosis is uncommon. This review provides radiologists with a broad perspective on muscle steatosis and fibrosis in older adults by considering their public health impact, biologic mechanisms, and evaluation using CT, MRI, and ultrasound. Promising directions in clinical research that employ artificial intelligence algorithms and the imaging assessment of biologic age are also reviewed. The presented imaging methods hold promise for improving the evaluation of common conditions affecting older adults including sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	82076-3
ISSN	1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
ISSN (online)	1546-3141
ISSN	0361-803X ; 0092-5381
DOI	10.2214/AJR.23.29742
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Article ; Online: Social activity diversity as a lifestyle factor to alleviate loneliness and chronic pain.

Lee, Soomi / Small, Brent J / Cawthon, Peggy M / Stone, Katie L / Almeida, David M

Journal of psychosomatic research

2023 Volume 172, Page(s) 111434

Abstract: ... in the United States Study (M: Results: Higher social activity diversity at baseline (B = -0.21, 95%CI = [-0.41, -0 ...

Abstract	Objective: This study examined whether social activity diversity, a novel concept indicating an active social lifestyle, is associated with lower subsequent loneliness, and decreased loneliness is further associated with less chronic pain over time. Methods: 2528 adults from the Midlife in the United States Study (M Results: Higher social activity diversity at baseline (B = -0.21, 95%CI = [-0.41, -0.02]) and an increase in social activity diversity over time (B = -0.24, 95%CI = [-0.42, -0.06]) were associated with lower loneliness 9 years later. An increase in loneliness was associated with 24% higher risk of any chronic pain (95%CI = [1.11, 1.38]), greater chronic pain-related interference (B = 0.36, 95%CI = [0.14, 0.58]), and 17% increase in the number of chronic pain locations (95%CI = [1.10, 1.25]) at the follow-up, after controlling for corresponding chronic pain at baseline and covariates. Social activity diversity was not directly was associated with chronic pain, but there were indirect associations through its association with loneliness. Conclusion: Diversity in social life may be associated with decreased loneliness, which in turn, may be associated with less chronic pain, two of the prevalent concerns in adulthood.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Loneliness ; Social Isolation ; Chronic Pain ; Emotions ; Life Style
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80166-5
ISSN	1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
ISSN (online)	1879-1360
ISSN	0022-3999
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111434
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Article ; Online: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study-Ground-Breaking Science for 25 Years and Counting.

Newman, Anne B / Visser, Marjolein / Kritchevsky, Stephen B / Simonsick, Eleanor / Cawthon, Peggy M / Harris, Tamara B

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

2023 Volume 78, Issue 11, Page(s) 2024–2034

Abstract: Background: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study is a longitudinal cohort study that started just over 25 years ago. This ground-breaking study tested specific hypotheses about the importance of weight, body composition, and weight-related ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study is a longitudinal cohort study that started just over 25 years ago. This ground-breaking study tested specific hypotheses about the importance of weight, body composition, and weight-related health conditions for incident functional limitation in older adults. Methods: Narrative review with analysis of ancillary studies, career awards, publications, and citations. Results: Key findings of the study demonstrated the importance of body composition as a whole, both fat and lean mass, in the disablement pathway. The quality of the muscle in terms of its strength and its composition was found to be a critical feature in defining sarcopenia. Dietary patterns and especially protein intake, social factors, and cognition were found to be critical elements for functional limitation and disability. The study is highly cited and its assessments have been widely adopted in both observational studies and clinical trials. Its impact continues as a platform for collaboration and career development. Conclusions: The Health ABC provides a knowledge base for the prevention of disability and promotion of mobility in older adults.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Aging/physiology ; Sarcopenia ; Body Composition ; Cohort Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1223643-3
ISSN	1758-535X ; 1079-5006
ISSN (online)	1758-535X
ISSN	1079-5006
DOI	10.1093/gerona/glad167
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Article: Assessment of Lean Mass and Physical Performance in Sarcopenia.

Cawthon, Peggy M

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry

2015 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 467–471

Abstract: ... a short distance, usually 3-6 m. Other measures of objective physical performance include the Short ... a set distance (such as the fast long distance corridor walk more than 400 m). The "usual pace" version ... of the longer distance walking test, the usual-pace 400 m walk, is an objective measure of disability and has ...

Abstract	This review provides a description of the assessment of lean mass and physical performance with particular attention to how these measures are used in the context of sarcopenia, in both research and clinical settings. One of the most common methods to estimate muscle mass is whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA estimates the total amount of lean tissue but does not directly measure muscle mass. Appendicular lean mass (ALM), derived from DXA scans, is the sum of the lean tissue in the arms and legs. ALM alone, or scaled to height squared (ALM/height(2)) or body mass index (ALM/body mass index), is the most common metric used as an approximation of muscle mass in sarcopenia research. Other methods to assess muscle mass include central or peripheral quantitative computed tomography (to determine muscle cross-sectional area and muscle density, a marker of fat i nfiltration into the muscle); magnetic resonance (to assess muscle cross-sectional area and volume); and bioelectrical impedance analysis (to determine fat-free mass). Many approaches to objectively measuring physical performance have been used in sarcopenia research. Muscle strength is often measured: Grip strength is very inexpensive and straightforward to assess, whereas assessment of lower extremity strength is more difficult. However, lower extremity strength may be a more relevant measure than grip strength in the context of mobility outcomes. Dynamic physical performance is also widely measured in research settings and may be emerging as a routine assessment in clinical care. The most widely used measure of physical performance is walking speed over a short distance, usually 3-6 m. Other measures of objective physical performance include the Short Physical Performance Battery that includes gait speed, ability and time to rise from a chair 5 times, and static balance tests; and the Timed Up and Go test that measures the time to rise from a chair and walk a short distance. Finally, longer distance walking tests are also used. "Fast" versions of these tests measure either distance traveled in a set amount of time (as for the 6-minute walk test) or time to walk a set distance (such as the fast long distance corridor walk more than 400 m). The "usual pace" version of the longer distance walking test, the usual-pace 400 m walk, is an objective measure of disability and has been used as an outcome in clinical trials. In summary, there are many methods available to assess muscle mass and physical function, each with advantages and limitations. The choice of what test to use depends on the nature of the research question or the clinical environment and the availability of resources for evaluation.
MeSH term(s)	Absorptiometry, Photon ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology ; Sarcopenia/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2040951-5
ISSN	1094-6950
ISSN	1094-6950
DOI	10.1016/j.jocd.2015.05.063
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Article: The association between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health among older adults: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Mao, Ziling / Cawthon, Peggy M / Kritchevsky, Stephen B / Toledo, Frederico G S / Esser, Karyn A / Erickson, Melissa L / Newman, Anne B / Farsijani, Samaneh

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2023

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.11.13.23298454
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