Article ; Online: Peculiar weather patterns effects on air pollution and COVID-19 spread in Tokyo metropolis.
2023 Volume 228, Page(s) 115907
Abstract: As a pandemic hotspot in Japan, between March 1, 2020-October 1, 2022, Tokyo metropolis experienced seven COVID-19 waves. Motivated by the high rate of COVID-19 incidence and mortality during the seventh wave, and environmental/health challenges we ... ...
Abstract | As a pandemic hotspot in Japan, between March 1, 2020-October 1, 2022, Tokyo metropolis experienced seven COVID-19 waves. Motivated by the high rate of COVID-19 incidence and mortality during the seventh wave, and environmental/health challenges we conducted a time-series analysis to investigate the long-term interaction of air quality and climate variability with viral pandemic in Tokyo. Through daily time series geospatial and observational air pollution/climate data, and COVID-19 incidence and death cases, this study compared the environmental conditions during COVID-19 multiwaves. In spite of five State of Emergency (SOEs) restrictions associated with COVID-19 pandemic, during (2020-2022) period air quality recorded low improvements relative to (2015-2019) average annual values, namely: Aerosol Optical Depth increased by 9.13% in 2020 year, and declined by 6.64% in 2021, and 12.03% in 2022; particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 decreased during 2020, 2021, and 2022 years by 10.22%, 62.26%, 0.39%, and respectively by 4.42%, 3.95%, 5.76%. For (2021-2022) period the average ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was (0.319 ± 0.1640), showing a higher contribution to aerosol loading of traffic-related coarse particles in comparison with fine particles. The highest rates of the daily recorded COVID-19 incidence and death cases in Tokyo during the seventh COVID-19 wave (1 July 2022-1 October 2022) may be attributed to accumulation near the ground of high levels of air pollutants and viral pathogens due to: 1) peculiar persistent atmospheric anticyclonic circulation with strong positive anomalies of geopotential height at 500 hPa; 2) lower levels of Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) heights; 3) high daily maximum air temperature and land surface temperature due to the prolonged heat waves (HWs) in summer 2022; 4) no imposed restrictions. Such findings can guide public decision-makers to design proper strategies to curb pandemics under persistent stable anticyclonic weather conditions and summer HWs in large metropolitan areas. |
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MeSH term(s) | Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Tokyo/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Weather ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring |
Chemical Substances | Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2023-04-18 |
Publishing country | Netherlands |
Document type | Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
ZDB-ID | 205699-9 |
ISSN | 1096-0953 ; 0013-9351 |
ISSN (online) | 1096-0953 |
ISSN | 0013-9351 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115907 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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