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  1. Article ; Online: The double-edged scalpel: Experiences and perceptions of pregnancy and parenthood during Canadian surgical residency training.

    Peters, Mikaela J / Zhang, Alissa W / Roffey, Darren M / Lefaivre, Kelly A

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0301190

    Abstract: Introduction: Only 34% of Canadian surgeons in 2022 were female. The protracted length of surgical residency training, concerns regarding infertility, and increased rates of obstetrical complications have been shown to contribute to the disproportionate ...

    Abstract Introduction: Only 34% of Canadian surgeons in 2022 were female. The protracted length of surgical residency training, concerns regarding infertility, and increased rates of obstetrical complications have been shown to contribute to the disproportionate lack of females in surgical specialties.
    Methods: A novel online survey was sent to all surgical residents in Canada. Respondents were asked about perceptions of pregnancy and parenthood during surgical training, and parents were asked about parental leave, accommodations they received, and pregnancy complications. Chi squared tests were used to compare opinions of male and female residents.
    Results: A total of 272/2,419 (11.2%) responses were obtained, with a high response from females (61.8%) and orthopaedic residents (29.0%). There were 56 women reporting 76 pregnancy events during training, 62.5% of which had complications. Notably, 27.3% of men and 86.7% of women 'agreed' or 'strongly agreed' that surgeons have higher pregnancy complication rates than the general population (p<0.001). Men were much less likely to believe that pregnant residents should be offered modified duties (74.2% of men, 90.0% of women, p = 0.003). Women were much more likely to experience significant stigma or bias due to their status as a parent (43% of women, 0% of men, p<0.001). Women reported negative comments from others at a higher rate (58.5% of women, 40.7% of men, p = 0.013). Women believe there is negative stigma attached to being pregnant during training (62.7% of women, 42.7% of men, p = 0.01). The limitations of our study include a small sample size and response bias.
    Conclusion: Challenges and negative perceptions exist around pregnancy and parenthood in surgical residency, which disproportionately affect women trainees.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Internship and Residency ; Canada ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Surgeons ; Orthopedics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0301190
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Editorial: Retinal Immunobiology and Retinopathy.

    Lee, Darren J / Xu, Heping / Taylor, Andrew W

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 758375

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Microglia/immunology ; Microglia/pathology ; Retina/immunology ; Retina/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758375
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 associated with immunogenicity to adalimumab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

    Yap, Chuan Fu / Nair, Nisha / de Vries, Annick / Loeff, Floris C / Morgan, Ann W / Isaacs, John D / Wilson, Anthony G / Hyrich, Kimme L / Barton, Anne / Plant, Darren

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases

    2024  Volume 83, Issue 2, Page(s) 263–265

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; HLA-DRB1 Chains/genetics ; Adalimumab/therapeutic use ; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/genetics ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics ; Alleles ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Autoantibodies
    Chemical Substances HLA-DRB1 Chains ; HLA-DQA1 antigen ; Adalimumab (FYS6T7F842) ; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains ; Autoantibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 7090-7
    ISSN 1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
    ISSN (online) 1468-2060
    ISSN 0003-4967
    DOI 10.1136/ard-2023-223955
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  4. Article ; Online: Measurement of the neutral axis in avian eggshells reveals which species conform to the golden ratio.

    Narushin, Valeriy G / Griffin, Alexander W / Romanov, Michael N / Griffin, Darren K

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    2022  Volume 1517, Issue 1, Page(s) 143–153

    Abstract: Avian eggs represent a striking evolutionary adaptation for which shell thickness is crucial. An understudied eggshell property includes the neutral axis, a line that is drawn through any bent structure and whose precise location is characterized by the ... ...

    Abstract Avian eggs represent a striking evolutionary adaptation for which shell thickness is crucial. An understudied eggshell property includes the neutral axis, a line that is drawn through any bent structure and whose precise location is characterized by the k-factor. Previous studies have established that, for chicken eggs, mean k corresponds to the golden ratio (Φ = 1.618, or 0.618 in its reciprocal form). We hypothesized whether such an arrangement of the neutral axis conforms to the eggshell of any bird or only to eggshells with a certain set of geometric parameters. Implementing a suite of innovative methodological approaches, we investigated variations in k of 435 avian species, exploring which correspond to Φ. We found that mean k is highly variable among birds and does not always conform to Φ, being much lower in spherical and ellipsoid eggs and higher in pyriform eggs. While 21 species had k values within 0.618 ± 0.02 (including four falcon species) and the Falconinae subfamily (six species) revealed a mean of 0.618, it is predominantly domesticated species (chicken, ducks, and geese) that lay eggs whose neutral axis corresponds to the golden ratio. Thus, the study of the mathematical secrets of the eggshell related to the golden ratio of its neutral axis suggests its species-specific signatures in birds.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Egg Shell/chemistry ; Chickens ; Species Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 211003-9
    ISSN 1749-6632 ; 0077-8923
    ISSN (online) 1749-6632
    ISSN 0077-8923
    DOI 10.1111/nyas.14895
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  5. Article ; Online: Assessment of Gender Differences in Letters of Recommendation for Physical Therapy Residency Applications.

    Calley, Darren Q / Fu, Sunyang / Hamilton, Marissa D / Kalla, Austin W / Lee, Christopher K / Rasmussen, Veronica A / Hollman, John H / Liu, Hongfang

    Journal, physical therapy education

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: Letters of recommendation (LOR) are an integral component of physical therapy residency applications. Identifying the influence of applicant and writer gender in LOR will help identify whether potential implicit gender bias exists in ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Letters of recommendation (LOR) are an integral component of physical therapy residency applications. Identifying the influence of applicant and writer gender in LOR will help identify whether potential implicit gender bias exists in physical therapy residency application processes.
    Review of literature: Several medical and surgical residency education programs have reported positive, neutral, or negative LOR female gender bias among applicants and writers. Little research exists on gender differences in LOR to physical therapy education programs or physical therapy residency programs.
    Subjects: Seven hundred sixty-eight LOR were analyzed from 256 applications to 3 physical therapy residency programs (neurologic, orthopaedic, sports) at one institution from 2014 to 2020.
    Methods: Thematic categories were developed to identify themes in a sample of LOR. Associations between writer and applicant gender were analyzed using summary statistics, word counts, thematic and psycholinguistic extraction, and rule-based and deep learning Natural Language Processing .
    Results: No significant difference in LOR word counts were found based on writer or applicant gender. Increased word counts were seen in sports residency LOR compared with the orthopaedic residency. Thematic analysis showed LOR gender differences with male applicants receiving more positive generalized recommendations and female applicants receiving more comments regarding interpersonal relationship skills. No thematic or psycholinguistic gender differences were seen by LOR writer. Male applicants were 1.9 times more likely to select all male LOR writers, whereas female applicants were 2.1 times more likely to choose all female LOR writers.
    Discussion and conclusion: Gender differences in LORs for physical therapy residencies were found using a comprehensive Natural Language Processing approach that identified both a positive recommendation male applicant gender bias and a positive interpersonal relationship skill female applicant gender bias. Applicants were not harmed nor helped by selecting LOR writers of the opposite gender. Admissions committees and LOR writers should be mindful of potential implicit gender biases in LOR submitted to physical therapy residency programs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1938-3533
    ISSN (online) 1938-3533
    DOI 10.1097/JTE.0000000000000337
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  6. Article ; Online: Muscle blood flow and vasodilation are blunted at the onset of exercise following an acute bout of ischemia-reperfusion.

    Hanson, Brady E / Feider, Andrew J / Hanada, Satoshi / Aldrich, Aric W / Casey, Darren P

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

    2023  Volume 135, Issue 5, Page(s) 1053–1061

    Abstract: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can attenuate endothelial function and impair nitric oxide bioavailability. We tested the hypothesis that I/R also blunts the rapid and steady-state hyperemic and vasodilatory responses to handgrip exercise. Ten subjects ...

    Abstract Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can attenuate endothelial function and impair nitric oxide bioavailability. We tested the hypothesis that I/R also blunts the rapid and steady-state hyperemic and vasodilatory responses to handgrip exercise. Ten subjects (8M/2F; 24 ± 4 yr) performed handgrip exercises before and after I/R (20 min of ischemia/20 min of reperfusion) and time control (40-min supine rest) trials. Forearm blood flow (FBF) and forearm vascular conductance (FVC) were assessed with Doppler ultrasound during single forearm contractions and 3 min of rhythmic handgrip exercise. Venous blood samples were drawn at rest and during exercise to assess plasma [nitrite]. Peak ΔFBF (from baseline) and ΔFVC following single contractions were attenuated following I/R (134 ± 48 vs. 103 ± 42 mL·min
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Vasodilation/physiology ; Hyperemia ; Hand Strength/physiology ; Nitrites ; Regional Blood Flow/physiology ; Ischemia ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Nitric Oxide ; Muscle Contraction ; Reperfusion ; Forearm/blood supply
    Chemical Substances Nitrites ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219139-8
    ISSN 1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    ISSN (online) 1522-1601
    ISSN 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00314.2023
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  7. Article ; Online: Association of frailty with mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19: a cohort study.

    Aw, Darren / Woodrow, Lauren / Ogliari, Giulia / Harwood, Rowan

    Age and ageing

    2020  Volume 49, Issue 6, Page(s) 915–922

    Abstract: Background: COVID-19 has disproportionately affected older people.: Objective: The objective of this paper to investigate whether frailty is associated with all-cause mortality in older hospital inpatients, with COVID-19.: Design: Cohort study.: ...

    Abstract Background: COVID-19 has disproportionately affected older people.
    Objective: The objective of this paper to investigate whether frailty is associated with all-cause mortality in older hospital inpatients, with COVID-19.
    Design: Cohort study.
    Setting: Secondary care acute hospital.
    Participants: Participants included are 677 consecutive inpatients aged 65 years and over.
    Methods: Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association of frailty with mortality. Frailty was assessed at baseline, according to the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), where higher categories indicate worse frailty. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, previous admissions and acute illness severity.
    Results: Six hundred and sixty-four patients were classified according to CFS. Two hundred and seventy-one died, during a mean follow-up of 34.3 days. Worse frailty at baseline was associated with increased mortality risk, even after full adjustment (P = 0.004). Patients with CFS 4 and CFS 5 had non-significant increased mortality risks, compared to those with CFS 1-3. Patients with CFS 6 had a 2.13-fold (95% CI 1.34-3.38) and those with CFS 7-9 had a 1.79-fold (95% CI 1.12-2.88) increased mortality risk, compared to those with CFS 1-3 (P = 0.001 and 0.016, respectively). Older age, male sex and acute illness severity were also associated with increased mortality risk.
    Conclusions: Frailty is associated with all-cause mortality risk in older inpatients with COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Female ; Frail Elderly/statistics & numerical data ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Geriatric Assessment/methods ; Hospital Mortality/trends ; Humans ; Inpatients/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Survival Rate/trends ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186788-x
    ISSN 1468-2834 ; 0002-0729
    ISSN (online) 1468-2834
    ISSN 0002-0729
    DOI 10.1093/ageing/afaa184
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  8. Article ; Online: A multidisciplinary comparison of transfusion and perioperative support for high-risk cardiac surgery at three large academic centres in North America.

    Jacobs, Jeremy W / Shih, Andrew W / Lombard, Frederick W / Bartoszko, Justyna / Mullane, Darren / Cserti-Gadzewich, Christine / Eichbaum, Quentin

    Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England)

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 337–348

    Abstract: Cardiac surgery is associated with numerous peri- and post-operative haemostatic complications and blood transfusion requirements. Complex procedures such as redo-sternotomy heart transplantation or type A aortic dissection repairs are at high-risk for ... ...

    Abstract Cardiac surgery is associated with numerous peri- and post-operative haemostatic complications and blood transfusion requirements. Complex procedures such as redo-sternotomy heart transplantation or type A aortic dissection repairs are at high-risk for severe coagulopathy and significant transfusion requirements. However, current practice guidelines do not specifically address high-risk surgeries, resulting in variable practice. To optimise outcomes, a multidisciplinary approach to blood transfusion and haemostasis is critical. How individual institutions construct these multidisciplinary teams, delegate responsibilities, and build procedures may differ depending on the institution and availability of resources. In this article, we compare how the transfusion medicine services support their cardiac surgery and transplant programs at three large medical centres-Vanderbilt University Medical Center (the largest heart transplant centre in the world by volume in 2021), Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network (a quaternary-care centre in Canada's most populous city, performing more >20 heart transplants annually), and Vancouver General Hospital (a quaternary-care centre that performs numerous high-risk cardiac surgeries). This article discusses management from multiple perspectives, including the blood bank and perioperative environments, and highlights how institutions have evolved their programs in accordance with nation-specific policies and provisions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Blood Transfusion/methods ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; North America ; Hemostasis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 1067989-3
    ISSN 1365-3148 ; 0958-7578
    ISSN (online) 1365-3148
    ISSN 0958-7578
    DOI 10.1111/tme.12972
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  9. Article ; Online: Characterisation of former manufactured gas plant soils using parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and Rock-Eval(6) pyrolysis.

    Williams-Clayson, Alison M / Vane, Christopher H / Jones, Matthew D / Thomas, Russell / Kim, Alexander W / Taylor, Christopher / Beriro, Darren J

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2023  Volume 339, Page(s) 122658

    Abstract: Soils sampled from 10 former manufactured gas plants (MGP) in the UK were investigated using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and Rock-Eval (6) Pyrolysis (RE). RE is a screening tool used to characterise bulk organic matter in soils via ... ...

    Abstract Soils sampled from 10 former manufactured gas plants (MGP) in the UK were investigated using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and Rock-Eval (6) Pyrolysis (RE). RE is a screening tool used to characterise bulk organic matter in soils via the release of carbon compounds during pyrolysis and oxidation. Both the distributions and concentrations of 30 parent and 21 alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the parameters of RE were analysed to establish relationships between soils and the MGP processes history. Principal component analysis (PCA) using the PAHs distributions and RE parameters can assist with differentiating between MGP processes. MGP processes utilizing oil provided the clearest results, attributed to petrogenic signatures with high proportions of low molecular weight PAHs. Processes using lower temperature processes were distinguished by higher proportions of high molecular weight PAHs. RE parameters alone were unable to distinguish MGP processes but showed potential in estimating the lability and thus the amount of PAH that could be released from soils. This research provides new insights that may be useful in understanding and characterising the risks posed to human health from PAHs in soils.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Soil/chemistry ; Pyrolysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods
    Chemical Substances Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122658
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  10. Article ; Online: Iridium-Catalyzed Aza-Spirocyclization of Indole-Tethered Amides: An Interrupted Pictet-Spengler Reaction.

    Gabriel, Pablo / Gregory, Alex W / Dixon, Darren J

    Organic letters

    2019  Volume 21, Issue 17, Page(s) 6658–6662

    Abstract: A mild, reductive spirocyclization of indole-linked amides and lactams for the efficient and selective synthesis of aza-spirocyclic indoline products is described. The catalytic reductive activation of tertiary amides or lactams by Vaska's complex with ... ...

    Abstract A mild, reductive spirocyclization of indole-linked amides and lactams for the efficient and selective synthesis of aza-spirocyclic indoline products is described. The catalytic reductive activation of tertiary amides or lactams by Vaska's complex with tetramethyldisiloxane as the terminal reductant allowed iminium ion formation, before a diastereoselective 5-endo-trig spirocyclization of the tethered indole moiety was triggered. Terminal reduction affords the aza-spiroindoline products in an overall highly chemoselective and diastereoselective one-pot process.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1523-7052
    ISSN (online) 1523-7052
    DOI 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02194
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