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Article ; Online: Correction: Qian et al. Capsaicin Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and ROS Production in Bladder Cancer Cells through FOXO3a-Mediated Pathways.

Qian, Kaiyu / Wang, Gang / Cao, Rui / Liu, Tao / Qian, Guofeng / Guan, Xinyuan / Guo, Zhongqiang / Xiao, Yu / Wang, Xinghuan

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 27, Issue 19

Abstract: During the course of a review of our publications, an inadvertent error in the article [ ... ]. ...

Abstract	During the course of a review of our publications, an inadvertent error in the article [...].
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27196731
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Article ; Online: Study on Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao Inhibiting Autophagy in Calcium Oxalate-induced Renal Injury by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS-based Metabonomics and Network Pharmacology Approaches.

Liu, Wen-Rui / Li, Mao-Ting / Zhou, Qi / Gao, Song-Yan / Hou, Jie-Bin / Yang, Guo-Bin / Liu, Nan-Mei / Jia-Yan / Yu, Jian-Peng / Cheng, Jin / Guo, Zhi-Yong

Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening

2024 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 90–100

Abstract: Introduction: Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao is a Chinese herbal preparation used to treat urinary calculi ... Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao can protect renal tubular epithelial cells from calcium oxalateinduced renal ... pharmacology to study the mechanism of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao inhibiting autophagy in calcium oxalate-induced ...

Abstract	Introduction: Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao is a Chinese herbal preparation used to treat urinary calculi. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao can protect renal tubular epithelial cells from calcium oxalateinduced renal injury by inhibiting ROS-mediated autopathy. The mechanism still needs further exploration. Metabonomics is a new subject; the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology can find pathways for drugs to act on targets more efficiently. Methods: Comprehensive metabolomics and network pharmacology to study the mechanism of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao inhibiting autophagy in calcium oxalate-induced renal injury. Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, combined with biochemical analysis, a mice model of Calcium oxalateinduced renal injury was established to study the therapeutic effect of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao. Based on the network pharmacology, the target signaling pathway and the protective effect of Fu- Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao on Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury by inhibiting autophagy were explored. Autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5, and ATG7 were studied by immunohistochemistry. Results: Combining network pharmacology and metabolomics, 50 differential metabolites and 2482 targets related to these metabolites were found. Subsequently, the targets enriched in PI3KAkt, MAPK and Ras signaling pathways. LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5 and ATG7 were up-regulated in Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury. All of them could be reversed after the Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian- Cao treatment. Conclusions: Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao can reverse ROS-induced activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibition of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby reducing autophagy damage of renal tubular epithelial cells in Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Network Pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Autophagy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Calcium Oxalate (2612HC57YE) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2064785-2
ISSN	1875-5402 ; 1386-2073
ISSN (online)	1875-5402
ISSN	1386-2073
DOI	10.2174/1386207326666230515151302
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Zs.A 5577: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Reply to Qian and Zhang: Demonstration of the effect of codon usage on transcription by multiple approaches from fungi to animal cells.

Zhao, Fangzhou / Liu, Yi

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2021 Volume 118, Issue 20

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Codon/genetics ; Codon Usage ; Fungi/genetics
Chemical Substances	Codon
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2104896118
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Article: The Traditional Chinese Medicine "Hu-Qian-Wan" Attenuates Osteoarthritis-Induced Signs and Symptoms in an Experimental Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis.

Hou, Pu-Wei / Liu, Shan-Chi / Tsay, Gregory J / Tang, Chih-Hsin / Chang, Hen-Hong

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 5367494

Abstract: ... Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used by patients with KOA in Taiwan; the Hu-Qian-Wan (HQW) formula is typically ...

Abstract	Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disease that affects knee joints and causes functional disability in the elderly. KOA is typically treated with oral NSAIDs, which are commonly associated with gastrointestinal side effects or cardiovascular complications. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used by patients with KOA in Taiwan; the Hu-Qian-Wan (HQW) formula is typically prescribed. We investigated the therapeutic role of a modified version of the HQW decoction in Sprague-Dawley rats with KOA induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) of the right knee. Materials and methods: Thirty rats were randomly assigned to five groups (six animals each): arthrotomy alone (sham surgery, controls), ACLT only, ACLT + low-dose (1,000 mg/kg) HQW, ACLT + high-dose (3,000 mg/kg) HQW, and ACLT + celecoxib (30 mg/kg). All study groups underwent weight-bearing behavioral testing, micro-computed tomography (CT), and histological examinations of the knee joint cartilage, as well as immunohistochemical analyses of levels of interleukin (IL) 1 Results: At 6 weeks, compared with ACLT group only, ACLT rats administered high-dose HQW or celecoxib exhibited the fewest weight-bearing deficits, the greatest improvements from baseline in articular cartilage architecture, and the lowest amounts of TNF- Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high-dose HQW improves weight-bearing asymmetry, decreases bone loss, and reduces levels of TNF-
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2022/5367494
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Article ; Online: Therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus casei Qian treatment in activated carbon-induced constipated mice.

Zhao, Xin / Suo, Hua-Yi / Qian, Yu / Li, Gui-Jie / Liu, Zhen-Hu / Li, Jian

Molecular medicine reports

2015 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 3191–3199

Abstract: In the present study, the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus casei Qian (LC-Qian), the key ... were treated with LC-Qian for nine days by oral administration. The body weight, defecation status ... Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-treated, LC-Qian (L)-and LC-Qian (H)-treated mice was 93, 231, 121, 194, 172 and 157 min ...

Abstract	In the present study, the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus casei Qian (LC-Qian), the key microorganism in Tibetan yak yoghurt, on activated carbon-induced constipation were determined in vivo. ICR mice were treated with LC-Qian for nine days by oral administration. The body weight, defecation status, gastrointestinal transit and defecation time of mice were assessed, and the serum levels of motilin (MTL), gastrin (Gas), endothelin (ET), somatostatin (SS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were further evaluated. Bisacodyl was used as the positive control. The time until the first black stool defecation following carbon intake of the normal, control, 100 mg/kg bisacodyl-treated, Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-treated, LC-Qian (L)-and LC-Qian (H)-treated mice was 93, 231, 121, 194, 172 and 157 min, respectively. Following treatment with LC-Qian, the gastrointestinal transit was increased to 52.4% [LC-Qian (L)] and 65.8% [LC-Qian (H)], while that in the group treated with the common lactic acid bacteria of LB was 40.3%. The MTL, Gas, ET, AChE, SP and VIP serum levels were significantly increased and levels of SS were reduced in mice following LC-Qian treatment compared with those in the control mice (P<0.05). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that LC-Qian raised the c-Kit, GDNF as well as SCF mRNA expression levels and reduced the TRPV1 and NOS expression levels in tissue of the small intestine in mice. These results suggested that lactic acid bacteria prevent constipation in mice, among which LC-Qian was the most effective.
MeSH term(s)	Acetylcholinesterase/genetics ; Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Carbon ; Constipation/chemically induced ; Constipation/diet therapy ; Constipation/genetics ; Constipation/physiopathology ; Defecation/drug effects ; Endothelins/genetics ; Endothelins/metabolism ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics ; GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism ; Gastrins/genetics ; Gastrins/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Transit/drug effects ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/drug effects ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/physiopathology ; Lactobacillus casei/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Motilin/genetics ; Motilin/metabolism ; Probiotics/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism ; Somatostatin/genetics ; Somatostatin/metabolism ; Substance P/genetics ; Substance P/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/genetics ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Endothelins ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Gastrins ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; TRPV Cation Channels ; TRPV1 protein, mouse ; Substance P (33507-63-0) ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (37221-79-7) ; Somatostatin (51110-01-1) ; Motilin (52906-92-0) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) ; Ache protein, mouse (EC 3.1.1.7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1791-3004
ISSN (online)	1791-3004
DOI	10.3892/mmr.2015.3737
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Article ; Online: Metabolomic analysis reveals a protective effect of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao herbal granules on oxalate-induced kidney injury.

Chen, Wei / Liu, Wen-Rui / Hou, Jie-Bin / Ding, Jia-Rong / Peng, Zhong-Jiang / Gao, Song-Yan / Dong, Xin / Ma, Jun-Hua / Lin, Qi-Shan / Lu, Jian-Rao / Guo, Zhi-Yong

Bioscience reports

2019 Volume 39, Issue 2

Abstract: ... of persistent renal dysfunction. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao granules (FFJQC), a traditional Chinese herb formula, is ...

Abstract	Nephrolithiasis is one of the world's major public health burdens with a high incidence and a risk of persistent renal dysfunction. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao granules (FFJQC), a traditional Chinese herb formula, is commonly used in treatment of nephrolithiasis. However, the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney stone has still been a mystery. The objective of the present study is to explore the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney injury and identify unique metabolomics patterns using a mouse model of kidney stone induced by a calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition. Von Kossa staining and immuno-histopathological staining of osteopontin (OPN), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and calbindin-D28k were conducted on renal sections. Biochemical analysis was performed on serum, urine, and kidney tissues. A metabolomics approach based on ultra-HPLC coupled with quadrupole-TOF-MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used for serum metabolic profiling. The immunohistopathological and biochemical analysis showed the therapeutic benefits of FFJQC. The expression levels of OPN and CD44 were decreased while calbindin-D28k increased after the CaOx injured mice were treated with FFJQC. In addition, total of 81 serum metabolites were identified to be associated with protective effects of FFJQC on CaOx crystal injured mice. Most of these metabolites were involved in purine, amino acid, membrane lipid and energy metabolism. Potential metabolite biomarkers were found for CaOx crystal-induced renal damage. Potential metabolite biomarkers of CaOx crystal-induced renal damage were found. FFJQC shows therapeutic benefits on CaOx crystal injured mice via regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including amino acids, purine, pyrimidine, glycerolipid, arachidonic acid (AA), sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and fatty acid.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium Oxalate/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/pathology ; Male ; Metabolome/drug effects ; Metabolomics ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protective Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Protective Agents ; Calcium Oxalate (2612HC57YE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	764946-0
ISSN	1573-4935 ; 0144-8463
ISSN (online)	1573-4935
ISSN	0144-8463
DOI	10.1042/BSR20181833
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Zs.A 1676: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Qian lie an suppository (prostant) for chronic prostatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Hui-Juan, Cao / Shi-Bing, Liang / Jian-Ping, Liu / Bin, Wang / Hai-Song, Li / Ji-Sheng, Wang / Si-Qi, Guan / Yu-Tian, Zhu / Heng-Heng, Dai / Chun-Yu, Zhou

Medicine

2019 Volume 98, Issue 14, Page(s) e15072

Abstract: ... for the treatment of CP is limited.: Objectives: This review evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Qian Lie ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic prostatitis (CP) is an inflammation of the prostate gland that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The existing evidence of antibiotics and α-blockers for the treatment of CP is limited. Objectives: This review evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Qian Lie An Suppository (Prostant) in treating CP. Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing Prostant (alone or plus the control) with placebo, conventional drugs, or nonpharmaceutical therapies for CP were included in this article through searching from 6 databases. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Meta-analysis was performed when the clinical or statistical heterogeneity was found acceptable among trials. Estimate effects were present with risk ratio (RR) or mean difference and their 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomies or continuous variables. Quality of the evidence for each primary outcome was assessed using GRADE criteria. Results: Totally 21 trials involving 3359 participants were included. There were 2 included trials had unclear risk of bias, and the remaining trials had high risk of bias. Meta-analyses showed the number of cured patients in the Prostant group was 2 times more than that of the placebo (RR 2.05, 95%CI 1.10 to 3.81) or antibiotics (RR 1.95, 95%CI 1.18 to 3.23) groups. Similar results were found when Prostant in combination with antibiotics or hyperthermia compared with the antibiotics (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.10-2.89) or hyperthermia (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.23-2.40) alone. However, there was no difference in the number of cured patients between Prostant and α-blockers or hyperthermia therapy. No severe adverse event was reported in all included trials. The main adverse events in Prostant group were reported (in 8 included trials) as diarrhea and anal discomfort. Conclusions: Low-quality evidence showed that the Prostant may have add-on effect for patients with CP on increasing the number of cured patients, relieving pain, and improving the quality of life. There is not sufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness and safety of Prostant for the treatment of CP compared with placebo, antibiotics, α-blockers or the hyperthermia therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Rectal ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis/drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Suppositories
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Suppositories ; prostant
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000015072
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Article ; Online: Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao herbal granules protect against the calcium oxalate-induced renal EMT by inhibiting the TGF-β/smad pathway.

Liu, Wen-Rui / Lu, Hong-Tao / Zhao, Ting-Ting / Ding, Jia-Rong / Si, Ya-Chen / Chen, Wei / Hou, Jie-Bin / Gao, Song-Yan / Dong, Xin / Yu, Bing / Guo, Zhi-Yong / Lu, Jian-Rao

Pharmaceutical biology

2020 Volume 58, Issue 1, Page(s) 1115–1122

Abstract: Context: Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide and Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao ...

Abstract	Context: Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide and Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao granules (FFJQC) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that is used to treat nephrolithiasis. The main component of nephrolithiasis is calcium oxalate (CaOx) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) shown to play a crucial role in CaOx-induced kidney injury. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of FFJQC on the CaOx-induced renal EMT is unknown. Objective: This study explores the therapeutic benefits and mechanism of FFJQC in oxalate-induced kidney injury. Materials and methods: 60 male C57BL/6 mice were used in this experiment and divided into 6 groups. A mouse kidney stone model was created by intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 6 days. The standardized FFJQC was used to treat mouse crystal kidney injury by gavage at 1.35 and 2.7 g/kg, respectively. Western blotting and immunostaining for E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 (CK18), vimentin, smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway were conducted on renal tissues. Results: Following CaOx-induced kidney injury, the levels of E-cadherin and CK18 in kidney decreased, while vimentin and α-SMA levels increased. The FFJQC treatment increased the levels of E-cadherin and CK18 and decreased vimentin and α-SMA levels in varying degrees. What's more, the FFJQC reduced the expression of CaOx-induced fibrosis marker collagen II. Conclusion: FFJQC alleviated the CaOx-induced renal EMT and fibrosis by regulating TGF-β/smad pathway. Therefore, the FFJQC is an important traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of CaOx-induced renal injury and fibrosis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects ; Kidney Calculi/prevention & control ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nephrolithiasis/prevention & control ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Smad Proteins/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cadherins ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Smad Proteins ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Calcium Oxalate (2612HC57YE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1440131-9
ISSN	1744-5116 ; 1388-0209
ISSN (online)	1744-5116
ISSN	1388-0209
DOI	10.1080/13880209.2020.1844241
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the antioxidant and endothelial protective effects of Lysimachia christinae Hance (Jin Qian Cao) extract fractions.

Wu, Ning-Hua / Ke, Zhi-Qiang / Wu, Shan / Yang, Xiao-Song / Chen, Qing-Jie / Huang, Sheng-Tang / Liu, Chao

BMC complementary and alternative medicine

2018 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 128

Abstract: Background: Lysimachia christinae Hance is a traditional Chinese medicine with diuretic, detumescent, and detoxifying effects. Our aimed to optimize the extraction protocol to maximize the yield of flavonoids from Lysimachia christinae Hance, and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Lysimachia christinae Hance is a traditional Chinese medicine with diuretic, detumescent, and detoxifying effects. Our aimed to optimize the extraction protocol to maximize the yield of flavonoids from Lysimachia christinae Hance, and evaluate the pharmacological activities of four fractions, namely, petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (NB), and aqueous (AQ) fractions, of the ethanolic extract of Lysimachia christinae Hance. Methods: The flavonoid monomers in the crude extract were characterized via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were used as markers for extract quality control and standardization. The total flavonoid, total phenolic, and total polysaccharide contents of each fraction were determined by spectrophotometry. Further, the in vitro free radical (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals) scavenging activities, and antioxidant capacity in endothelial cells were evaluated for each fraction. Results: After optimizing the extraction protocol to maximize the total flavonoid yield from L. christinae Hance, the NB fractions had the highest total flavonoid (39.4 ± 4.55 mg RE/g), total phenolic (41.1 ± 3.07 mg GAE/g) and total polysaccharide (168.1 ± 7.07 mg GE/g); In addition, the NB fraction of the ethanolic extract of L. christinae Hance reveal the strongest radical-scavenging activity, antioxidant activity and protective effects against H Conclusions: Among the four fractions of L. christinae Hance, the NB fraction showed the most potent antioxidant and endothelial protective effects, which may be attributed to its high flavonoid, phenolic contents and optimal portfolio of different active ingredients of NB fractions of the ethanolic extract of L. christinae Hance. This study might improve our understanding of the pharmacological activities of L. christinae Hance, thereby facilitating its use in disease prevention and treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/chemistry ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Phenols/analysis ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Polysaccharides/analysis ; Primulaceae/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Flavonoids ; Phenols ; Plant Extracts ; Polysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050429-9
ISSN	1472-6882 ; 1472-6882
ISSN (online)	1472-6882
ISSN	1472-6882
DOI	10.1186/s12906-018-2157-1
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Article ; Online: Noise does not equal bias in assessing the evolutionary history of the angiosperm flora of China: A response to Qian (2019)

Lu, Li‐Min / Hu, Hai‐Hua / Peng, Dan‐Xiao / Liu, Bing / Ye, Jian‐Fei / Yang, Tuo / Li, Hong‐Lei / Sun, Miao / Smith, Stephen A. / Soltis, Pamela S. / Soltis, Douglas E. / Chen, Zhi‐Duan

Journal of biogeography. 2020 Oct., v. 47, no. 10 p.2286-2291

2020

Abstract: In response to our paper on the evolutionary history of the Chinese flora, Qian suggests ... al (2018). Here, we consider Qian's specific criticisms, explore the extent of uncertainty ...

Abstract	In response to our paper on the evolutionary history of the Chinese flora, Qian suggests that certain features of the divergence time estimation employed might have led to biased conclusions in Lu et al (2018). Here, we consider Qian's specific criticisms, explore the extent of uncertainty in the data and demonstrate that (i) no systematic bias toward dates that are too young or too old is detected in Lu et al.; (ii) constraint of the crown age of angiosperms does not bias the generic ages estimated by Lu et al.; and (iii) ages derived from the Chinese regional phylogeny do not bias the conclusions reported by Lu et al. All these analyses confirm that the conclusions reported previously are robust. We argue that, like many large‐scale biodiversity analyses, sources of noise in divergence time estimation are to be expected, but these should not be confused with bias.
Keywords	Angiospermae ; biodiversity ; biogeography ; flora ; phylogeny ; uncertainty ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-10
Size	p. 2286-2291.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; LETTER
ZDB-ID	188963-1
ISSN	0305-0270
ISSN	0305-0270
DOI	10.1111/jbi.13947
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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