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Book: Energy dispersive X-ray analysis in the electron microscope

Garratt-Reed, Anthony J. / Bell, David C.

(Microscopy handbooks ; 49)

2003

Title variant	Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis in the electron microscope
Author's details	A. J. Garratt-Reed and D. C. Bell
Series title	Microscopy handbooks ; 49
Collection
Keywords	X-ray microanalysis ; Transmission electron microscopes ; Energiedispersive Röntgenspektroskopie ; Elektronenmikroskop
Subject	EM ; Übermikroskop ; EDRS ; EDS ; EDXS ; EDAX
Subject code	537.535
Language	English
Size	XII, 141 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
Publisher	BIOS
Publishing place	Oxford
Publishing country	Great Britain
Document type	Book
Note	Includes bibliographical references and index
HBZ-ID	HT013590990
ISBN	1-85996-109-6 ; 978-1-85996-109-4
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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2003 A 842	order for loan	Magazin

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Article ; Online: Longitudinal study of energy, neurosensory and eating responses durinG pregnancY (ENERGY cohort): A study protocol.

McCormack, Jessica C / Roberts, Reece / Garratt, Mike / Wang, Ting / Hayes, John / Peng, Mei

Clinical nutrition ESPEN

2023 Volume 54, Page(s) 271–276

Abstract: Background and aims: Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy can have long-term impacts on metabolism and neurosensory responses to food, which can impact nutrition and health outcomes. The ENERGY cohort is a longitudinal study that aims to ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy can have long-term impacts on metabolism and neurosensory responses to food, which can impact nutrition and health outcomes. The ENERGY cohort is a longitudinal study that aims to capitalizes on pregnancy as a natural model of metabolic reprogramming in order to understand the neurosensory mechanisms underpinning links between metabolism and dietary behaviour. The study objectives are to test for multi-sensory shifts during pregnancy, and the effect of sensory changes on dietary choices and bodyweights, and to identify neurosensory mechanisms that determine macronutrient selection before and after pregnancy. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study involving 130 pregravid women planning to conceive with the next 12-months and 65 pregravid women with no short-term plans to conceive. Participants will be recruited from Dunedin and Auckland, New Zealand. The study will test for changes in diet, neurosensory outcomes, and metabolism across the reproductive cycle, from pre-pregnancy to 1-year post-pregnancy. Data will be collected at six timepoint throughout the pregnancy which will occur approximately every 3 months. The primary response variables will be changes in supra-threshold sensitivity across modalities, dietary intake, and metabolism between pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy. Longitudinal data analysis will use linear mixed models to assess changes in the response outcomes over time adjusted for age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Discussion: Understanding the relationship between metabolism, sensory processing, and macronutrient preferences will provide crucial insights into diet-related health issues, including obesity. This study will lead to the formation of a prospective research cohort that is unique to Aotearoa New Zealand, and will develop multidisciplinary skills that are increasingly necessary to addressing the obesity epidemic.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Nutritional Status ; Diet
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2405-4577
ISSN (online)	2405-4577
DOI	10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.01.033
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Article ; Online: Examining factors for the adoption of silvopastoral agroforestry in the Colombian Amazon.

Alvarado Sandino, C O / Barnes, A P / Sepúlveda, I / Garratt, M P D / Thompson, J / Escobar-Tello, M P

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 12252

Abstract: Current land use systems in the Amazon largely consist of extensive conventional productivist livestock operations that drive deforestation. Silvopastoral systems (SPS) support a transition to low carbon production if they intensify in sympathy with the ... ...

Abstract	Current land use systems in the Amazon largely consist of extensive conventional productivist livestock operations that drive deforestation. Silvopastoral systems (SPS) support a transition to low carbon production if they intensify in sympathy with the needs of biophysical and socio-economic contexts. SPS have been promoted for decades as an alternative livestock production system but widespread uptake has yet to be seen. We provide a schema of associating factors for adoption of SPS based on past literature in tropical agriculture and apply this to a bespoke survey of 172 farms in the Caquetá region of the Colombian Amazon. We find a number of factors which do not apply to this region and argue for a context specific approach. The impact of managing increased market access and opportunities for SPS producers are crucial to avoiding additional deforestation. Further understanding of the underlying antecedents of common factors, such as perceptions of silvopastoral systems, would reduce the risk of perverse policy outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Colombia ; Agriculture ; Farms ; Policy ; Carbon ; Conservation of Natural Resources
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-39038-0
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Article ; Online: X-ray structure of the metastable SEPT14-SEPT7 coiled coil reveals a hendecad region crucial for heterodimerization.

Cavini, Italo A / Winter, Ashley J / D'Muniz Pereira, Humberto / Woolfson, Derek N / Crump, Matthew P / Garratt, Richard C

Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology

2023 Volume 79, Issue Pt 10, Page(s) 881–894

Abstract: Septins are membrane-associated, GTP-binding proteins that are present in most eukaryotes. They polymerize to play important roles as scaffolds and/or diffusion barriers as part of the cytoskeleton. α-Helical coiled-coil domains are believed to ... ...

Abstract	Septins are membrane-associated, GTP-binding proteins that are present in most eukaryotes. They polymerize to play important roles as scaffolds and/or diffusion barriers as part of the cytoskeleton. α-Helical coiled-coil domains are believed to contribute to septin assembly, and those observed in both human SEPT6 and SEPT8 form antiparallel homodimers. These are not compatible with their parallel heterodimeric organization expected from the current model for protofilament assembly, but they could explain the interfilament cross-bridges observed by microscopy. Here, the first structure of a heterodimeric septin coiled coil is presented, that between SEPT14 and SEPT7; the former is a SEPT6/SEPT8 homolog. This new structure is parallel, with two long helices that are axially shifted by a full helical turn with reference to their sequence alignment. The structure also has unusual knobs-into-holes packing of side chains. Both standard seven-residue (heptad) and the less common 11-residue (hendecad) repeats are present, creating two distinct regions with opposite supercoiling, which gives rise to an overall straight coiled coil. Part of the hendecad region is required for heterodimerization and therefore may be crucial for selective septin recognition. These unconventional sequences and structural features produce a metastable heterocomplex that nonetheless has enough specificity to promote correct protofilament assembly. For instance, the lack of supercoiling may facilitate unzipping and transitioning to the antiparallel homodimeric state.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Protein Domains ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/chemistry ; Septins/chemistry ; X-Rays
Chemical Substances	Proteins ; Septins (EC 3.6.1.-) ; SEPTIN14 protein, human (EC 3.6.1.-) ; SEPTIN7 protein, human (EC 3.6.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2968623-4
ISSN	2059-7983 ; 0907-4449
ISSN (online)	2059-7983
ISSN	0907-4449
DOI	10.1107/S2059798323006514
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Article ; Online: Female mice seek refuge from castrated males, but not intact or vasectomized males, mitigating a socially-induced glucocorticoid response.

Gale, Teagan J / Garratt, Michael / Brooks, Robert C

Physiology & behavior

2019 Volume 211, Page(s) 112678

Abstract: Sexual conflict may be manifested during social interactions, shaping the costs of reproduction in sexually reproducing species. This conflict, and the physical necessity of intromission, can intensify the already costly nature of reproduction for female ...

Abstract	Sexual conflict may be manifested during social interactions, shaping the costs of reproduction in sexually reproducing species. This conflict, and the physical necessity of intromission, can intensify the already costly nature of reproduction for female mammals. To identify and partition the costs that males inflict on females during mating and reproduction, we paired female mice with either other females or castrated, vasectomised, or intact (sham-vasectomised) males, thus manipulating exposure to social mating behavior and costs arising from fertilization. We also provided females with refuges where males could not enter, to test whether females show avoidance or attraction to males of different gonadal status expected to exhibit different levels of social behavior. We found that females paired with vasectomised and castrated males spent the most time in their refuge. Females housed with castrated males also had increased glucocorticoid levels, an effect that was mitigated when females could retreat from these males to a refuge. This suggests that females actively refuge from castrated males, and that housing with such males is sufficient to generate an increased glucocorticoid response. Our results show that females choose to refuge from males depending on the partner's gonadal status, choices that are linked to social induced stress responses but not exposure to male mating behaviour.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Castration ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Social Behavior ; Stress, Psychological/blood ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Vasectomy
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3907-x
ISSN	1873-507X ; 0031-9384
ISSN (online)	1873-507X
ISSN	0031-9384
DOI	10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112678
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bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: "Keeping our distance": Older adults' experiences during year one of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Australia.

Gilbert, Andrew S / Garratt, Stephanie M / Brijnath, Bianca / Ostaszkiewicz, Joan / Batchelor, Frances / Dang, Christa / Dow, Briony / Goh, Anita M Y

Journal of aging studies

2023 Volume 67, Page(s) 101170

Abstract: The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on everyday life in Australia despite relatively low infection rates. Lockdown restrictions were among the harshest in the world, while older adults were portrayed as especially vulnerable by ... ...

Abstract	The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on everyday life in Australia despite relatively low infection rates. Lockdown restrictions were among the harshest in the world, while older adults were portrayed as especially vulnerable by politicians and the media. This study examines the perceptions and experiences of the pandemic and lockdowns among 31 older Australians. We investigated how participants perceived their own vulnerability, their attitudes towards lockdowns and protective behaviors, and how the pandemic affected everyday life. We found that participants were cautious about COVID-19 and vigilant observers of physical distancing. Despite approving of public health guidelines and lockdowns, participants raised concerns about weakening social ties and prolonged social isolation. Those living alone or lacking strong family ties were most likely to report increased loneliness. Most participants nonetheless regarded themselves as "fortunate": they perceived older age as affording them financial, emotional, and relational stability, which insulated them from the worst impacts of the coronavirus pandemic. In their views, financial independence and post-retirement lifestyles helped them adapt to isolation and the disruption of lockdowns.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Australia/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Emotions
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2006012-9
ISSN	1879-193X ; 0890-4065
ISSN (online)	1879-193X
ISSN	0890-4065
DOI	10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101170
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Article: One Chance in a Million: Altruism and the Bone Marrow Registry.

Bergstrom, Theodore C / Garratt, Rodney J / Sheehan-Connor, Damien

The American economic review

2018 Volume 99, Issue 4, Page(s) 1309–1334

MeSH term(s)	African Americans ; Altruism ; Asian Americans ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Hispanic Americans ; Humans ; Indians, North American ; Motivation ; Registries/statistics & numerical data ; Tissue Banks/statistics & numerical data ; Tissue Donors/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2009979-4
ISSN	1944-7981 ; 0002-8282
ISSN (online)	1944-7981
ISSN	0002-8282
DOI	10.1257/aer.99.4.1309
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Article: Retrospective Analysis of Micrometeorological Observations Above an Australian Wheat Crop

Garratt, J. R / Pearman, G. I

Boundary-layer meteorology. 2020 Dec., v. 177, no. 2-3

2020

Abstract: ... to agree with the net longwave flux only when the dry-bulb temperature exceeds 10 °C, probably the result ...

Abstract	We apply well-established flux–gradient relationships to deduce the aerodynamic and radiative properties of a winter wheat crop, using a neglected 1971 dataset (hourly averages), only recently resurrected as part of a historical review of precision CO₂ measurements in Australia (Pearman et al. in Hist Rec Aust Sci 28:111–125, 2017). The aerodynamic roughness length (seasonal variation between 0.07 and 0.14 of the mean crop height) and broadband albedo (seasonal variation between 0.13 and 0.23) are consistent with values published in the literature over the past 50 years. Net radiation at night is found to agree with the net longwave flux only when the dry-bulb temperature exceeds 10 °C, probably the result of dewfall on one or both of the two instruments. During the day, the sum of the four individual radiative flux components (upwards and downwards shortwave and longwave)—the composite net radiation—exceeds the directly measured net radiation, from near zero at sunrise to approximately 100 W m⁻² at maximum net radiation ≈ 600 W m⁻², viz. an underestimate in the directly measured net radiation of close to 15%. Again, this is in line with instrument comparisons made in the USA and Europe 15–25 years ago. A novel approach is used in the analysis of terms in the surface energy budget, viz., normalization of all terms by the downwelling shortwave flux. Normalization reveals, (1) near-normal frequency distributions of both the total turbulent heat flux (sensible plus latent) and the implied total storage (the residual); (2) significant diurnal variations in the total turbulent heat flux, whose standard deviations of individual values about any hourly mean during daytime are reduced significantly on those for either the sensible or latent heat flux; (3) an implied storage term with a well-defined diurnal variation, but with an overall mean value of 1% of the shortwave input. Overall, with the above results in mind, the computed momentum and heat fluxes (and also the CO₂ flux) during the daytime, at small to moderate gradient Richardson numbers, provide support for the profile approach when eddy-correlation fluxes are unavailable. Even so, possible errors due to, (1) uncertainties in the zero-plane displacement, and (2) influences of the roughness sublayer, must be borne in mind.
Keywords	aerodynamics ; carbon dioxide ; data collection ; diurnal variation ; dry-bulb temperature ; energy ; heat transfer ; latent heat flux ; meteorology ; momentum ; net radiation ; retrospective studies ; roughness ; roughness length ; seasonal variation ; winter wheat ; Australia ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 613-641.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1477639-X
ISSN	1573-1472 ; 0006-8314
ISSN (online)	1573-1472
ISSN	0006-8314
DOI	10.1007/s10546-020-00526-9
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Airway macrophages display decreased expression of receptors mediating and regulating scavenging in early cystic fibrosis lung disease.

Slimmen, Lisa J M / Giacalone, Vincent D / Schofield, Craig / Horati, Hamed / Manaï, Badies H A N / Estevão, Silvia C / Garratt, Luke W / Peng, Limin / Tirouvanziam, Rabindra / Janssens, Hettie M / Unger, Wendy W J

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1202009

Abstract: Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterized by chronic inflammation, featuring neutrophil influx to the lumen. Airway macrophages (AMs) can promote both inflammation and resolution, and are thus critical to maintaining and restoring ...

Abstract	Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterized by chronic inflammation, featuring neutrophil influx to the lumen. Airway macrophages (AMs) can promote both inflammation and resolution, and are thus critical to maintaining and restoring homeostasis. CF AM functions, specifically scavenging activity and resolution of inflammation, have been shown to be impaired, yet underlying processes remain unknown. We hypothesized that impaired CF AM function results from an altered expression of receptors that mediate or regulate scavenging, and set out to investigate changes in expression of these markers during the early stages of CF lung disease. Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from 50 children with CF aged 1, 3 or 5 years. BALF cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Expression levels of surface markers on AMs were expressed as median fluorescence intensities (MFI) or percentage of AMs positive for these markers. The effect of age and neutrophilic inflammation, among other variables, on marker expression was assessed with a multivariate linear regression model. Results: AM expression of scavenger receptor CD163 decreased with age (p = 0.016) and was negatively correlated with BALF %neutrophils (r = -0.34, p = 0.016). AM expression of immune checkpoint molecule SIRPα also decreased with age (p = 0.0006), but did not correlate with BALF %neutrophils. Percentage of AMs expressing lipid scavenger CD36 was low overall (mean 20.1% ± 16.5) and did not correlate with other factors. Conversely, expression of immune checkpoint PD-1 was observed on the majority of AMs (mean PD-1 Conclusion: In BALF of preschool children with CF, higher age and/or increased neutrophilic inflammation coincided with decreased expression of scavenger receptors on AMs. Expression of scavenging receptors and regulators showed a distinctly different pattern in AMs compared to blood monocytes. These findings suggest AM capacity to counter inflammation and promote homeostasis reduces during initiation of CF airway disease and highlight new avenues of investigation into impaired CF AM function.
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Cystic Fibrosis ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Inflammation ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202009
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Article ; Online: Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe x-ray spectroscopy of liquid water.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2024 Volume 383, Issue 6687, Page(s) 1118–1122

Abstract: Attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have long been sought as the most straightforward method for observing electron dynamics in real time. Although there has been much success with overlapped near-infrared femtosecond and extreme ultraviolet ... ...

Abstract	Attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have long been sought as the most straightforward method for observing electron dynamics in real time. Although there has been much success with overlapped near-infrared femtosecond and extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses combined with theory, true attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have been limited. We used a synchronized attosecond x-ray pulse pair from an x-ray free-electron laser to study the electronic response to valence ionization in liquid water through all x-ray attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (AX-ATAS). Our analysis showed that the AX-ATAS response is confined to the subfemtosecond timescale, eliminating any hydrogen atom motion and demonstrating experimentally that the 1b
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.adn6059
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