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Article ; Online: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Complications After Hepatic Transarterial Chemoembolization for Liver Tumors.

Zandieh, Ghazal / Yazdaninia, Iman / Afyouni, Shadi / Shaghaghi, Mohamadreza / Borhani, Ali / Mohseni, Alireza / Shaghaghi, Shiva / Liddell, Robert / Kamel, Ihab R

Journal of computer assisted tomography

2024

Abstract: Abstract: This study reviews the spectrum of imaging findings and complications after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of primary liver tumors (hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma) and liver metastases. The review ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: This study reviews the spectrum of imaging findings and complications after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of primary liver tumors (hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma) and liver metastases. The review encompasses a spectrum of imaging criteria for assessing treatment response, including the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors guidelines, tumor enhancement, and apparent diffusion coefficient alterations.We discuss the expected posttreatment changes and imaging responses to TACE, describing favorable and poor responses. Moreover, we present cases that demonstrate potential complications post-TACE, including biloma formation, acute cholecystitis, abscesses, duodenal perforation, arterial injury, and nontarget embolization. Each complication is described in detail, considering its causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, and imaging characteristics.To illustrate these findings, a series of clinical cases is presented, featuring diverse imaging modalities including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and digital subtraction angiography.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80392-3
ISSN	1532-3145 ; 0363-8715
ISSN (online)	1532-3145
ISSN	0363-8715
DOI	10.1097/RCT.0000000000001610
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Article ; Online: Thalamic asymmetry in Multiple Sclerosis.

Ramezani, Neda / Davanian, Fariba / Naghavi, Saba / Riahi, Roya / Zandieh, Ghazal / Danesh-Mobarhan, Safieh / Ashtari, Fereshteh / Shaygannejad, Vahid / Sanayei, Mehdi / Adibi, Iman

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders

2023 Volume 77, Page(s) 104853

Abstract: Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system. Asymmetry is one of the finding in brain MRI of these patients, which is related to the debilitating symptoms of the disease. This study ... ...

Abstract	Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system. Asymmetry is one of the finding in brain MRI of these patients, which is related to the debilitating symptoms of the disease. This study aimed to investigate and compare the thalamic asymmetry in MS patients and its relationship with other MRI and clinical findings of these patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 83 patients with relapse-remitting MS (RRMS), 43 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 89 healthy controls. The volumes of total intracranial, total gray matter, total white matter, lesions, thalamus, and also the thalamic asymmetry indices were calculated. The 9-hole peg test (9-HPT) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were assessed as clinical findings. Results: We showed that the normalized whole thalamic volume in healthy subjects was higher than MS patients (both RRMS and SPMS). Thalamic asymmetry index (TAI) was significantly different between RRMS patients and SPMS patients (p = 0.011). The absolute value of TAI was significantly lower in healthy subjects than in RRMS (p < 0.001) and SPMS patients (p < 0.001), and SPMS patients had a higher absolute TAI compared to RRMS patients (p = 0.037). Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study we showed a relationship between normalized whole thalamic volume and MS subtype. Also, we showed that the asymmetric indices of the thalamus can be related to the progression of the disease. Eventually, we showed that thalamic asymmetry can be related to the disease progression and subtype changes in MS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/pathology ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Gray Matter/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Thalamus/diagnostic imaging ; Atrophy/pathology ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/complications ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/pathology ; Brain/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645330-7
ISSN	2211-0356 ; 2211-0348
ISSN (online)	2211-0356
ISSN	2211-0348
DOI	10.1016/j.msard.2023.104853
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Article ; Online: Utilization of Radiomics Features Extracted From Preoperative Medical Images to Detect Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis.

Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad / Afyouni, Shadi / Zandieh, Ghazal / Yazdani Nia, Iman / Mohseni, Alireza / Borhani, Ali / Madani, Seyedeh Panid / Shahbazian, Haneyeh / Ansari, Golnoosh / Kim, Amy / Kamel, Ihab R

Journal of computer assisted tomography

2023 Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 184–193

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to determine the methodological quality and evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiomics features in detecting lymph node metastasis on preoperative images in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer.: ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study aimed to determine the methodological quality and evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiomics features in detecting lymph node metastasis on preoperative images in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Methods: Publications between January 2005 and October 2022 were considered for inclusion. Databases such as Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. The quality of the methodology of the manuscripts was determined using the Radiomics Quality Score and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Pooled results with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the DerSimonian-Liard method (random-effect model). Forest plots were used to visually represent the diagnostic profile of radiomics signature in each of the data sets pertaining to each study. Fagan plot was used to determine clinical applicability. Results: Overall sensitivity was 0.748 (95% CI, 0.703-0.789). Overall specificity was 0.795 (95% CI, 0.742-0.839). The combined negative likelihood ratio was 0.299 (95% CI, 0.266-0.350), and the positive likelihood ratio was 3.545 (95% CI, 2.850-4.409). The combined odds ratio of the studies was 12.184 (95% CI, 8.477-17.514). The overall summary receiver operating characteristics area under the curve was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80-0.86). Three studies applied nomograms to 8 data sets and achieved a higher pooled sensitivity and specificity (0.85 [0.80-0.89] and 0.85 [0.71-0.93], respectively). Conclusions: The pooled analysis showed that predictive models fed with radiomics features achieve good sensitivity and specificity in detecting lymph node metastasis in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging images. Supplementation of the models with biological correlates increased sensitivity and specificity in all data sets.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology ; Radiomics ; Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Cholangiocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging ; Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80392-3
ISSN	1532-3145 ; 0363-8715
ISSN (online)	1532-3145
ISSN	0363-8715
DOI	10.1097/RCT.0000000000001557
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Article: Autoimmune pancreatitis: a review.

Zandieh, Iman / Byrne, Michael-F

World journal of gastroenterology

2007 Volume 13, Issue 47, Page(s) 6327–6332

Abstract: Autoimmune pancreatitis has emerged over the last 40 years from a proposed concept to a well established and recognized entity. As an efficient mimicker of pancreatic carcinoma, its early and appropriate recognition are crucial. With mounting ... ...

Abstract	Autoimmune pancreatitis has emerged over the last 40 years from a proposed concept to a well established and recognized entity. As an efficient mimicker of pancreatic carcinoma, its early and appropriate recognition are crucial. With mounting understanding of its pathogenesis and natural history, significant advances have been made in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. The characteristic laboratory features and imaging seen in autoimmune pancreatitis are reviewed along with some of the proposed diagnostic criteria and treatment algorithms.
MeSH term(s)	Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology ; Autoimmune Diseases/pathology ; Autoimmune Diseases/therapy ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Endosonography ; Humans ; Pancreas/pathology ; Pancreatitis/diagnosis ; Pancreatitis/epidemiology ; Pancreatitis/pathology ; Pancreatitis/therapy ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-12-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2185929-2
ISSN	2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
ISSN (online)	2219-2840
ISSN	1007-9327
DOI	10.3748/wjg.v13.i47.6327
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Article: Screening of sugar beet tissue culture clones for resistance to rhizomania disease.

Salari, Vahid / Norouzi, Peyman / Omidi, Mansour / Amiri, Reza / Zandieh, Iman

Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS

2008 Volume 11, Issue 12, Page(s) 1610–1614

Abstract: In this study, sugar beet tissue culture clones were used to screen rhizomania resistant genotypes. At first, explants derived from shoot tips of sugar beet seedlings were transferred to shoot tip elongation media after surface sterilization. Then, the ... ...

Abstract	In this study, sugar beet tissue culture clones were used to screen rhizomania resistant genotypes. At first, explants derived from shoot tips of sugar beet seedlings were transferred to shoot tip elongation media after surface sterilization. Then, the grown shoots were transferred to media containing various hormonal combinations NAA, BA, IBA and GA3 for multiplication, growth and rooting. Later, the clones were transferred to soil-peatmoss mixture were adapted to greenhouse conditions. For screening clones against rhizomania, the genotypes of adapted clones were selected and inoculated to rhizomania-infested soil. This experiment was in a randomized complete block design with three replicates (three inoculation times) in greenhouse. Adapted plants were transferred to the soil containing rhizomania virus. All infested soils were diluted 3 to 7 with sand. After two months, infested plants were examined by DAS-ELISA test also optical densities of the samples were analyzed by SAS program. Significant differences among genotypes and blocks were observed. Genotypes were classified to few groups (ranked from completely susceptible to completely resistant). The difference between blocks was because of difference of inoculation time temperature. Use of clones of each genotype caused an increase in selection accuracy of resistant genotypes. By use of this method, chance of escaping from inoculation factor decrease and researchers can determine to be resistance of plants with high level of confidence and apply in breeding programs.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture/methods ; Beta vulgaris/genetics ; Beta vulgaris/virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genotype ; Plant Diseases/virology ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Roots/growth & development ; Plant Roots/virology ; Plant Shoots/metabolism ; Plant Shoots/virology ; Plant Viruses/growth & development ; Temperature ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-09-10
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1028-8880
ISSN	1028-8880
DOI	10.3923/pjbs.2008.1610.1614
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Article ; Online: Screening of Sugar Beet Tissue Culture Clones for Resistance to Rhizomania Disease

Vahid Salari / Peyman Norouzi / Mansour Omidi / Reza Amiri / Iman Zandieh

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 12, Pp 1610-

2008 Volume 1614

Abstract	In this study, sugar beet tissue culture clones were used to screen rhizomania resistant genotypes. At first, explants derived from shoot tips of sugar beet seedlings were transferred to shoot tip elongation media after surface sterilization. Then, the grown shoots were transferred to media containing various hormonal combinations NAA, BA, IBA and GA 3 for multiplication, growth and rooting. Later, the clones were transferred to soil-peatmoss mixture were adapted to greenhouse conditions. For screening clones against rhizomania, the genotypes of adapted clones were selected and inoculated to rhizomania-infested soil. This experiment was in a randomized complete block design with three replicates (three inoculation times) in greenhouse. Adapted plants were transferred to the soil containing rhizomania virus. All infested soils were diluted 3 to 7 with sand. After two months, infested plants were examined by DAS-ELISA test also optical densities of the samples were analyzed by SAS program. Significant differences among genotypes and blocks were observed. Genotypes were classified to few groups (ranked from completely susceptible to completely resistant). The difference between blocks was because of difference of inoculation time temperature. Use of clones of each genotype caused an increase in selection accuracy of resistant genotypes. By use of this method, chance of escaping from inoculation factor decrease and researchers can determine to be resistance of plants with high level of confidence and apply in breeding programs.
Keywords	Sugar beet ; rhizomania ; tissue culture clone ; ELISA ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Asian Network for Scientific Information
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The use of endoscopic ultrasonography and other imaging modalities in the preoperative staging of rectal villous tumours: a case of overstaging by magnetic resonance imaging.

Buresi, Michelle C / Zandieh, Iman / Nagy, Alexander G / Spielmann, Audrey / Yee, William C / Weiss, Alan A / Yoshida, Eric M

Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie

2009 Volume 23, Issue 9, Page(s) 639–641

Abstract: A case of a 60-year-old man with recurrent rectal villous adenoma is described. Preoperative staging with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed very discordant results. EUS showed a tumour present in the mucosa with no ...

Abstract	A case of a 60-year-old man with recurrent rectal villous adenoma is described. Preoperative staging with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed very discordant results. EUS showed a tumour present in the mucosa with no submucosal invasion, while MRI revealed invasion of the muscularis propria consistent with an invasive stage T2 carcinoma. Based on the MRI findings, the patient underwent a low anterior resection of the tumour. The surgical pathology specimen revealed a villous adenoma with lowgrade dysplasia but no carcinoma and no extension into the muscularis propria. The present case highlights the uncertainty that currently exists as to which imaging modality provides the greatest accuracy in the staging of rectal cancer and in guiding the type of surgical procedure performed. Two recent meta-analyses and a systematic review of the literature point to EUS as the imaging modality of choice for determining muscularis propria and perirectal tissue invasion, as well as nodal involvement.
MeSH term(s)	Adenoma, Villous/diagnosis ; Adenoma, Villous/pathology ; Adenoma, Villous/surgery ; Colon, Sigmoid/pathology ; Colon, Sigmoid/surgery ; Colonoscopy ; Endosonography ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Rectum/pathology ; Rectum/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-09
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639439-5
ISSN	1916-7237 ; 0835-7900
ISSN (online)	1916-7237
ISSN	0835-7900
DOI	10.1155/2009/750979
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Article: Retinal vein thrombosis associated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

Zandieh, Iman / Adenwalla, Mohamed / Cheong-Lee, Cindy / Ma, Patrick E / Yoshida, Eric M

World journal of gastroenterology

2005 Volume 12, Issue 30, Page(s) 4908–4910

Abstract: An estimated 300 million people worldwide suffer from chronic hepatitis C with a prevalence of 0.8%-1.0% of the general population in Canada. An increasing pool of evidence exists supporting the use of pegylated- interferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin ... ...

Abstract	An estimated 300 million people worldwide suffer from chronic hepatitis C with a prevalence of 0.8%-1.0% of the general population in Canada. An increasing pool of evidence exists supporting the use of pegylated- interferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin combination therapy for hepatitis C. We report a 49-year old male of North American aboriginal descent with chronic hepatitis C (genotype 2b). Biopsy confirmed that he had cirrhosis with a 2-wk history of left eye pain and decreased visual acuity. He developed retinal vein thrombosis after 16 of 24 wk of pegIFN-alpha 2a and ribavirin combination therapy. He was urgently referred to a retinal specialist and diagnosed with non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion of the left eye. PegIFN and ribavirin combination therapy was discontinued and HCV RNA was undetectable after 16 wk of treatment. Hematologic investigations revealed that the patient was a factor V Leiden heterozygote with mildly decreased protein C activity. Our patient had a number of hypercoagulable risk factors, including factor V Leiden heterozygosity, cirrhosis, and hepatitis C that alone would have most likely remained clinically silent. We speculate that in the setting of pegIFN treatment, these risk factors may coalesce and cause the retinal vein thrombosis.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/adverse effects ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fibrosis/drug therapy ; Fibrosis/virology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Humans ; Indians, North American ; Interferon alpha-2 ; Interferon-alpha/adverse effects ; Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects ; Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; Retinal Vein Occlusion/chemically induced ; Retinal Vein Occlusion/pathology ; Ribavirin/adverse effects ; Ribavirin/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Interferon alpha-2 ; Interferon-alpha ; Recombinant Proteins ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; Ribavirin (49717AWG6K) ; peginterferon alfa-2a (Q46947FE7K)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2185929-2
ISSN	2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
ISSN (online)	2219-2840
ISSN	1007-9327
DOI	10.3748/wjg.v12.i30.4908
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Article: The use of budesonide in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in Canada.

Zandieh, Iman / Krygier, Darin / Wong, Victor / Howard, John / Worobetz, Lawrence / Minuk, Gerald / Witt-Sullivan, Helga / Yoshida, Eric M

Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie

2008 Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) 388–392

Abstract: Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is successfully treated with prednisone and/or azathioprine immunosuppressive therapy in 70% to 80% of patients. The remaining patients are intolerant or refractory to these ... ...

Abstract	Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is successfully treated with prednisone and/or azathioprine immunosuppressive therapy in 70% to 80% of patients. The remaining patients are intolerant or refractory to these standard medications. Budesonide, a synthetic glucocorticoid, undergoes a high degree of first-pass metabolism, reducing its systemic bioavailability, and has a 15-fold greater affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor than prednisolone. Budesonide may be a potentially useful systemic steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of AIH. Objective: To review the Canadian experience using budesonide to treat AIH. Methods: Patients with AIH currently or previously treated with budesonide were identified through the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver membership. Data were collected regarding their clinical and treatment history. Results: A total of nine patients were identified. All patients were female, with an average age of 39 years (range 12 to 66 years). The indications for budesonide were adverse side effects of prednisone in two patients, noncompliance with prednisone and azathioprine in one patient and intolerance to azathioprine resulting in prednisone dependence in the remaining six patients. Patients were treated in doses ranging from 9 mg daily to 3 mg every other day for 24 weeks to eight years. Seven of nine patients had a complete response, defined as sustained normalization of the aminotransferase levels. The remaining two patients were classified as nonresponders (less than a 50% reduction in pretreatment aminotransferase levels). Conclusions: In Canada, budesonide has been successfully used in seven of nine patients with autoimmune hepatitis who were either intolerant to prednisone and azathioprine or prednisone-dependent. No adverse effects were reported with budesonide. Budesonide is potentially a valuable treatment option for AIH patients refractory or intolerant to standard therapy, and is deserving of further study.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Budesonide/therapeutic use ; Canada ; Child ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune/blood ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune/drug therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; Budesonide (51333-22-3) ; Alanine Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-04-16
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639439-5
ISSN	1916-7237 ; 0835-7900
ISSN (online)	1916-7237
ISSN	0835-7900
DOI	10.1155/2008/509459
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Article: Acute management and secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding: a western Canadian survey.

Cheung, Justin / Wong, Winnie / Zandieh, Iman / Leung, Yvette / Lee, Samuel S / Ramji, Alnoor / Yoshida, Eric M

Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie

2006 Volume 20, Issue 8, Page(s) 531–534

Abstract: Background: Acute esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. Guidelines have been published in 1997; however, variability in the acute management and prevention of EVB rebleeding may ... ...

Abstract	Background: Acute esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. Guidelines have been published in 1997; however, variability in the acute management and prevention of EVB rebleeding may occur. Methods: Gastroenterologists in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan were sent a self-reporting questionnaire. Results: The response rate was 70.4% (86 of 122). Intravenous octreotide was recommended by 93% for EVB patients but the duration was variable. The preferred timing for endoscopy in suspected acute EVB was within 12 h in 75.6% of respondents and within 24 h in 24.6% of respondents. Most (52.3%) gastroenterologists do not routinely use antibiotic prophylaxis in acute EVB patients. The preferred duration of antibiotic therapy was less than three days (35.7%), three to seven days (44.6%), seven to 10 days (10.7%) and throughout hospitalization (8.9%). Methods of secondary prophylaxis included repeat endoscopic therapy (93%) and beta-blocker therapy (84.9%). Most gastroenterologists (80.2%) routinely attempted to titrate beta-blockers to a heart rate of 55 beats/min or a 25% reduction from baseline. The most common form of secondary prophylaxis was a combination of endoscopic and pharmacological therapy (70.9%). Conclusions: Variability exists in some areas of EVB treatment, especially in areas for which evidence was lacking at the time of the last guideline publication. Gastroenterologists varied in the use of prophylactic antibiotics for acute EVB. More gastroenterologists used combination secondary prophylaxis in the form of band ligation eradication and beta-blocker therapy rather than either treatment alone. Future guidelines may be needed to address these practice differences.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Canada ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/diagnosis ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/therapy ; Gastroenterology/statistics & numerical data ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy ; Guideline Adherence/trends ; Health Care Surveys ; Humans ; Octreotide/therapeutic use ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; Octreotide (RWM8CCW8GP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-09-05
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Practice Guideline ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639439-5
ISSN	1916-7237 ; 0835-7900
ISSN (online)	1916-7237
ISSN	0835-7900
DOI	10.1155/2006/203217
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