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Article ; Online: A cell's agony of choice: how to cross the Styx? : From morphological to molecular approaches to disclose its decision.

Bursch, Wilfried

Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)

2018 Volume 168, Issue 11-12, Page(s) 300–306

Abstract: The original "apoptosis-necrosis" concept was based on morphology and (patho)physiological conditions of the occurrence of cell death: (1) apoptosis, with nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation/fragmentation prominent, exclusion of autolysis, considered to ...

Title translation	Agonie der Wahl für die Zelle: auf welche Weise die letzte Fahrt antreten? : Von morphologischen zu molekularen Ansätzen zur Offenlegung der Entscheidung.
Abstract	The original "apoptosis-necrosis" concept was based on morphology and (patho)physiological conditions of the occurrence of cell death: (1) apoptosis, with nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation/fragmentation prominent, exclusion of autolysis, considered to result from coordinated self-destruction of a cell; (2) necrosis, with cell lysis prominent, caused by violent environmental perturbation leading to collapse of internal homeostasis. This suggestion initiated a controversial discussion within the scientific community and it soon became clear that the "apoptosis-necrosis dichotomy" was not generally applicable. Nowadays, there is sufficient evidence that cells may activate diverse suicide pathways, thereby allowing a flexible response to environmental changes, either physiological or pathological. The present paper commemorates electron microscopic and cytochemical studies on cell death of cultured human mammary carcinoma cells performed by Adi Ellinger, adding a significant contribution to recognize that autophagy can be involved in regulated cell death, thereby challenging the apoptosis-necrosis dichotomy still predominant in the 1990s.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Necrosis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Phagocytosis/physiology
Chemical Substances	Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins ; STYX protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-23
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123613-1
ISSN	1563-258X ; 0254-7945 ; 0043-5341
ISSN (online)	1563-258X
ISSN	0254-7945 ; 0043-5341
DOI	10.1007/s10354-018-0652-0
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Article: Multiple cell death programs: Charon's lifts to Hades.

Bursch, Wilfried

FEMS yeast research

2004 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 101–110

Abstract: Cells use different pathways for active self-destruction as reflected by different morphology: while in apoptosis (or "type I") nuclear fragmentation associated with cytoplasmic condensation but preservation of organelles is predominant, autophagic ... ...

Abstract	Cells use different pathways for active self-destruction as reflected by different morphology: while in apoptosis (or "type I") nuclear fragmentation associated with cytoplasmic condensation but preservation of organelles is predominant, autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic structures preceding nuclear collapse is a characteristic of a second type of programmed cell death (PCD). The diverse morphologies can be attributed--at least to some extent--to distinct biochemical and molecular events (e.g. caspase-dependent and -independent death programs; DAP-kinase activity, Ras-expression). However, apoptosis and autophagic PCD are not mutually exclusive phenomena. Rather, diverse PCD programs emerged during evolution, the conservation of which apparently allows cells a flexible response to environmental changes, either physiological or pathological.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis/physiology ; Autophagy/physiology ; Caspases/physiology ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Yeasts/physiology
Chemical Substances	Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2036775-2
ISSN	1567-1364 ; 1567-1356
ISSN (online)	1567-1364
ISSN	1567-1356
DOI	10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.07.006
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Article: Ableitung von Umweltqualitätsnormen für die chemische Qualität von Oberflächengewässern und Grundwasser

Bursch, Wilfried / Manfred Clara / Britta Grillitsch

Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft. 2013 June, v. 65, no. 5-6

2013

Abstract: Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for the chemical quality of surface water and groundwater define the concentration of a particular pollutant or group of pollutants in water, sediment or aquatic biota that should not be exceeded in order to protect ... ...

Title translation	Derivation of environmental quality standards for the chemical quality of surface waters and groundwater
Abstract	Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for the chemical quality of surface water and groundwater define the concentration of a particular pollutant or group of pollutants in water, sediment or aquatic biota that should not be exceeded in order to protect human health and the environment. Thus, EQS represent a class of environmental quality criteria important for meeting the requirements of the Environmental Quality Objectives defined in the national Austrian Water Management Plan. The list of the main pollutants as well as procedures for deriving the corresponding EQS values are defined in the legal regulatory framework at the community level (Water Framework Directive, Groundwater Directive, and Environmental Quality Standards Directive) and national level (Water Quality Objectives Acts). The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the integration of EQS as chemical quality elements within the framework of evaluating the status of surface water and groundwater as determined by its ecological status and its chemical status. Furthermore, an outline of the derivation of EQS based on physicochemical, human toxicity and ecotoxicity parameters is provided with particular consideration of metals, Endocrine Disrupters, quality assurance, and alternative methods.
Keywords	ecotoxicology ; endocrine-disrupting chemicals ; groundwater ; metals ; pollutants ; quality control ; sediments ; surface water ; toxicity ; water management ; water quality ; Austria
Language	German
Dates of publication	2013-06
Size	p. 170-177.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1186984-7
ISSN	1613-7566 ; 0945-358X
ISSN (online)	1613-7566
ISSN	0945-358X
DOI	10.1007/s00506-013-0074-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Online: Risikobewertung von Arzneimitteln in der aquatischen Umwelt

Bursch, Wilfried

2002

Abstract: Die Schutzziele der oekotoxikologischen Risikobewertung umfassen Mensch, Mikroorganismen, Pflanzen und Tiere aller Umweltkompartimente (Boden, Luft, Wasser, Sediment). Um die Gefaehrdung eines komplexen Oekosystems zu beurteilen, sind Kenntnisse ueber ... ...

Abstract	Die Schutzziele der oekotoxikologischen Risikobewertung umfassen Mensch, Mikroorganismen, Pflanzen und Tiere aller Umweltkompartimente (Boden, Luft, Wasser, Sediment). Um die Gefaehrdung eines komplexen Oekosystems zu beurteilen, sind Kenntnisse ueber die Wirkung von Chemikalien zumindest auf repraesentative Vertreter mehrerer trophischer Ebenen, d.h. Produzenten (z.B. Algen), Konsumenten (z.B. Daphnien) und Destruenten (z.B. Mikroorganismen) erforderlich und folgende Expositions- und Wirkungskriterien miteinander zu verknuepfen: Exposition: 'Predicted environmental concentration, (PEC)': Konzentration eines Schadstoffs in Umwelt, diese kann durch chemische Analyse und Bioindikation (Altstoffe) gemessen oder mittels Modellrechnungen (Neustoffe) aus Emissionsdaten errechnet werden, Wirkung: 'Predicted no-effect-concentration, (PNEC)': Konzentration eines potentiell giftigen Stoffes bei der mit keiner Schadwirkung zu rechnen ist. Der PNEC-Wert fuer eine Substanz ergibt sich durch Division akuter L(E)C50 und/oder chronischer (NOEC) Werte durch Sicherheitsfaktoren zwischen 10 und 1000 oder auf Basis statistischer Auswertung von Toxizitaets-Daten. Risikobeurteilung, Auf Basis des Quotienten PEC/PNEC wird das Umweltrisiko beurteilt, entscheidend ist ob der Quotient groesser oder kleiner als 1 ist: l. PEC/PNEC kleiner als l: kein Risiko fuer die Umwelt erkennbar, kein Handlungsbedarf;2. PEC/PNEC groesser als 1: Schaedigung der Umwelt zu erwarten, Risikomanagement erforderlich.
Keywords	Schutzziel ; Mensch ; Mikroorganismen ; Pflanze ; Tier ; Sediment ; Chemikalien ; Algen ; Daphnien ; Exposition ; Chemische Analyse ; Toxizitaet ; Risikoanalyse ; Biomonitoring ; Umweltgefaehrdung ; Aquatisches Oekosystem ; Arzneimittel ; Toxikologische Bewertung ; Oekotoxikologische Bewertung ; Schadstoffexposition ; Schadstoffabbau ; Steroid ; Schadstoffverhalten ; Abbaubarkeit ; Schadstoffquelle ; Adsorption ; Gewaesserbelastung ; Siedlungsabwasser ; Schadstoffwirkung ; Pharmakokinetik ; LC 50 ; EC-50 ; Bewertungskriterium ; Oekotoxizitaet ; Fischtoxizitaet ; Endokrines System ; Chlorkohlenwasserstoff ; Xenobiotika ; Umweltchemikalien
Language	German
Document type	Online
Database	OPAC and Environmental database (ULIDAT) of The Federal Environment Agency (UBA)

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Article: Autophagy--a basic mechanism and a potential role for neurodegeneration.

Bursch, Wilfried / Ellinger, Adolf

Folia neuropathologica

2005 Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 297–310

Abstract: Autophagy constitutes a fundamental survival strategy of cells; its disturbance contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer, liver and immune disease, pathogen infection, myopathies as well as neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic lateral ... ...

Abstract	Autophagy constitutes a fundamental survival strategy of cells; its disturbance contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer, liver and immune disease, pathogen infection, myopathies as well as neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson;s, Huntington;s and Alzheimer;s disease. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases also involves a gradual and progressive loss of neuronal cells. Cells may use different pathways for active self-destruction as reflected by different morphology: while in apoptosis (or "type I") nuclear fragmentation associated with cytoplasmic condensation but preservation of organelles is predominant, autophagic degradation of the cytoplasmic structures preceding nuclear collapse is a characteristic of a second type of programmed cell death (PCD). Linking autophagy to programmed cell death initiated a controversial discussion on how a suggested role of autophagy in cell suicide might meet with its established survival function. To some extent, the diverse morphologies can be associated with distinct biochemical and molecular events [caspase-dependent and -independent death programs, DAP-kinase activity, Ras-expression, induction of autophagy genes, fate of cytoskeleton, among others]. However, there is a broad overlap between cell death pathways. Conceivably, diverse PCD programs emerged during evolution, the conservation of which allows eukaryotic cells a flexible response to physiological or pathological demands.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autophagy/physiology ; Cell Death/physiology ; Humans ; Nerve Degeneration/metabolism ; Neurons/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2005
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1310363-5
ISSN	1509-572X ; 1641-4640 ; 0028-3894
ISSN (online)	1509-572X
ISSN	1641-4640 ; 0028-3894
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Zs.A 716: Show issues

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Article ; Online: 2-deprenyl-rheediaxanthone B isolated from Metaxya rostrata induces active cell death in colorectal tumor cells.

Kainz, Kerstin P / Krenn, Liselotte / Erdem, Zeynep / Kaehlig, Hanspeter / Zehl, Martin / Bursch, Wilfried / Berger, Walter / Marian, Brigitte

PloS one

2013 Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) e65745

Abstract: Metaxya rostrata C. Presl (Metaxyaceae) is a common tree fern in Central and South America that is used for the treatment of intestinal ulcers and tumours in ethnic medicine. Using a bioactivity-guided strategy 2-deprenyl-rheediaxanthone B (XB) has been ... ...

Abstract	Metaxya rostrata C. Presl (Metaxyaceae) is a common tree fern in Central and South America that is used for the treatment of intestinal ulcers and tumours in ethnic medicine. Using a bioactivity-guided strategy 2-deprenyl-rheediaxanthone B (XB) has been isolated as one of the active principles in this plant. XB induced loss of cell viability in colorectal cancer cell lines at IC50 concentrations of 11-23 µM. This was caused by both accumulation of cells in the G2- and S-phase as well as by induction of active cell death in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Cells exposed to XB were incapable of undergoing regular mitosis due to down-regulation of FoxM1 and absence of chromosome condensation. The apoptosis-related proteins Bcl2 and Bclxl were up-regulated so that Caspase 3 was not activated and classical apoptosis was not observed. However, XB triggered damage pathways down-stream of ATR and activated Caspase 2 causing cell death by a mechanism similar to mitotic catastrophe. Our observations are the first to show the cytotoxic activity of 2-deprenyl-rheediaxanthone B and indicate that XB is an interesting new lead compound for cancer therapy that merits further development.
MeSH term(s)	Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Caco-2 Cells ; Caspase 2/metabolism ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Ferns/chemistry ; HCT116 Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Plant Extracts ; Caspase 2 (EC 3.4.22.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0065745
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activates and determines hepatic zonal expression of glutathione S-transferases in mouse liver.

Giera, Stefanie / Braeuning, Albert / Köhle, Christoph / Bursch, Wilfried / Metzger, Ute / Buchmann, Albrecht / Schwarz, Michael

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

2010 Volume 115, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–33

Abstract: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an essential role in the elimination of xenobiotic-derived electrophilic metabolites and also catalyze certain steps in the conversion of endogenous molecules. Their expression is controlled by different ... ...

Abstract	Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an essential role in the elimination of xenobiotic-derived electrophilic metabolites and also catalyze certain steps in the conversion of endogenous molecules. Their expression is controlled by different transcription factors, such as the antioxidant-activated Nrf2 or the constitutive androstane receptor. Here, we show that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is also involved in the transcriptional regulation of GSTs: GSTm2, GSTm3, and GSTm6 are overexpressed in mouse hepatomas with activating Ctnnb1 (encoding beta-catenin) mutations and in transgenic hepatocytes expressing activated beta-catenin. Inversely, GSTm expression is reduced in mice with hepatocyte-specific knock out of Ctnnb1. Activation of beta-catenin-dependent signaling stimulates GSTm expression in vitro. Activation of beta-catenin in mouse hepatoma cells activates GSTm3 promoter-driven reporter activity, independently of beta-catenin/T-cell factor sites, via a retinoid X receptor-binding site. By contrast, GSTm expression is inhibited upon Ras activation in mouse liver tumors and transgenic hepatocytes. Recent studies by different groups have shown that beta-catenin-dependent signaling is involved in the transcriptional control of "perivenous" expression of various cytochrome P450s in mouse liver, whereas Ras signaling was hypothesized to antagonize the perivenous hepatocyte phenotype. In synopsis with our present results, it now appears that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway functions as a master regulator of the expression of both phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes in perivenous hepatocytes from mouse liver.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Glutathione Transferase/genetics ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/enzymology ; Hepatocytes/pathology ; Inactivation, Metabolic/genetics ; Isoenzymes ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Point Mutation ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Wnt1 Protein/genetics ; Wnt1 Protein/metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics ; beta Catenin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	CTNNB1 protein, mouse ; Isoenzymes ; Wnt1 Protein ; Wnt1 protein, mouse ; beta Catenin ; Glutathione Transferase (EC 2.5.1.18)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1420885-4
ISSN	1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
ISSN (online)	1096-0929
ISSN	1096-6080
DOI	10.1093/toxsci/kfq033
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Zs.A 1709: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Correction

Kerstin P. Kainz / Liselotte Krenn / Zeynep Erdem / Hanspeter Kaehlig / Martin Zehl / Wilfried Bursch / Walter Berger / Brigitte Marian

PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss

2-Deprenyl-Rheediaxanthone B Isolated from Induces Active Cell Death in Colorectal Tumor Cells.

2013 Volume 9

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Correction

Kerstin P. Kainz / Liselotte Krenn / Zeynep Erdem / Hanspeter Kaehlig / Martin Zehl / Wilfried Bursch / Walter Berger / Brigitte Marian

PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss

2-Deprenyl-Rheediaxanthone B Isolated from Metaxya rostrata Induces Active Cell Death in Colorectal Tumor Cells

2013 Volume 9

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Control of hepatocellular apoptosis by cytokines (TGF-β1), liver tumor promoter (phenobarbital) and nutritional factors (glucose)

Bursch Wilfried / Schulte-Hermann Rolf / Dornetshuber Julia / Karwan Anneliese

BMC Pharmacology, Vol 7, Iss Suppl 2, p A

approach to validate the hepatoma cell line HCC-1.2 as cell culture model

2007 Volume 63

Keywords	Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Therapeutics ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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