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Article ; Online: Lipid Peroxidation Products Influence Calpain-1 Functionality In Vitro by Covalent Binding.

Zhai, Chaoyu / Lonergan, Steven M / Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J / Johnson, Logan G / Brown, Kitty / Prenni, Jessica E / N Nair, Mahesh

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

2023 Volume 71, Issue 20, Page(s) 7836–7846

Abstract: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA), hexenal, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), on calpain-1 function, and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) ... ...

Abstract	The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA), hexenal, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), on calpain-1 function, and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identification of adducts on calpain-1. Calpain-1 activity slightly increased after incubation with 100 μM MDA but not with 500 and 1000 μM MDA. However, calpain-1 activity was lowered by hexenal and HNE at 100, 500, and 1000 μM. No difference in calpain-1 autolysis was observed between the control and 1000 μM MDA. However, 1000 μM hexenal and HNE treatments slowed the calpain-1 autolysis. Adducts of MDA were detected on glutamine, arginine, lysine, histidine, and asparagine residues via Schiff base formation, while HNE adducts were detected on histidine, lysine, glutamine, and asparagine residues via Michael addition. These results are the first to demonstrate that lipid peroxidation products can impact calpain-1 activity in a concentration-dependent manner and may impact the development of meat tenderness postmortem.
MeSH term(s)	Lipid Peroxidation ; Calpain/metabolism ; Lysine/chemistry ; Histidine/metabolism ; Glutamine/metabolism ; Asparagine/metabolism ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Hexobarbital ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Aldehydes/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Calpain (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6) ; Histidine (4QD397987E) ; Glutamine (0RH81L854J) ; Asparagine (7006-34-0) ; Hexobarbital (AL8Z8K3P6S) ; Aldehydes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241619-0
ISSN	1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
ISSN (online)	1520-5118
ISSN	0021-8561
DOI	10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01225
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Article ; Online: Characterizing the sarcoplasmic proteome of aged pork chops classified by purge loss.

Johnson, Logan G / Zhai, Chaoyu / Reever, Leah M / Prusa, Kenneth J / Nair, Mahesh N / Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth / Lonergan, Steven M

Journal of animal science

2023 Volume 101

Abstract: Unpredictable variation in quality, including fresh pork water-holding capacity, remains challenging to pork processors and customers. Defining the diverse factors that influence fresh pork water-holding capacity is necessary to make progress in refining ...

Abstract	Unpredictable variation in quality, including fresh pork water-holding capacity, remains challenging to pork processors and customers. Defining the diverse factors that influence fresh pork water-holding capacity is necessary to make progress in refining pork quality prediction methods. The objective was to utilize liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry coupled with tandem mass tag (TMT) multiplexing to evaluate the sarcoplasmic proteome of aged pork loins classified by purge loss. Fresh commercial pork loins were collected, aged 12 or 14 d postmortem, and pork quality and sensory attributes were evaluated. Chops were classified into Low (N = 27, average purge = 0.33%), Intermediate (N = 27, average purge = 0.72%), or High (N = 27, average purge = 1.19%) chop purge groups. Proteins soluble in a low-ionic strength buffer were extracted, digested with trypsin, labeled with 11-plex isobaric TMT reagents, and detected using a Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometer. Between the Low and High purge groups, 40 proteins were differentially (P < 0.05) abundant. The Low purge group had a greater abundance of proteins classified as structural and contractile, sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium regulating, chaperone, and citric acid cycle enzymes than the High purge group. The presence of myofibrillar proteins in the aged sarcoplasmic proteome is likely due to postmortem degradation. These observations support our hypothesis that pork chops with low purge have a greater abundance of structural proteins in the soluble protein fraction. Together, these and other proteins in the aged sarcoplasmic proteome may be biomarkers of pork water-holding capacity. Additional research should establish the utility of these proteins as biomarkers early postmortem and over subsequent aging periods.
MeSH term(s)	Swine ; Animals ; Pork Meat/analysis ; Red Meat/analysis ; Proteome ; Water
Chemical Substances	Proteome ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
DOI	10.1093/jas/skad046
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Zs.A 1312: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Distinct myofibrillar sub-proteomic profiles are associated with the instrumental texture of aged pork loin.

Johnson, Logan G / Zhai, Chaoyu / Steadham, Edward M / Reever, Leah M / Prusa, Kenneth J / Nair, Mahesh N / Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth / Lonergan, Steven M

Journal of animal science

2023 Volume 101

Abstract: Fresh pork tenderness contributes to consumer satisfaction with the eating experience. Postmortem proteolysis of proteins within and between myofibrils has been closely linked with pork tenderness development. A clear understanding of the molecular ... ...

Abstract	Fresh pork tenderness contributes to consumer satisfaction with the eating experience. Postmortem proteolysis of proteins within and between myofibrils has been closely linked with pork tenderness development. A clear understanding of the molecular features associated with pork tenderness development will provide additional targets and open the door to new solutions to improve and make pork tenderness development more consistent. Therefore, the objective was to utilize liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry with tandem mass tag (TMT) multiplexing to evaluate myofibrillar sub-proteome differences between pork chops of different instrumental star probe values. Pork loins (N = 120) were collected from a commercial harvest facility at 24 h postmortem. Quality and sensory attributes were evaluated at 24 h postmortem and after ~2 weeks of postmortem aging. Pork chops were grouped into 4 groups based on instrumental star probe value (group A,x¯ = 4.23 kg, 3.43 to 4.55 kg; group B,x¯ = 4.79 kg, 4.66 to 5.00 kg; group C,x¯ = 5.43 kg, 5.20 to 5.64 kg; group D,x¯ = 6.21 kg, 5.70 to 7.41 kg; n = 25 per group). Myofibrillar proteins from the samples aged ~2 wk were fractionated, washed, and solubilized in 8.3 M urea, 2 M thiourea, and 1% dithiothreitol. Proteins were digested with trypsin, labeled with 11-plex isobaric TMT reagents, and identified and quantified using a Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometer. Between groups A and D, 54 protein groups were differentially abundant (adjusted P < 0.05). Group A had a greater abundance of proteins related to the thick and thin filament and a lesser abundance of Z-line-associated proteins and metabolic enzymes than group D chops. These data highlight that distinct myofibrillar sub-proteomes are associated with pork chops of different tenderness values. Future research should evaluate changes immediately and earlier postmortem to further elucidate myofibrillar sub-proteome differences over the postmortem aging period.
MeSH term(s)	Swine ; Animals ; Pork Meat/analysis ; Red Meat/analysis ; Proteome ; Proteomics ; Cooking/methods ; Meat/analysis
Chemical Substances	Proteome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
DOI	10.1093/jas/skad327
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Article ; Online: Dose- and time-dependent effects of interferon tau on bovine endometrial gene expression.

Talukder, A K / Rabaglino, M B / Browne, J A / Charpigny, G / Lonergan, P

Theriogenology

2023 Volume 211, Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Failure by the developing conceptus to secrete sufficient interferon tau (IFNT), required for maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP), at the appropriate time is related to early pregnancy loss in cattle. We aimed to test the hypothesis that there is a ... ...

Abstract	Failure by the developing conceptus to secrete sufficient interferon tau (IFNT), required for maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP), at the appropriate time is related to early pregnancy loss in cattle. We aimed to test the hypothesis that there is a dose- and time-dependent relationship between IFNT and the endometrial expression of key interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) involved in the signalling cascade leading to MRP in cattle. Candidate genes were identified first through a bioinformatic approach, where integrated transcriptomic data from two previous studies were analyzed to identify endometrial genes induced by IFNT. Next, expression of selected candidate genes was investigated in vitro in endometrial explants. Endometrial explants collected from cows (n = 8) in the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle were cultured in medium without (control) or with recombinant ovine IFNT (1, 10, 100 ng/mL) for 6 h. Simultaneously, endometrial explants were cultured in medium containing 100 ng/mL IFNT for different time periods (15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h). Gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. We identified 54 endometrial genes responding to IFNT and to some degree to the conceptus, from which five ISGs (CMPK2, BPNT1, IFI35, TNFSF10 and TRIM38) were further selected for the dose- and time-dependent experiments. Classical ISGs (ISG15, OAS1, MX1 and MX2) were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in endometrium by 1 ng/mL IFNT. However, other selected ISGs (CMPK2, BPNT1, IFI35, TNFSF10 and TRIM38) were induced only by higher concentrations (10 and 100 ng/mL) of IFNT (P < 0.05). In terms of duration of exposure, IFNT at 100 ng/mL induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in ISG15 and CMPK2 expression after 1 h incubation, while all other studied ISGs in the endometrium were upregulated when cultured for 3 or 6 h, but did not affect expression when the duration of culture was for 1 h or less. These results suggest that IFNT acts on the uterus in both a dose- and time-dependent manner in cattle and that timely exposure of the endometrium to sufficient IFNT is essential for appropriate signalling to ensure successful pregnancy establishment.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Sheep ; Abortion, Veterinary ; Interferon Type I/genetics ; Interferon Type I/pharmacology ; Interferon Type I/metabolism ; Endometrium/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Cattle Diseases/metabolism ; Sheep Diseases
Chemical Substances	interferon tau ; Interferon Type I
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189232-0
ISSN	1879-3231 ; 0093-691X
ISSN (online)	1879-3231
ISSN	0093-691X
DOI	10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.033
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Article ; Online: Early postmortem muscle proteome and metabolome of beef longissimus thoracis muscle classified by pH at 6 hours postmortem.

Schulte, Matthew D / Hochmuth, Katherine G / Steadham, Edward M / Lonergan, Steven M / Hansen, Stephanie L / Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J

Journal of proteomics

2022 Volume 271, Page(s) 104756

Abstract: The objective was to identify metabolome and proteome differences at 1 h and 1 d postmortem between longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle classified based on 6 h pH values. Twenty beef LT rib sections were sorted based on 6 h postmortem pH values into low ( ... ...

Abstract	The objective was to identify metabolome and proteome differences at 1 h and 1 d postmortem between longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle classified based on 6 h pH values. Twenty beef LT rib sections were sorted based on 6 h postmortem pH values into low (LpH; pH < 5.55; n = 9) and high (HpH; pH > 5.84; n = 8) pH classifications. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), desmin degradation, and calpain-1 autolysis were measured. Two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (3-10, 4-7, and 6-9 pH range) and Tandem mass tagging (TMT) protein analyses were employed to determine how the sarcoplasmic protein profile varied across pH classification. Non-targeted metabolomic analyses were conducted on extracts prepared at 1 h and 1 d postmortem. The LpH classification had a lower WBSF value at 1 d postmortem, which was explained by greater calpain-1 autolysis and desmin degradation at 1 d postmortem. Proteome and metabolome analysis revealed a phenotype that promotes more rapid energy metabolism in the LpH group. Proteome and metabolome analyses identified energy production, apoptotic, calcium homeostasis, and proteasome systems influencing pH classifications that could explain the observed pH, proteolysis, and beef tenderness differences. SIGNIFICANCE: This study is the first to identify proteomic and metabolomic variations early (1 h and 1 day) postmortem that are linked to differences in early (6 h) postmortem pH values and to tenderness differences at 1 day postmortem. This study integrates postmortem biochemical features (protein degradation, proteome, and metabolome variations) to postmortem pH decline and eating quality of beef steaks. Potential biomarkers of more rapid postmortem metabolism linked to earlier tenderization in beef are suggested. Identification of these biochemical features will assist in predicting the eating quality of beef products.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Meat/analysis ; Calpain ; Desmin/metabolism ; Postmortem Changes ; Proteome/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Muscles/metabolism ; Paraspinal Muscles ; Metabolome ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Chemical Substances	Calpain (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Desmin ; Proteome
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2400835-7
ISSN	1876-7737 ; 1874-3919
ISSN (online)	1876-7737
ISSN	1874-3919
DOI	10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104756
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Article: Murine typhus.

Lonergan, Seamus / Ganesan, Gowtham / Titus, Stephen J / Ahmed, Kashif Waqiee

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)

2022 Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 663–664

Abstract: Murine typhus is a rare condition caused by the gram-negative ... ...

Abstract	Murine typhus is a rare condition caused by the gram-negative bacterium
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2703932-8
ISSN	1525-3252 ; 0899-8280
ISSN (online)	1525-3252
ISSN	0899-8280
DOI	10.1080/08998280.2022.2078640
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Zs.A 6987: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Dose- and time-dependent effects of interferon tau on bovine endometrial gene expression

Talukder, A.K. / Rabaglino, M.B. / Browne, J.A. / Charpigny, G. / Lonergan, P.

Theriogenology. 2023 Nov., v. 211 p.1-10

2023

Abstract	Failure by the developing conceptus to secrete sufficient interferon tau (IFNT), required for maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP), at the appropriate time is related to early pregnancy loss in cattle. We aimed to test the hypothesis that there is a dose- and time-dependent relationship between IFNT and the endometrial expression of key interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) involved in the signalling cascade leading to MRP in cattle. Candidate genes were identified first through a bioinformatic approach, where integrated transcriptomic data from two previous studies were analyzed to identify endometrial genes induced by IFNT. Next, expression of selected candidate genes was investigated in vitro in endometrial explants. Endometrial explants collected from cows (n = 8) in the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle were cultured in medium without (control) or with recombinant ovine IFNT (1, 10, 100 ng/mL) for 6 h. Simultaneously, endometrial explants were cultured in medium containing 100 ng/mL IFNT for different time periods (15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h). Gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. We identified 54 endometrial genes responding to IFNT and to some degree to the conceptus, from which five ISGs (CMPK2, BPNT1, IFI35, TNFSF10 and TRIM38) were further selected for the dose- and time-dependent experiments. Classical ISGs (ISG15, OAS1, MX1 and MX2) were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in endometrium by 1 ng/mL IFNT. However, other selected ISGs (CMPK2, BPNT1, IFI35, TNFSF10 and TRIM38) were induced only by higher concentrations (10 and 100 ng/mL) of IFNT (P < 0.05). In terms of duration of exposure, IFNT at 100 ng/mL induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in ISG15 and CMPK2 expression after 1 h incubation, while all other studied ISGs in the endometrium were upregulated when cultured for 3 or 6 h, but did not affect expression when the duration of culture was for 1 h or less. These results suggest that IFNT acts on the uterus in both a dose- and time-dependent manner in cattle and that timely exposure of the endometrium to sufficient IFNT is essential for appropriate signalling to ensure successful pregnancy establishment.
Keywords	bioinformatics ; cattle ; conceptus ; endometrium ; estrous cycle ; gene expression ; interferons ; menstrual cycle ; pregnancy ; sheep ; transcriptomics ; Explant ; Interferon tau ; Bovine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-11
Size	p. 1-10.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	189232-0
ISSN	1879-3231 ; 0093-691X
ISSN (online)	1879-3231
ISSN	0093-691X
DOI	10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.033
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The effect of preoperative membranous urethral length on likelihood of postoperative urinary incontinence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Greenberg, Scott A / Cowan, Janet E / Lonergan, Peter E / Washington, Samuel L / Nguyen, Hao G / Zagoria, Ronald J / Carroll, Peter R

Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases

2022 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 344–350

Abstract: Background: Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy affects many men. In addition to surgical and patient factors, longer preoperative membranous urethral length (MUL) has been suggested to be associated with improved postoperative urinary ... ...

Abstract	Background: Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy affects many men. In addition to surgical and patient factors, longer preoperative membranous urethral length (MUL) has been suggested to be associated with improved postoperative urinary continence outcomes. Here, we assess the association of preoperative MUL and the risk of persistent postoperative urinary incontinence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer on extended follow-up. Methods: All participants underwent RARP at the University of California, San Francisco between 2000-2018. Patients were excluded if preoperative MRI-measured MUL was not performed by a radiologist. A single, blinded urologist remeasured MUL retrospectively. Logistic regression models examined associations between radiologist- and urologist-measured MUL and likelihood of persistent incontinence post-RARP by two definitions: strict incontinence (>0 pad/day) and social incontinence (>1 pad/day). Results: In 251 men with a median follow-up of 42 months (IQR 29-76), the median MUL measurements were 14 mm ([IQR 12-17], radiologist) and 15 mm ([IQR 12-18], urologist) with poor agreement (interclass correlation coefficient 0.34). On logistic regression, urologist-measured longer MUL was associated with lower likelihood of strict incontinence within 6 months (odds ratio [OR] 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81-0.94) and 12 months (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.82-0.98) and social incontinence within 6 months (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.86-1.00) and 12 months (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.95). Radiologist-measured longer MUL was associated with lower likelihood of strict incontinence within 6 months (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-1.00) and social within 12 months (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77-1.00). MUL was not associated with likelihood of strict or social incontinence within 24 months. Conclusion: Preoperative MRI-measured MUL was not associated with urinary incontinence after 12 months post-RARP. Poor agreement between radiologists' and urologist's measurements supports standardizing MUL measurements to establish the likelihood of early incontinence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Prostatectomy/adverse effects ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Robotics ; Urinary Incontinence/diagnosis ; Urinary Incontinence/epidemiology ; Urinary Incontinence/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1419277-9
ISSN	1476-5608 ; 1365-7852
ISSN (online)	1476-5608
ISSN	1365-7852
DOI	10.1038/s41391-022-00527-4
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Article ; Online: Impact of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines on HIV persistence and immune dynamics during suppressive antiretroviral therapy.

Gianella, Sara / Anderson, Christy / Chaillon, Antoine / Wells, Alan / Porrachia, Magali / Caballero, Gemma / Vargas, Milenka / Lonergan, Joseph / Woodworth, Brendon / Gaitan, Noah / Rawlings, Stephen A / Muttera, Leticia / Harkness, Liliana / Little, Susan J / May, Susanne / Smith, Davey

AIDS (London, England)

2024

Abstract: Objective: :We sought to determine if standard influenza and pneumococcal vaccines can be used to stimulate HIV reservoirs during antiretroviral therapy (ART).: Design: :Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: :We sought to determine if standard influenza and pneumococcal vaccines can be used to stimulate HIV reservoirs during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: :Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of two clinically recommended vaccines (influenza and pneumococcal). Methods: :Persons with HIV on ART (N = 54) were enrolled in the clinical trial. Blood was collected at baseline and days 2,4,7,14 and 30 postimmunizations. Levels of cellular HIV RNA and HIV DNA were measured by ddPCR. Expression of immunological markers on T cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Changes in unspliced cellular HIV RNA from baseline to day 7 postinjection between each vaccine and placebo was the primary outcome. Results: :Forty-seven participants completed at least one cycle and there were no serious adverse events related to the intervention. We observed no significant differences in the change in cellular HIV RNA after either vaccine compared to placebo at any timepoint. In secondary analyses we observed a transient increase in total HIV DNA levels after influenza vaccine, as well as increased T cell activation and exhaustion on CD4+ T cells after pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusions: :Clinically recommended vaccines were safe but did not appear to stimulate the immune system strongly enough to elicit significantly noticeable HIV RNA transcription during ART.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02707692.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639076-6
ISSN	1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
ISSN (online)	1473-5571
ISSN	0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
DOI	10.1097/QAD.0000000000003882
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Article ; Online: Bioeconomics of sexed semen utilization in a high-producing Holstein-Friesian dairy herd.

Cottle, D J / Wallace, M / Lonergan, P / Fahey, A G

Journal of dairy science

2018 Volume 101, Issue 5, Page(s) 4498–4512

Abstract: A bioeconomic, stochastic spreadsheet model, that included calculation of the net present value of the additional value of all future descendants resulting from increased selection intensity, was developed to study the profitability of using sexed semen ... ...

Abstract	A bioeconomic, stochastic spreadsheet model, that included calculation of the net present value of the additional value of all future descendants resulting from increased selection intensity, was developed to study the profitability of using sexed semen in a high input-high output dairy herd. Three management strategies were modeled: (1) only heifers inseminated with sex-sorted semen and cows inseminated with unsorted semen; (2) both heifers and cows inseminated with sex-sorted semen; and (3) a reference scenario, in which all breeding females were inseminated with unsorted semen. A Monte Carlo simulation (@risk software, Palisade Corp., Ithaca, NY) was run to study the sensitivity of net profit and sexed semen advantage to key input parameters. Most input parameters were given truncated normal distributions, whereas the maximum numbers of inseminations in heifers and cows were given discrete distribution functions. The calculated intensity of selection accounted for the different numbers of dairy females born for each of the 100,000 iterations. Using sexed semen (X-sorted, female) was shown to be profitable, with insemination of both heifers and cows being most profitable. The returns on assets were higher when only heifers were inseminated with sexed semen (8.54% ± 2.94; ±SD) or all females were inseminated with sexed semen (8.85% ± 2.93) than when all females were inseminated with unsexed semen (8.38% ± 2.95). The range in net profit was most sensitive to the assumed distributions of milk protein price (€/kg), milk fat price (€/kg), cow pregnancy rate, fertilizer price (€/t), and concentrate price (€/t) when unsorted semen was used. When only heifers or both heifers and cows were inseminated with sex-sorted semen, the range in net profit was most sensitive to the same distributions, with fertilizer price and cow pregnancy rate in reverse order of sensitivity. However, the range in sex-sorted semen advantage (in net profit) when only heifers were inseminated with sex-sorted semen was most sensitive to the assumed distributions of cow pregnancy rate, sex-sorted semen pregnancy rate as a percent of unsorted semen rates, standard deviation of index, additional cost of sex-sorted semen (€/dose), dairy bull calf price (€/head), and dairy heifer calf price (€/head). When both heifers and cows were inseminated, the order of importance of the last 2 inputs was reversed. This study highlights the relatively high effect of pregnancy rate and the genetic value of dairy bulls in determining the level of financial advantage from using sex-sorted semen in a dairy herd.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Breeding/economics ; Breeding/methods ; Cattle/genetics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Dairying/economics ; Dairying/methods ; Female ; Insemination, Artificial/veterinary ; Lactation/genetics ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Selection, Genetic ; Semen ; Sex Determination Analysis/veterinary ; Sex Preselection/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2017-13172
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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