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Article ; Online: Dietary acrylamide exposure in F344 rats and colon tumor-bearing nude

Roberts, Jennifer / Mehta, Rekha / Curran, Ivan / Raju, Jayadev

2019 Volume 27, Page(s) 104763

Abstract: Dietary acrylamide, a thermally induced food contaminant, at a level (2 mg/kg diet) typifying higher occurrence in certain food products - is neither an independent carcinogen nor a tumor promoter in the colon. This is evidenced by our previous studies ... ...

Abstract	Dietary acrylamide, a thermally induced food contaminant, at a level (2 mg/kg diet) typifying higher occurrence in certain food products - is neither an independent carcinogen nor a tumor promoter in the colon. This is evidenced by our previous studies using the medium-term azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorigenesis assay in F344 rats and the human colon tumor xenograft model in athymic nude (
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
ISSN (online)	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2019.104763
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Dietary acrylamide exposure in F344 rats and colon tumor-bearing nude nu/nu mice

Jennifer Roberts / Rekha Mehta / Ivan Curran / Jayadev Raju

Data in Brief, Vol 27, Iss , Pp - (2019)

Dataset of gene expression of cancer pathway targets and methylation status of tumor suppressor genes in colon mucosae and tumors

2019

Abstract	Dietary acrylamide, a thermally induced food contaminant, at a level (2 mg/kg diet) typifying higher occurrence in certain food products - is neither an independent carcinogen nor a tumor promoter in the colon. This is evidenced by our previous studies using the medium-term azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorigenesis assay in F344 rats and the human colon tumor xenograft model in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073916) [1]. In addition, we found that acrylamide may act as a colon co-carcinogen in association with a known carcinogen (AOM) in F344 rats. Furthermore, exposure to acrylamide at 2 mg/kg in the diet was not associated with any toxicologically relevant changes in clinical biochemistry, hematology, and apical endpoints in healthy rats (exposed only to saline injections) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.08.010) [2]. Here we report data from our previous investigation [1] on gene expression of cancer pathway targets as well as the methylation status of select tumor suppressor genes. Briefly, mRNA and DNA were extracted from (a) colon mucosae and tumors from F344 rats exposed to AOM or saline and (b) athymic nude (nu/nu) mice bearing human colon tumor xenografts, both exposed to dietary acrylamide at concentrations of 0 or 2 mg/kg diet for 20 and 4 weeks, respectively. RT2 Profiler PCR Cancer PathwayFinder Arrays (Qiagen) and EpiTect Methyl II DNA Restriction kits and PCR Assays (Qiagen) were used to detect cancer-relevant gene expression (84 genes representing 9 pathways) and the methylation status of the CpG islands associated with 22 tumor suppressor genes in colon mucosae, tumors and xenografts. Additionally, RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays (Qiagen) for cell cycle regulation, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and receptors, and inflammatory response and autoimmunity were used to investigate the gene expression (84 genes in each array) of targets involved in these select cellular pathways in the colon mucosae from AOM-treated F344 rats. Keywords: Acrylamide, Cancer ...
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Azoxymethane-induced rat aberrant crypt foci

Jayadev Raju

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol 14, Iss 43, Pp 6632-

Relevance in studying chemoprevention of colon cancer

2008 Volume 6635

Abstract: The pathogenesis of colon cancer involves sequential and multistep progression of epithelial cells initiated to a cancerous state with defined precancerous intermediaries. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) represent the earliest identifiable intermediate ... ...

Abstract	The pathogenesis of colon cancer involves sequential and multistep progression of epithelial cells initiated to a cancerous state with defined precancerous intermediaries. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) represent the earliest identifiable intermediate precancerous lesions during colon carcinogenesis in both laboratory animals and humans. ACF are easily induced by colon-specific carcinogens in rodents and can be used to learn more about the process of colon carcinogenesis. For over two decades, since its first discovery, azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rodent ACF have served as surrogate biomarkers in the screening of various anticarcinogens and carcinogens. Several dietary constituents and phytochemicals have been tested for their colon cancer chemopreventive efficacy using the ACF system. There has been substantial effort in defining and refining ACF in terms of understanding their molecular make-up, and extensive research in this field is currently in progress. In chemoprevention studies, AOM-induced rat ACF have been very successful as biomarkers, and have provided several standardized analyses of data. There have been several studies that have reported that ACF data do not correlate to actual colon tumor outcome, however, and hence there has been an ambiguity about their role as biomarkers. The scope of this mini-review is to provide valuable insights and limitations of AOM-induced rat ACF as biomarkers in colon cancer chemoprevention studies. The role of the dynamics and biological heterogeneity of ACF is critical in understanding them as biomarkers in chemoprevention studies.
Keywords	Aberrant crypt foci ; Azoxymethane ; Biological markers ; Carcinogenesis ; Chemoprevention ; Colon cancer ; Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ; RC799-869 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Gastroenterology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Co. Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Azoxymethane-induced rat aberrant crypt foci: relevance in studying chemoprevention of colon cancer.

Raju, Jayadev

World journal of gastroenterology

2008 Volume 14, Issue 43, Page(s) 6632–6635

Abstract	The pathogenesis of colon cancer involves sequential and multistep progression of epithelial cells initiated to a cancerous state with defined precancerous intermediaries. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) represent the earliest identifiable intermediate precancerous lesions during colon carcinogenesis in both laboratory animals and humans. ACF are easily induced by colon-specific carcinogens in rodents and can be used to learn more about the process of colon carcinogenesis. For over two decades, since its first discovery, azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rodent ACF have served as surrogate biomarkers in the screening of various anticarcinogens and carcinogens. Several dietary constituents and phytochemicals have been tested for their colon cancer chemopreventive efficacy using the ACF system. There has been substantial effort in defining and refining ACF in terms of understanding their molecular make-up, and extensive research in this field is currently in progress. In chemoprevention studies, AOM-induced rat ACF have been very successful as biomarkers, and have provided several standardized analyses of data. There have been several studies that have reported that ACF data do not correlate to actual colon tumor outcome, however, and hence there has been an ambiguity about their role as biomarkers. The scope of this mini-review is to provide valuable insights and limitations of AOM-induced rat ACF as biomarkers in colon cancer chemoprevention studies. The role of the dynamics and biological heterogeneity of ACF is critical in understanding them as biomarkers in chemoprevention studies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Azoxymethane/adverse effects ; Azoxymethane/pharmacology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinogens/pharmacology ; Chemoprevention/methods ; Colon/drug effects ; Colon/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced ; Precancerous Conditions/pathology ; Rats
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinogens ; Azoxymethane (MO0N1J0SEN)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-11-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2185929-2
ISSN	2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
ISSN (online)	2219-2840
ISSN	1007-9327
DOI	10.3748/wjg.14.6632
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Article: Dietary acrylamide exposure in F344 rats and colon tumor-bearing nude nu/nu mice: Dataset of gene expression of cancer pathway targets and methylation status of tumor suppressor genes in colon mucosae and tumors

Roberts, Jennifer / Mehta, Rekha / Curran, Ivan / Raju, Jayadev

Data in Brief. 2019 Dec., v. 27

2019

Abstract	Dietary acrylamide, a thermally induced food contaminant, at a level (2 mg/kg diet) typifying higher occurrence in certain food products - is neither an independent carcinogen nor a tumor promoter in the colon. This is evidenced by our previous studies using the medium-term azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorigenesis assay in F344 rats and the human colon tumor xenograft model in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073916) [1]. In addition, we found that acrylamide may act as a colon co-carcinogen in association with a known carcinogen (AOM) in F344 rats. Furthermore, exposure to acrylamide at 2 mg/kg in the diet was not associated with any toxicologically relevant changes in clinical biochemistry, hematology, and apical endpoints in healthy rats (exposed only to saline injections) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.08.010) [2]. Here we report data from our previous investigation [1] on gene expression of cancer pathway targets as well as the methylation status of select tumor suppressor genes. Briefly, mRNA and DNA were extracted from (a) colon mucosae and tumors from F344 rats exposed to AOM or saline and (b) athymic nude (nu/nu) mice bearing human colon tumor xenografts, both exposed to dietary acrylamide at concentrations of 0 or 2 mg/kg diet for 20 and 4 weeks, respectively. RT² Profiler PCR Cancer PathwayFinder Arrays (Qiagen) and EpiTect Methyl II DNA Restriction kits and PCR Assays (Qiagen) were used to detect cancer-relevant gene expression (84 genes representing 9 pathways) and the methylation status of the CpG islands associated with 22 tumor suppressor genes in colon mucosae, tumors and xenografts. Additionally, RT² Profiler PCR Arrays (Qiagen) for cell cycle regulation, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and receptors, and inflammatory response and autoimmunity were used to investigate the gene expression (84 genes in each array) of targets involved in these select cellular pathways in the colon mucosae from AOM-treated F344 rats.
Keywords	DNA ; acrylamides ; autoimmunity ; azoxymethane ; carcinogenesis ; carcinogens ; cell cycle ; colon ; colorectal neoplasms ; cytokines ; data collection ; diet ; food contamination ; gene expression ; hematology ; humans ; inflammation ; methylation ; models ; mucosa ; xenotransplantation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2019.104763
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Fructooligosaccharides and wheat bran fed at similar fermentation levels differentially affect the expression of genes involved in transport, signaling, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and oncogenesis in the colon epithelia of healthy Fischer 344 rats.

Chen, Qixuan / Swist, Eleonora / Kafenzakis, Morgan / Raju, Jayadev / Brooks, Stephen P J / Scoggan, Kylie A

Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)

2019 Volume 69, Page(s) 101–113

Abstract: The influence of the source of fermentable material (FM) on the luminal concentrations of their end products and its effects on colon cell metabolism and disease susceptibility is not well characterized. We hypothesized that total fermentation but not ... ...

Abstract	The influence of the source of fermentable material (FM) on the luminal concentrations of their end products and its effects on colon cell metabolism and disease susceptibility is not well characterized. We hypothesized that total fermentation but not the source (type) of FM would be the main factor in determining cellular /molecular outcomes in the healthy colon epithelia. The main aim of this study was to elucidate the role of two different sources of FM, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and wheat bran (WB), on the expression of genes involved in short chain fatty acid (SCFA) transport, G-protein signaling, apoptosis, cell proliferation and oncogenesis in colon epithelia of healthy rats. Male Fischer 344 rats (n = 10/group) were fed AIN-93G control (0% FM) or experimental diets containing WB (~1%, 2%, or 5% FM) or FOS (~2%, 5%, or 8% FM). Rats were killed after 6 weeks and the colon mucosa was assessed for the expression of target genes using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. By comparison to the control, dose-related changes of mRNA levels were found in rats fed FOS-based diets, including: (a) upregulation of three SCFA transporters (Smct2, Mct1 and Mct4) but downregulation of Mct2, (b) upregulation of Gpr109a and downregulation of Gpr120, Gpr43, Gprc5a, Rgs2 and Rgs16, (c) upregulation of apoptosis-related genes including Bcl2, Bcl2-like 1, Bak1, Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Caspase 9, (d) downregulation of the oncogenes and metastasis genes Ros1, Fos, Cd44, Fn1 and Plau, and (e) downregulation of several genes involved in cellular proliferation including Hbegf, Hoxb13, Cgref1, Wfdc1, Tgm3, Fgf7, Nov and Lumican. In contrast, rats fed WB-based diets resulted in dose-related upregulation of mRNA levels of Smct2, Rgs16, Gprc5a, Gpr109a, Bcl2-like 1, Caspase 8, and Fos. Additionally, different gene expression responses were observed in rats fed FOS and WB at 2% and 5% FM. Over all, these gene changes elicited by FOS and WB were independent of the expression of the tumor suppressor Tp53. These results suggest that fermentation alone is not the sole determinant of gene responses in the healthy rat colon.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Carcinogenesis/drug effects ; Carcinogenesis/genetics ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Colon/drug effects ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fiber/pharmacology ; Fermentation ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Gene Expression/genetics ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Oligosaccharides/administration & dosage ; Oligosaccharides/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Reference Values ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Signal Transduction/genetics
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fiber ; Oligosaccharides ; fructooligosaccharide
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	582432-1
ISSN	1879-0739 ; 0271-5317
ISSN (online)	1879-0739
ISSN	0271-5317
DOI	10.1016/j.nutres.2019.07.006
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Article: Dietary acrylamide exposure in male F344 rats: Dataset of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation markers.

Jin, Xiaolei / Coughlan, Melanie / Roberts, Jennifer / Mehta, Rekha / Raju, Jayadev

Data in brief

2016 Volume 7, Page(s) 460–467

Abstract: We previously reported that dietary acrylamide, at doses (10 and 50 mg/kg diet) known to cause rodent tumors, lowered serum total high density lipoprotein and total testosterone, increased serum lipase, and lowered lymphocytes levels together with other ... ...

Abstract	We previously reported that dietary acrylamide, at doses (10 and 50 mg/kg diet) known to cause rodent tumors, lowered serum total high density lipoprotein and total testosterone, increased serum lipase, and lowered lymphocytes levels together with other hematological parameters in male F344 rats exposed for 10 weeks (doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.009 [1]). Here we present data related to the role of food-borne acrylamide exposure (at 0, 5, 10 and 50 mg/kg diet) in the presence of low (7% wt/wt) or high (23.9% wt/wt) dietary fat on serum and urinary markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in F344 rats. Briefly, urine and serum samples were collected from the experimental animals a day prior to or at the time of necropsy, respectively and processed for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay estimations of biochemical markers. Urine samples were analyzed for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and isoprostane, and serum samples for total antioxidant capacity, paraoxonase 1 activity, c-reactive protein, homocysteine, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, thromboxin 2, and Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2016.02.024
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Article ; Online: Dietary acrylamide exposure in male F344 rats

Xiaolei Jin / Melanie Coughlan / Jennifer Roberts / Rekha Mehta / Jayadev Raju

Data in Brief, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 460-

Dataset of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation markers

2016 Volume 467

Abstract	We previously reported that dietary acrylamide, at doses (10 and 50 mg/kg diet) known to cause rodent tumors, lowered serum total high density lipoprotein and total testosterone, increased serum lipase, and lowered lymphocytes levels together with other hematological parameters in male F344 rats exposed for 10 weeks (doi:10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.009 [1]). Here we present data related to the role of food-borne acrylamide exposure (at 0, 5, 10 and 50 mg/kg diet) in the presence of low (7% wt/wt) or high (23.9% wt/wt) dietary fat on serum and urinary markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in F344 rats. Briefly, urine and serum samples were collected from the experimental animals a day prior to or at the time of necropsy, respectively and processed for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay estimations of biochemical markers. Urine samples were analyzed for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and isoprostane, and serum samples for total antioxidant capacity, paraoxonase 1 activity, c-reactive protein, homocysteine, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, thromboxin 2, and Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine. Keywords: Acrylamide, Food safety, Systemic toxicity, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine, Isoprostane, Total antioxidant capacity, Paraoxonase 1, C-reactive protein, Homocysteine, Oxidized low-density lipoprotein, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1, Thromboxin 2, Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Fructooligosaccharides and wheat bran fed at similar fermentation levels differentially affect the expression of genes involved in transport, signaling, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and oncogenesis in the colon epithelia of healthy Fischer 344 rats

Chen, Qixuan / Brooks, Stephen P.J / Kafenzakis, Morgan / Raju, Jayadev / Scoggan, Kylie A / Swist, Eleonora

Nutrition research. 2019 Sept., v. 69

2019

Abstract	The influence of the source of fermentable material (FM) on the luminal concentrations of their end products and its effects on colon cell metabolism and disease susceptibility is not well characterized. We hypothesized that total fermentation but not the source (type) of FM would be the main factor in determining cellular /molecular outcomes in the healthy colon epithelia. The main aim of this study was to elucidate the role of two different sources of FM, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and wheat bran (WB), on the expression of genes involved in short chain fatty acid (SCFA) transport, G-protein signaling, apoptosis, cell proliferation and oncogenesis in colon epithelia of healthy rats. Male Fischer 344 rats (n = 10/group) were fed AIN-93G control (0% FM) or experimental diets containing WB (~1%, 2%, or 5% FM) or FOS (~2%, 5%, or 8% FM). Rats were killed after 6 weeks and the colon mucosa was assessed for the expression of target genes using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. By comparison to the control, dose-related changes of mRNA levels were found in rats fed FOS-based diets, including: (a) upregulation of three SCFA transporters (Smct2, Mct1 and Mct4) but downregulation of Mct2, (b) upregulation of Gpr109a and downregulation of Gpr120, Gpr43, Gprc5a, Rgs2 and Rgs16, (c) upregulation of apoptosis-related genes including Bcl2, Bcl2-like 1, Bak1, Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Caspase 9, (d) downregulation of the oncogenes and metastasis genes Ros1, Fos, Cd44, Fn1 and Plau, and (e) downregulation of several genes involved in cellular proliferation including Hbegf, Hoxb13, Cgref1, Wfdc1, Tgm3, Fgf7, Nov and Lumican. In contrast, rats fed WB-based diets resulted in dose-related upregulation of mRNA levels of Smct2, Rgs16, Gprc5a, Gpr109a, Bcl2-like 1, Caspase 8, and Fos. Additionally, different gene expression responses were observed in rats fed FOS and WB at 2% and 5% FM. Over all, these gene changes elicited by FOS and WB were independent of the expression of the tumor suppressor Tp53. These results suggest that fermentation alone is not the sole determinant of gene responses in the healthy rat colon.
Keywords	apoptosis ; carcinogenesis ; caspase-3 ; caspase-8 ; caspase-9 ; cell proliferation ; colon ; disease susceptibility ; experimental diets ; fermentation ; fructooligosaccharides ; gene expression ; gene expression regulation ; G-proteins ; males ; messenger RNA ; metastasis ; mucosa ; neoplasms ; oncogenes ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; rats ; short chain fatty acids ; transporters ; wheat bran
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-09
Size	p. 101-113.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	582432-1
ISSN	1879-0739 ; 0271-5317
ISSN (online)	1879-0739
ISSN	0271-5317
DOI	10.1016/j.nutres.2019.07.006
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of diosgenin, a food saponin.

Raju, Jayadev / Mehta, Rekha

Nutrition and cancer

2009 Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 27–35

Abstract: Cancer chemoprevention is a strategy taken to retard, regress, or resist the multistep process of carcinogenesis, including the blockage of its vital morphogenetic milestones viz. normal-preneoplasia-neoplasia-metastasis. For several reasons, including ... ...

Abstract	Cancer chemoprevention is a strategy taken to retard, regress, or resist the multistep process of carcinogenesis, including the blockage of its vital morphogenetic milestones viz. normal-preneoplasia-neoplasia-metastasis. For several reasons, including safety, minimal (or no) toxicity and side-effects, and better availability, alternatives such as naturally occurring phytochemicals that are found in foods are becoming increasingly popular over synthetic drugs. Food saponins have been used in complimentary and traditional medicine against a variety of diseases including several cancers. Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid saponin found abundantly in legumes and yams, is a well-known precursor of various synthetic steroidal drugs that are extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry. Over the past decade, a series of preclinical and mechanistic studies have been conducted to understand the role of diosgenin as a chemopreventive/therapeutic agent against several cancers. This review highlights the biological activity of diosgenin that contributes to cancer chemoprevention and control. The anticancer mode of action of diosgenin has been demonstrated via modulation of multiple cell signaling events involving critical molecular candidates associated with growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. Altogether, these preclinical and mechanistic findings strongly implicate the use of diosgenin as a novel, multitarget-based chemopreventive or therapeutic agent against several cancer types. Future research in this field will help to establish not only whether diosgenin is safe and efficacious as a chemopreventive agent against several human cancers, but also to develop and evaluate standards of evidence for health claims for diosgenin-containing foods as they become increasingly popular and enter the marketplace labeled as functional foods and nutraceuticals.
MeSH term(s)	Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Diosgenin/pharmacology ; Diosgenin/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Saponins/pharmacology ; Saponins/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anticarcinogenic Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Saponins ; Diosgenin (K49P2K8WLX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	424433-3
ISSN	1532-7914 ; 0163-5581
ISSN (online)	1532-7914
ISSN	0163-5581
DOI	10.1080/01635580802357352
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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