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  1. Article ; Online: B Cells, Viruses, and the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020.

    Hurwitz, Julia L

    Viral immunology

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 251–252

    MeSH term(s) B-Lymphocytes/cytology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Diseases/immunology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Introductory Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639075-4
    ISSN 1557-8976 ; 0882-8245
    ISSN (online) 1557-8976
    ISSN 0882-8245
    DOI 10.1089/vim.2020.0055
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Antiviral Vaccines: Successes and Prospects.

    Hurwitz, Julia L

    Viral immunology

    2018  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 79

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Drug Discovery/trends ; Humans ; Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/isolation & purification ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Viral Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639075-4
    ISSN 1557-8976 ; 0882-8245
    ISSN (online) 1557-8976
    ISSN 0882-8245
    DOI 10.1089/vim.2017.29025.jlh
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: B Cells, Viruses, and the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020

    Hurwitz, Julia L.

    Viral Immunology

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 251–252

    Keywords Immunology ; Molecular Medicine ; Virology ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Mary Ann Liebert Inc
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 639075-4
    ISSN 1557-8976 ; 0882-8245
    ISSN (online) 1557-8976
    ISSN 0882-8245
    DOI 10.1089/vim.2020.0055
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Sendai Virus-Vectored Vaccines That Express Envelope Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses.

    Russell, Charles J / Hurwitz, Julia L

    Viruses

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 6

    Abstract: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are leading causes of respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and individuals of all ages with immunosuppression. Vaccination ... ...

    Abstract Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are leading causes of respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and individuals of all ages with immunosuppression. Vaccination strategies against these pneumoviruses and paramyxoviruses are vast in number, yet no licensed vaccines are available. Here, we review development of Sendai virus (SeV), a versatile pediatric vaccine that can (a) serve as a Jennerian vaccine against HPIV1, (b) serve as a recombinant vaccine against HRSV, HPIV2, HPIV3, and HMPV, (c) accommodate foreign genes for viral glycoproteins in multiple intergenic positions, (d) induce durable, mucosal, B-cell, and T-cell immune responses without enhanced immunopathology, (e) protect cotton rats, African green monkeys, and chimpanzees from infection, and (f) be formulated into a vaccine cocktail. Clinical phase I safety trials of SeV have been completed in adults and 3-6-year-old children. Clinical testing of SeVRSV, an HRSV fusion (F) glycoprotein gene recombinant, has also been completed in adults. Positive results from these studies, and collaborative efforts with the National Institutes of Health and the Serum Institute of India assist advanced development of SeV-based vaccines. Prospects are now good for vaccine successes in infants and consequent protection against serious viral disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Mice ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/genetics ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Sendai virus/genetics ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics ; Viral Vaccines/genetics ; Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Viruses/classification ; Viruses/genetics ; Viruses/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; Viral Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13061023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Cross-Reactive Immune Responses toward the Common Cold Human Coronaviruses and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Mini-Review and a Murine Study.

    Sealy, Robert E / Hurwitz, Julia L

    Microorganisms

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 8

    Abstract: While severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes serious morbidity and mortality in humans (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19), there is an enormous range of disease outcomes following virus exposures. Some individuals are ... ...

    Abstract While severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes serious morbidity and mortality in humans (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19), there is an enormous range of disease outcomes following virus exposures. Some individuals are asymptomatic while others succumb to virus infection within days. Presently, the factors responsible for disease severity are not fully understood. One factor that may influence virus control is pre-existing immunity conferred by an individual's past exposures to common cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Here, we describe previous literature and a new, murine study designed to examine cross-reactive immune responses between SARS-CoV-2 and common cold HCoVs (represented by prototypes OC43, HKU1, 229E, and NL63). Experimental results have been mixed. In SARS-CoV-2-unexposed humans, cross-reactive serum antibodies were identified toward nucleocapsid (N) and the spike subunit S2. S2-specific antibodies were in some cases associated with neutralization. SARS-CoV-2-unexposed humans rarely exhibited antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit S1, and when naïve mice were immunized with adjuvanted S1 from either SARS-CoV-2 or common cold HCoVs, S1-specific antibodies were poorly cross-reactive. When humans were naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2, cross-reactive antibodies that recognized common cold HCoV antigens increased in magnitude. Cross-reactive T cells, like antibodies, were present in humans prior to SARS-CoV-2 exposures and increased following SARS-CoV-2 infections. Some studies suggested that human infections with common cold HCoVs afforded protection against disease caused by subsequent exposures to SARS-CoV-2. Small animal models are now available for the testing of controlled SARS-CoV-2 infections. Additionally, in the United Kingdom, a program of SARS-CoV-2 human challenge experiments has received regulatory approval. Future, controlled experimental challenge studies may better define how pre-existing, cross-reactive immune responses influence SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9081643
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: How Basic Immunological Principles May Instruct the Design of a Successful HIV-Type 1 Vaccine.

    Slobod, Karen S / Hurwitz, Julia L

    Viral immunology

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 233–236

    Abstract: This article is dedicated to Dr. Peter Doherty. While Peter continues to make groundbreaking discoveries in the field of immunology, he also provides outstanding scientific mentorship to his trainees. Here we contemplate our past training with Peter, ... ...

    Abstract This article is dedicated to Dr. Peter Doherty. While Peter continues to make groundbreaking discoveries in the field of immunology, he also provides outstanding scientific mentorship to his trainees. Here we contemplate our past training with Peter, Peter's teachings of basic immunological principles, and how basic principles may instruct the design of a successful human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 vaccine.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Drug Development ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV-1/immunology ; Humans
    Chemical Substances AIDS Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Personal Narrative ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639075-4
    ISSN 1557-8976 ; 0882-8245
    ISSN (online) 1557-8976
    ISSN 0882-8245
    DOI 10.1089/vim.2019.0203
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Microbiome Shapes the T Cell Receptor Repertoire among CD4+CD8+ Thymocytes.

    Surman, Sherri L / Crawford, Jeremy / Dash, Pradyot / Tonkonogy, Susan L / Thomas, Paul G / Hurwitz, Julia L

    Biomedicines

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 12

    Abstract: The microbiome shapes the mature T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and thereby influences pathogen control. To investigate microbiome influences on T cells at an earlier, immature stage, we compared single-cell TCR transcript sequences between CD4+CD8+ ( ... ...

    Abstract The microbiome shapes the mature T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and thereby influences pathogen control. To investigate microbiome influences on T cells at an earlier, immature stage, we compared single-cell TCR transcript sequences between CD4+CD8+ (double-positive) thymocytes from gnotobiotic [E. coli mono-associated (Ec)] and germ-free (GF) mice. Identical TCRβ transcripts (termed repeat, REP) were more often shared between cells of individual Ec mice compared to GF mice (Fishers Exact test, p < 0.0001). Among Ec REPs, a cluster of Vβ genes (Vβ12-1, 12-2, 13-1, and 13-2, termed 12-13) was well represented, whereas 12-13 sequences were not detected among GF REPs (Fishers Exact test, p = 0.046). Vα genes located in the distal region of the TCRα locus were more frequently expressed in Ec mice compared to GF mice, both among REPs and total sequences (Fishers Exact test, p = 0.009). Results illustrate how gut bacteria shape the TCR repertoire, not simply among mature T cells, but among immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines10123015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Might Routine Vitamin A Monitoring in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Reduce Virus-Mediated Lung Pathology?

    Sealy, Robert E / Surman, Sherri L / Vogel, Peter / Hurwitz, Julia L

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 704391

    Abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive gene disorder that affects tens of thousands of patients worldwide. Individuals with CF often succumb to progressive lung disease and respiratory failure following recurrent infections with bacteria. Viral ... ...

    Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive gene disorder that affects tens of thousands of patients worldwide. Individuals with CF often succumb to progressive lung disease and respiratory failure following recurrent infections with bacteria. Viral infections can also damage the lungs and heighten the CF patient's susceptibility to bacterial infections and long-term sequelae. Vitamin A is a key nutrient important for immune health and epithelial cell integrity, but there is currently no consensus as to whether vitamin A should be monitored in CF patients. Here we evaluate previous literature and present results from a CF mouse model, showing that oral vitamin A supplements significantly reduce lung lesions that would otherwise persist for 5-6 weeks post-virus exposure. Based on these results, we encourage continued research and suggest that programs for the routine monitoring and regulation of vitamin A levels may help reduce virus-induced lung pathology in CF patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics ; Dietary Supplements ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Lung/pathology ; Lung/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred CFTR ; Mice, Transgenic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Respirovirus Infections/metabolism ; Sendai virus/physiology ; Vitamin A/administration & dosage ; Vitamin A/metabolism
    Chemical Substances CFTR protein, human ; FABP2 protein, human ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4) ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (126880-72-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704391
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Multi-Envelope HIV-1 Vaccine Development: Two Targeted Immune Pathways, One Desired Protective Outcome.

    Hurwitz, Julia L / Bonsignori, Mattia

    Viral immunology

    2018  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 124–132

    Abstract: In 2016, there were more than 30 million individuals living with HIV-1, ∼1.8 million new HIV-1 infections, and ∼1 million HIV-1-related deaths according to UNAIDS ( unaids.org ). Hence, a preventive HIV-1 vaccine remains a global priority. The variant ... ...

    Abstract In 2016, there were more than 30 million individuals living with HIV-1, ∼1.8 million new HIV-1 infections, and ∼1 million HIV-1-related deaths according to UNAIDS ( unaids.org ). Hence, a preventive HIV-1 vaccine remains a global priority. The variant envelopes of HIV-1 present a significant obstacle to vaccine development and the vaccine field has realized that immunization with a single HIV-1 envelope protein will not be sufficient to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here we describe two nonmutually exclusive, targeted pathways with which a multi-envelope HIV-1 vaccine may generate protective immune responses against variant HIV-1. Pathways include (i) the induction of a polyclonal immune response, comprising a plethora of antibodies with subset-reactive and cross-reactive specificities, together able to neutralize diverse HIV-1 (termed Poly-nAb in this report) and (ii) the induction of one or a few monoclonal antibodies, each with a broadly neutralizing specificity (bnAb). With each pathway in mind, we describe challenges and strategies that may ultimately support HIV-1 vaccine success.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; AIDS Vaccines/isolation & purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antigenic Variation ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Drug Discovery/trends ; Global Health ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV-1/immunology ; Humans ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
    Chemical Substances AIDS Vaccines ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; HIV Antibodies ; Viral Envelope Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639075-4
    ISSN 1557-8976 ; 0882-8245
    ISSN (online) 1557-8976
    ISSN 0882-8245
    DOI 10.1089/vim.2017.0144
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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