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Article ; Online: BCG immunomodulation: From the 'hygiene hypothesis' to COVID-19.

Moulson, Aaron J / Av-Gay, Yossef

2020 Volume 226, Issue 1, Page(s) 152052

Abstract: The century-old tuberculosis vaccine BCG has been the focus of renewed interest due to its well-documented ability to protect against various non-TB pathogens. Much of these broad spectrum protective effects are attributed to trained immunity, the ... ...

Abstract	The century-old tuberculosis vaccine BCG has been the focus of renewed interest due to its well-documented ability to protect against various non-TB pathogens. Much of these broad spectrum protective effects are attributed to trained immunity, the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells. As BCG vaccine is safe, cheap, widely available, amendable to use as a recombinant vector, and immunogenic, it has immense potential for use as an immunotherapeutic agent for various conditions including autoimmune, allergic, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases as well as a preventive measure against infectious agents. Of particular interest is the use of BCG vaccination to counteract the increasing prevalence of autoimmune and allergic conditions in industrialized countries attributable to reduced infectious burden as described by the 'hygiene hypothesis.' Furthermore, BCG vaccination has been proposed as a potential therapy to mitigate spread and disease burden of COVID-19 as a bridge to development of a specific vaccine and recombinant BCG expression vectors may prove useful for the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 antigens (rBCG-SARS-CoV-2) to induce long-term immunity. Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of BCG vaccine in these disease contexts is therefore critical. To that end, we review here BCG-induced immunomodulation focusing specifically on BCG-induced trained immunity and how it relates to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	563292-4
ISSN	1878-3279 ; 0171-2985
ISSN (online)	1878-3279
ISSN	0171-2985
DOI	10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152052
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Article ; Online: The Cardiac Effects of COVID-19 on Young Competitive Athletes: Results from the Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes (ORCCA).

Moulson, Nathaniel / Petek, Bradley J / Baggish, Aaron L / Harmon, Kimberly G / Kliethermes, Stephanie A / Patel, Manesh R / Churchill, Timothy W / Drezner, Jonathan A

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease

2023 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: The Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes (ORCCA) study is a large-scale prospective investigation evaluating the cardiovascular effects and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection on young competitive athletes. This review provides an overview ... ...

Abstract	The Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes (ORCCA) study is a large-scale prospective investigation evaluating the cardiovascular effects and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection on young competitive athletes. This review provides an overview of the key results from the ORCCA study. Results from the ORCCA study have provided important insights into the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the cardiovascular health of young competitive athletes and informed contemporary screening and return to sport practices. Key results include defining a low prevalence of both cardiac involvement and adverse cardiovascular outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection and evaluating the utility of a return-to-play cardiac evaluation. Future aims of the ORCCA study include the longer-term evaluation of cardiovascular outcomes among athletes post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and the transition to investigating outcomes in young athletes with potentially high-risk genetic or structural cardiac diagnoses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2777082-5
ISSN	2308-3425 ; 2308-3425
ISSN (online)	2308-3425
ISSN	2308-3425
DOI	10.3390/jcdd10020072
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Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Outcomes in Collegiate Athletes After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: 1-Year Follow-Up From the Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes.

Petek, Bradley J / Moulson, Nathaniel / Drezner, Jonathan A / Harmon, Kimberly G / Kliethermes, Stephanie A / Churchill, Timothy W / Patel, Manesh R / Baggish, Aaron L

Circulation

2022 Volume 145, Issue 22, Page(s) 1690–1692

MeSH term(s)	Athletes ; COVID-19 ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Registries ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Universities
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80099-5
ISSN	1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
ISSN (online)	1524-4539
ISSN	0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
DOI	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058272
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Article: Diversity of Reactive Astrogliosis in CNS Pathology: Heterogeneity or Plasticity?

Moulson, Aaron J / Squair, Jordan W / Franklin, Robin J M / Tetzlaff, Wolfram / Assinck, Peggy

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

2021 Volume 15, Page(s) 703810

Abstract: Astrocytes are essential for the development and homeostatic maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS). They are also critical players in the CNS injury response during which they undergo a process referred to as "reactive astrogliosis." Diversity ... ...

Abstract	Astrocytes are essential for the development and homeostatic maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS). They are also critical players in the CNS injury response during which they undergo a process referred to as "reactive astrogliosis." Diversity in astrocyte morphology and gene expression, as revealed by transcriptional analysis, is well-recognized and has been reported in several CNS pathologies, including ischemic stroke, CNS demyelination, and traumatic injury. This diversity appears unique to the specific pathology, with significant variance across temporal, topographical, age, and sex-specific variables. Despite this, there is limited functional data corroborating this diversity. Furthermore, as reactive astrocytes display significant environmental-dependent plasticity and fate-mapping data on astrocyte subsets in the adult CNS is limited, it remains unclear whether this diversity represents heterogeneity or plasticity. As astrocytes are important for neuronal survival and CNS function post-injury, establishing to what extent this diversity reflects distinct established heterogeneous astrocyte subpopulations vs. environmentally dependent plasticity within established astrocyte subsets will be critical for guiding therapeutic development. To that end, we review the current state of knowledge on astrocyte diversity in the context of three representative CNS pathologies: ischemic stroke, demyelination, and traumatic injury, with the goal of identifying key limitations in our current knowledge and suggesting future areas of research needed to address them. We suggest that the majority of identified astrocyte diversity in CNS pathologies to date represents plasticity in response to dynamically changing post-injury environments as opposed to heterogeneity, an important consideration for the understanding of disease pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452963-1
ISSN	1662-5102
ISSN	1662-5102
DOI	10.3389/fncel.2021.703810
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Article ; Online: Consumer Wearable Health and Fitness Technology in Cardiovascular Medicine: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Petek, Bradley J / Al-Alusi, Mostafa A / Moulson, Nathaniel / Grant, Aubrey J / Besson, Cyril / Guseh, J Sawalla / Wasfy, Meagan M / Gremeaux, Vincent / Churchill, Timothy W / Baggish, Aaron L

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

2023 Volume 82, Issue 3, Page(s) 245–264

Abstract: The use of consumer wearable devices (CWDs) to track health and fitness has rapidly expanded over recent years because of advances in technology. The general population now has the capability to continuously track vital signs, exercise output, and ... ...

Abstract	The use of consumer wearable devices (CWDs) to track health and fitness has rapidly expanded over recent years because of advances in technology. The general population now has the capability to continuously track vital signs, exercise output, and advanced health metrics. Although understanding of basic health metrics may be intuitive (eg, peak heart rate), more complex metrics are derived from proprietary algorithms, differ among device manufacturers, and may not historically be common in clinical practice (eg, peak V˙O
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Exercise ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Exercise Therapy ; Technology ; Wearable Electronic Devices
Chemical Substances	Cardiovascular Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605507-2
ISSN	1558-3597 ; 0735-1097
ISSN (online)	1558-3597
ISSN	0735-1097
DOI	10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.054
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Zs.A 1846: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 196: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effect of manual hyperinflation on recurrent atelectasis in a ventilator-dependent C3 complete spinal cord injury patient: A case report.

Zhou, Feng / Chen, Xiaodong / Wang, Pengfei / Feng, Yan / Fan, Dingrong / Moulson, Aaron J / Tan, Botao

Heart & lung : the journal of critical care

2022 Volume 52, Page(s) 194–196

Abstract: Clinical case: We present here the case of a ventilator-dependent 76-year-old man with C3 complete spinal cord injury (SCI) who presented with recurrent left lung atelectasis managed with manual hyperinflation (MH). Atelectasis was primarily assessed ... ...

Abstract	Clinical case: We present here the case of a ventilator-dependent 76-year-old man with C3 complete spinal cord injury (SCI) who presented with recurrent left lung atelectasis managed with manual hyperinflation (MH). Atelectasis was primarily assessed with chest X-ray (CXR). Additional monitoring included blood gas analysis, serum procalcitonin, and the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale (MBS), as an objective measure of reported dyspnea. We found that MH successfully reversed the radiographic appearance of atelectasis after the first treatment and maintained this effect for the duration of the 2-week intervention period as well as at 2 weeks of follow-up post-intervention. Furthermore, MH decreased the patient's oxygen requirements and was associated with a decrease in serum procalcitonin. Clinically, the patient reported reduced subjective dyspnea post-MH, which was reflected as an improvement on the MBS. We conclude that MH may represent a therapeutic modality for consideration in the routine management of recurrent atelectasis in mechanically ventilated patients.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Male ; Procalcitonin ; Pulmonary Atelectasis/diagnostic imaging ; Pulmonary Atelectasis/etiology ; Pulmonary Atelectasis/therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications ; Ventilators, Mechanical
Chemical Substances	Procalcitonin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	193129-5
ISSN	1527-3288 ; 0147-9563
ISSN (online)	1527-3288
ISSN	0147-9563
DOI	10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.01.014
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Article ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived cardiorespiratory fitness in athlete patients.

Gustus, Sarah / Moulson, Nathaniel / Churchill, Timothy W / Guseh, James Sawalla / Petek, Bradley J / VanAtta, Carolyn / Baggish, Aaron L / Wasfy, Meagan M

PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation

2022 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 561–568

Abstract: Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as one of the most potent prognostic factors in medicine, is followed longitudinally to guide clinical management. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related changes in lifestyle stand to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as one of the most potent prognostic factors in medicine, is followed longitudinally to guide clinical management. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related changes in lifestyle stand to influence CRF. Objective: To assess the influence of the pandemic on perceived CRF in athlete patients and evaluate how perceived CRF change was related to demographics, pre-pandemic measured CRF, and current physical activity (PA). Design: Prospective cohort study, utilizing electronic survey. Setting: Tertiary care sports cardiology clinical practice. Participants: Adult athlete patients without COVID-19 with pre-pandemic measured CRF using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Interventions: Not applicable. Main outcome measures: Perceived change in CRF since pandemic onset; association between perceived CRF change and demographics, PA, health status, and pre-pandemic measured CRF assessed via analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Among 62 participants (male: 71%, 50.1 ± 12.1 years old), 40% (25/62) reported no change and 32% (20/62) reported an increase in perceived CRF since pandemic onset. Among the 27% (17/62) who reported a decrease in perceived CRF, in most (12/17), this was characterized as only mild. Demographics and pre-pandemic measured CRF did not differ across groups of perceived CRF change. Participants with a moderate or greater decrease in perceived CRF regarded their overall health (via Euro Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale) as worse than other groups (ANOVA, p = .001). Although total PA was similar across groups, those who had improvement in perceived CRF reported higher levels of moderate intensity PA (ANOVA, p = .008). Conclusions: The majority of participants perceived that they had maintained or improved CRF over the pandemic. Findings from this study suggest that a reduction in perceived CRF from pre-pandemic values in athletic patients in clinical practice may not result from population-wide pandemic changes in lifestyle. Worse health status and lower levels of moderate intensity PA were associated with perceived reduction in CRF over the pandemic in athlete patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Athletes ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cardiorespiratory Fitness ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Physical Fitness ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2608988-9
ISSN	1934-1563 ; 1934-1482
ISSN (online)	1934-1563
ISSN	1934-1482
DOI	10.1002/pmrj.12800
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Article ; Online: Neuroprotection and secondary damage following spinal cord injury: concepts and methods.

Hilton, Brett J / Moulson, Aaron J / Tetzlaff, Wolfram

Neuroscience letters

2017 Volume 652, Page(s) 3–10

Abstract: Neuroprotection refers to the attenuation of pathophysiological processes triggered by acute injury to minimize secondary damage. The development of neuroprotective treatments represents a major goal in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI) research. In ... ...

Abstract	Neuroprotection refers to the attenuation of pathophysiological processes triggered by acute injury to minimize secondary damage. The development of neuroprotective treatments represents a major goal in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI) research. In this review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of the methodologies employed to assess secondary damage and neuroprotection in preclinical models of traumatic SCI. We also discuss modelling issues and how new tools might be exploited to study secondary damage and neuroprotection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-23
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	194929-9
ISSN	1872-7972 ; 0304-3940
ISSN (online)	1872-7972
ISSN	0304-3940
DOI	10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.004
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Article ; Online: Non-COVID-19 cardiovascular pathology from return-to-play screening in college athletes after COVID-19.

Klein, Christian F / Petek, Bradley J / Moulson, Nathaniel / Baggish, Aaron L / Churchill, Timothy W / Harmon, Kimberly G / Kliethermes, Stephanie A / Patel, Manesh R / Drezner, Jonathan A

Heart (British Cardiac Society)

2023 Volume 109, Issue 24, Page(s) 1851–1857

Abstract: Objective: Concerns for cardiac involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection led to widespread cardiac testing in athletes. We examined incidental non-COVID-19 cardiovascular pathology in college athletes undergoing postinfection return-to-play screening.: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Concerns for cardiac involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection led to widespread cardiac testing in athletes. We examined incidental non-COVID-19 cardiovascular pathology in college athletes undergoing postinfection return-to-play screening. Methods: The Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes was a nationwide prospective multicentre observational cohort study that captured testing and outcomes data from 45 institutions (September 2020-June 2021). Athletes with an ECG and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and no pre-existing conditions were included. Findings were defined as major (associated with sudden cardiac death or requiring intervention), minor (warrants surveillance), incidental (no follow-up needed) or uncertain significance (abnormal with subsequent normal testing). Results: Athletes with both ECG and TTE (n=2900, mean age 20±1, 32% female, 27% black) were included. 35 (1.2%) had ECG abnormalities. Of these, 2 (5.7%) had TTE abnormalities indicating cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic-1, dilated-1), and 1 with normal TTE had atrial fibrillation. Of 2865 (98.8%) athletes with a normal ECG, 54 (1.9%) had TTE abnormalities: 3 (5.6%) with aortic root dilatation ≥40 mm, 15 (27.8%) with minor abnormalities, 25 (46.3%) with incidental findings and 11 (20.4%) with findings of uncertain significance. Overall, 6 (0.2%) athletes had major conditions; however, coronary anatomy and aortic dimensions were inconsistently reported and pathology may have been missed. Conclusion: Major non-COVID-19 cardiovascular pathology was identified in 1/500 college athletes undergoing return-to-play screening. In athletes without ECG abnormalities, TTE's added value was limited to pathological aortic root dilatation in 1/1000 athletes and minor abnormalities warranting surveillance in 1/160 athletes. Two-thirds of findings were incidental or of uncertain significance.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Athletes ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control ; Electrocardiography/methods ; Mass Screening/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Return to Sport ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	1303417-0
ISSN	1468-201X ; 1355-6037
ISSN (online)	1468-201X
ISSN	1355-6037
DOI	10.1136/heartjnl-2023-322645
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Ui IV Zs.40: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 112: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Characterization of ventilatory efficiency during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in healthy athletes.

Petek, Bradley J / Churchill, Timothy W / Gustus, Sarah K / Schoenike, Mark W / Nayor, Matthew / Moulson, Nathaniel / Guseh, J Sawalla / VanAtta, Carolyn / Blodgett, Jasmine B / Contursi, Miranda / Lewis, Gregory D / Baggish, Aaron L / Wasfy, Meagan M

European journal of preventive cardiology

2022 Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) e21–e24

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Exercise Test ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Athletes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2626011-6
ISSN	2047-4881 ; 2047-4873
ISSN (online)	2047-4881
ISSN	2047-4873
DOI	10.1093/eurjpc/zwac255
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