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  1. Article ; Online: Impact of Previous Common Human Coronavirus Exposure on SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell and Memory B-Cell Response after mRNA-Based Vaccination.

    Casado, José L / Vizcarra, Pilar / Martín-Hondarza, Adrián / Blasco, Magdalena / Grandal-Platero, Marta / Haemmerle, Johannes / Fernández-Escribano, Marina / Vallejo, Alejandro

    Viruses

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 3

    Abstract: Objective: T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 are observed in unexposed individuals, attributed to previous common human coronavirus (HCoV) infections. We evaluated the evolution of this T-cell cross-reactive response and the specific memory B-cells ( ... ...

    Abstract Objective: T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 are observed in unexposed individuals, attributed to previous common human coronavirus (HCoV) infections. We evaluated the evolution of this T-cell cross-reactive response and the specific memory B-cells (MBCs) after the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccination and its impact on incident SARS-CoV-2 infections.
    Methods: This was a longitudinal study of 149 healthcare workers (HCWs) that included 85 unexposed individuals that were subdivided according to previous T-cell cross-reactivity, who were compared to 64 convalescent HCWs. Changes in specific T-cell response and memory B-cell (MBC) levels were compared at baseline and after two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccine.
    Results: A cross-reactive T-cell response was found in 59% of unexposed individuals before vaccination. Antibodies against HKU1 positively correlated with OC43 and 229E antibodies. Spike-specific MBCs was scarce in unexposed HCWs regardless of the presence of baseline T-cell cross-reactivity. After vaccination, 92% and 96% of unexposed HCWs with cross-reactive T-cells had CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to the spike protein, respectively. Similar results to that were found in convalescents (83% and 92%, respectively). Contrarily, higher than that which was observed in unexposed individuals without T-cell cross-reactivity showed lower CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses (73% in both cases,
    Conclusion: While pre-existing T-cell cross-reactivity enhances the T-cell response after vaccination, it does not increase SARS-CoV-2-specific MBC levels in the absence of previous infection. Overall, the level of specific MBCs determines the time to breakthrough infections, regardless of the presence of T-cell cross-reactivity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Longitudinal Studies ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Antibodies ; Breakthrough Infections ; RNA, Messenger ; Vaccination ; Antibodies, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
    Chemical Substances Antibodies ; RNA, Messenger ; Antibodies, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v15030627
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Lower T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern after mRNA vaccine and risk of breakthrough infections in people with HIV.

    Casado, José L / Vizcarra, Pilar / Martín-Colmenarejo, Sara / Del Pino, Judith / Gomez-Maldonado, Sandra / Martín-Hondarza, Adrían / Vallejo, Alejandro

    AIDS (London, England)

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 6, Page(s) 877–882

    Abstract: Objectives: We evaluated T-cell immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) after vaccination in people with HIV (PWH), and their impact on the incidence of disease.: Methods: A prospective cohort study. Peripheral blood mononuclear ...

    Abstract Objectives: We evaluated T-cell immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) after vaccination in people with HIV (PWH), and their impact on the incidence of disease.
    Methods: A prospective cohort study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected a median of 53 days after second dose of mRNA vaccine. Humoral response and T cell responses against the spike (S) glycoprotein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral Wuhan variant) and mutated S-protein regions found in the Delta and Omicron variants were assessed by flow cytometry analysis.
    Results: In 142 PWH without preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection, bivariate correlations showed a close association between T-cell responses to the different variants. However, despite at least 70% of PWH having a cellular immune response to any variant, CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses against VOC were lower in frequency and magnitude (-3% and -20% for Delta, -33% and -28% for Omicron variant) compared with that observed against the Wuhan strain. A higher magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD8 + T cell responses against all the variants was observed in those PWH with greater immune reconstitution. Notably, 27 symptomatic breakthrough infections (19%) in the setting of Delta and Omicron transmission were observed during follow-up, associated with a significant lower humoral and T-cell response to ancestral strain and VOC. On the contrary, only one PWH with COVID-19 (4%) required hospitalization.
    Conclusion: A blunted T-cell response against Delta and Omicron variant is observed in PWH who received two doses of mRNA vaccine. This lower immune response is associated with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Breakthrough Infections ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Prospective Studies ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/complications ; Antibodies, Viral ; mRNA Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639076-6
    ISSN 1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    ISSN (online) 1473-5571
    ISSN 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    DOI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003504
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 2228: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article: Impact of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells on the immune response after mRNA-based Comirnaty vaccine in seronegative health care workers.

    Vallejo, Alejandro / Vizcarra, Pilar / Martín-Hondarza, Adrián / Gómez-Maldonado, Sandra / Haemmerle, Johannes / Velasco, Héctor / Casado, José L

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 1002748

    Abstract: Purpose: To analyze the impact of SARS-COV-2-specific memory B cells (MBC) on the immune response after two doses of mRNA-based Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine in seronegative health care workers. This study is seeking a rationale for boosting vaccines.: ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To analyze the impact of SARS-COV-2-specific memory B cells (MBC) on the immune response after two doses of mRNA-based Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine in seronegative health care workers. This study is seeking a rationale for boosting vaccines.
    Methods: Longitudinal study including 31 seronegative health care workers with undetectable specific MBCs (IgG
    Results: The level of specific MBCs, and isotypes, in the IgG
    Conclusion: IgG
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002748
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  4. Article ; Online: IFN-γ

    Vallejo, Alejandro / Vizcarra, Pilar / Quereda, Carmen / Moreno, Ana / Casado, José Luis

    European journal of clinical investigation

    2021  Volume 51, Issue 12, Page(s) e13636

    Abstract: Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk since they are directly exposed to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, and nevertheless, some remain without the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies or related symptoms, suggesting less ... ...

    Abstract Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk since they are directly exposed to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, and nevertheless, some remain without the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies or related symptoms, suggesting less susceptibility to the infection.
    Methods: This cross-sectional, case-control study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response by two different technologies, the analysis of IFN-γ
    Results: A high proportion of uninfected HCWs (53.8%) had pre-existing IFN-γ
    Conclusions: The good concordance between the proportion of individuals with IFN-γ release after SARS-COV-2 stimulation with the proportion of individuals with specific IFN-γ
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; COVID-19/immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nurses ; Phosphoproteins ; Physicians ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Viral Matrix Proteins
    Chemical Substances Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Phosphoproteins ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; membrane protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2 ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186196-7
    ISSN 1365-2362 ; 0014-2972 ; 0960-135X
    ISSN (online) 1365-2362
    ISSN 0014-2972 ; 0960-135X
    DOI 10.1111/eci.13636
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 677: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  5. Article: Cellular Responses to Membrane and Nucleocapsid Viral Proteins Are Also Boosted After SARS-CoV-2 Spike mRNA Vaccination in Individuals With Either Past Infection or Cross-Reactivity.

    Vallejo, Alejandro / Martín-Hondarza, Adrián / Gómez, Sandra / Velasco, Héctor / Vizcarra, Pilar / Haemmerle, Johannes / Casado, José L

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 812729

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy in the general population, although the nature of T-cell priming is not fully understood. We performed longitudinal spike-, membrane-, and nucleocapsid-specific T-cell analysis in ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy in the general population, although the nature of T-cell priming is not fully understood. We performed longitudinal spike-, membrane-, and nucleocapsid-specific T-cell analysis in individuals with past infection and infection-naïve individuals with cross-reactivity. We found an additional enhancement of T-cell response to the structural membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins after mRNA vaccine in these individuals. Thus, despite the spike-specific response, we found that the first dose of the vaccine boosted a significant CD8 cell response to M and N proteins, whereas no cellular response to those proteins was found in infection-naïve individuals without pre-existing cross-reactivity who were tested for eventual asymptomatic infection. These findings highlight the additional benefit of mRNA vaccines as broad boosters of cellular responses to different viral epitopes in these individuals and suggest extended protection to other viral variants.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2021.812729
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  6. Article ; Online: Low risk of bacterial co-infection, opportunistic diseases, and persistent immunosuppression in people living with HIV and COVID-19.

    Casado, José L / Vizcarra, Pilar / Vivancos, María J / Martinez-Sanz, Javier / Perez-Elías, María J / Moreno, Ana / Vallejo, Alejandro

    Infection

    2022  Volume 50, Issue 4, Page(s) 1013–1017

    Abstract: Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 infection produces lymphopenia and CD4+ T-cell decrease, which could lead to a higher risk of bacterial co-infection or impair immunological evolution in people living with HIV (PLWH).: Methods: We investigated the rate of co- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 infection produces lymphopenia and CD4+ T-cell decrease, which could lead to a higher risk of bacterial co-infection or impair immunological evolution in people living with HIV (PLWH).
    Methods: We investigated the rate of co-infection and superinfection, and the evolution of CD4+ count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, in hospitalized PLWH with COVID-19.
    Results: From March to December 2020, 176 PLWH had symptomatic COVID-19 and 62 required hospitalization (median age, 56 years, 89% males). At admission, 7% and 13% of patients had leukocytosis or increased procalcitonin values and 37 (60%) received empiric antibiotic therapy, but no bacterial co-infection was diagnosed. There were seven cases of superinfection (12%), and one case of P. jiroveci pneumonia during ICU stay. No significant change in CD4+ count or CD4+/CD8+ ratio was observed after discharge.
    Conclusion: Bacterial co-infection is not frequent in PLWH with COVID-19. Immune recovery is observed in most of patients after the disease.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Immunosuppression Therapy/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-31
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 185104-4
    ISSN 1439-0973 ; 0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
    ISSN (online) 1439-0973
    ISSN 0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
    DOI 10.1007/s15010-022-01811-0
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    Zs.A 881: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 528: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Unravelling hip-spine bone mineral density discordance in people living with HIV.

    Vizcarra, Pilar / Rosillo, Marta / Del Rey, José M / Moreno, Ana / Vivancos, María J / Casado, José L

    Journal of bone and mineral metabolism

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 6, Page(s) 990–997

    Abstract: Introduction: In people living with HIV (PLWH), bone mineral density (BMD) discordance between the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) could be frequent given the high frequency of secondary osteoporosis, including HIV-related factors for bone ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: In people living with HIV (PLWH), bone mineral density (BMD) discordance between the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) could be frequent given the high frequency of secondary osteoporosis, including HIV-related factors for bone disease.
    Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort of PLWH with a dual X-ray absorptiometry scan. Hip-spine BMD discordance was defined as different T-score or Z-scores categories at LS and FN.
    Results: Overall, 865 individuals (mean 49.5 years, female 27%) were included. Osteoporosis diagnosis was four-to-seven times lower when both skeletal sites were affected than when considering the lowest T-score at any site (overall, 21% vs 4%). Hip-spine BMD discordance was observed in 381 (44%) individuals, it increased with age (from 43 to 52%, P = 0.032), and it was mainly due to lower LS-BMD. A lower FN-BMD was associated with older age, lower BMI (P < 0.01), and HIV-related factors, such as low CD4 + T-cell counts, duration of HIV infection, and time on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In a multivariate regression analysis, sex male (Odds Ratio, OR 4.901), hyperparathyroidism (OR, 2.364), and time on ART (OR 1.005 per month) were independently associated with discordance. A higher estimated fracture risk by FRAX equation was observed in individuals with BMD discordance due to lower FN-BMD compared to those with lower LS-BMD (+ 36% for major osteoporotic fracture, P = 0.04; + 135% for hip fracture, P < 0.01).
    Conclusion: Hip-spine BMD discordance is highly prevalent in PLWH and it is associated with classical and HIV-related risk factors, modifying the rate of osteoporosis and fracture risk estimation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Bone Density ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Osteoporotic Fractures/complications ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-29
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1295123-7
    ISSN 1435-5604 ; 0914-8779
    ISSN (online) 1435-5604
    ISSN 0914-8779
    DOI 10.1007/s00774-022-01365-z
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    Zs.A 4894: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  8. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Differential abundance of lipids and metabolites related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility.

    Albóniga, Oihane E / Moreno, Elena / Martínez-Sanz, Javier / Vizcarra, Pilar / Ron, Raquel / Díaz-Álvarez, Jorge / Rosas Cancio-Suarez, Marta / Sánchez-Conde, Matilde / Galán, Juan Carlos / Angulo, Santiago / Moreno, Santiago / Barbas, Coral / Serrano-Villar, Sergio

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 22513

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-47669-6
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  9. Article ; Online: mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 Comirnaty vaccine elicits weak and short specific memory B cell response in individuals with no previous infection.

    Casado, José L / Vizcarra, Pilar / Martín-Hondarza, Adrián / Gómez-Maldonado, Sandra / Muedra-Sánchez, Magdalena / Del Pino, Judith / Mirabella, Itria G / Martín-Colmenarejo, Sara / Haemmerle, Johannes / Fernández-Escribano, Marina / Vallejo, Alejandro

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1127379

    Abstract: Objectives: The dynamics of the memory B cell (MBC) repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for assessing long-term immunity. We compare spike-specific MBC responses between SARS-CoV-2 unexposed and recovered individuals, and their impact on ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The dynamics of the memory B cell (MBC) repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for assessing long-term immunity. We compare spike-specific MBC responses between SARS-CoV-2 unexposed and recovered individuals, and their impact on breakthrough infections during follow-up.
    Methods: Spike-specific MBC and T cells were quantified at inclusion and after two doses of mRNA vaccine in a longitudinal cohort of 85 naïve and 64 recovered participants (47 with positive serology and 17 with negative serology after infection).
    Results: At inclusion, there was minimal spike-specific MBC in naïve SARS-CoV-2 individuals. After the second vaccine dose, MBCs were significantly boosted in naïve individuals, but reached a significantly lower level than that observed even in unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 convalescents (p<0.001). Furthermore, while the secondary memory B cell (MBC) population consisted of 100%, 33%, and 76% IgG
    Conclusions: MBCs were primed by mRNA-based vaccination in most cases, but SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals had a blunted specific MBC response, and this was associated with a shorter time to breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; BNT162 Vaccine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Memory B Cells ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; BNT162 Vaccine ; RNA, Messenger ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127379
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Conventional versus extended-pulsed fidaxomicin dosing in patients at high risk of recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection: a propensity score analysis.

    Escudero-Sánchez, Rosa / Rubio Martín, Elena / Vizcarra, Pilar / Braojos Sánchez, Francisco / Diaz Gago, Álvaro / Del Campo Albendea, Laura / Muriel, Alfonso / Halperin, Ana / Ponce Alonso, Manuel / Moreno Guillén, Santiago / Cobo, Javier

    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

    2023  Volume 78, Issue 3, Page(s) 823–827

    Abstract: Introduction: The main challenge in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is to reduce recurrence rates. Fidaxomicin improves the recurrence rate of CDI compared with vancomycin. Extended-pulsed dosing of fidaxomicin was associated ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The main challenge in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is to reduce recurrence rates. Fidaxomicin improves the recurrence rate of CDI compared with vancomycin. Extended-pulsed dosing of fidaxomicin was associated with lower recurrence rates in one clinical trial but has never been directly compared with conventional fidaxomicin dosing.
    Methods: To compare the recurrence rate of fidaxomicin conventional dosing (FCD) and fidaxomicin in extended-pulsed dosing (FEPD) in conditions of clinical practice at a single institution. We performed propensity score matching taking the variables age, severity and previous episode as confounders to evaluate patients with a similar recurrence risk.
    Results: In total, 254 episodes of CDI treated with fidaxomicin were evaluated: 170 (66.9%) received FCD, and 84 (33.1%) received FEPD. More patients who received FCD were hospitalized for CDI, had severe CDI and had a diagnosis based on toxin detection. In contrast, the proportion of patients receiving proton pump inhibitors was higher in those receiving FEPD. The crude recurrence rates in FCD- and FEPD-treated patients were 20.0% and 10.7%, respectively (OR:0.48; 95% CI 0.22-1.05; P = 0.068). We did not find any differences in CDI recurrence rate in patients receiving FEPD versus FCD (OR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.27-2.04) by propensity score analysis.
    Conclusions: Although the recurrence rate with FEPD was numerically lower than that observed with FCD, we have not been able to show that the recurrence rate of CDI is different depending on the dosage regimen of fidaxomicin. Clinical trials or large observational studies comparing the two dosing regimens of fidaxomicin are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Clostridium Infections/drug therapy ; Fidaxomicin ; Health Facilities ; Patients ; Propensity Score
    Chemical Substances Fidaxomicin (Z5N076G8YQ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191709-2
    ISSN 1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
    ISSN (online) 1460-2091
    ISSN 0305-7453
    DOI 10.1093/jac/dkad019
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    Zs.MO 124: Show issues

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