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Article ; Online: Diverse branching forms regulated by a core auxin transport mechanism in plants.

Spencer, Victoria M R / Bentall, Lucy / Harrison, C Jill

2023 Volume 150, Issue 6

Abstract: Diverse branching forms have evolved multiple times across the tree of life to facilitate resource acquisition and exchange with the environment. In the vascular plant group, the ancestral pattern of branching involves dichotomy of a parent shoot apex to ...

Abstract	Diverse branching forms have evolved multiple times across the tree of life to facilitate resource acquisition and exchange with the environment. In the vascular plant group, the ancestral pattern of branching involves dichotomy of a parent shoot apex to form two new daughter apices. The molecular basis of axillary branching in Arabidopsis is well understood, but few regulators of dichotomous branching are known. Through analyses of dichotomous branching in the lycophyte, Selaginella kraussiana, we identify PIN-mediated auxin transport as an ancestral branch regulator of vascular plants. We show that short-range auxin transport out of the apices promotes dichotomy and that branch dominance is globally coordinated by long-range auxin transport. Uniquely in Selaginella, angle meristems initiate at each dichotomy, and these can develop into rhizophores or branching angle shoots. We show that long-range auxin transport and a transitory drop in PIN expression are involved in angle shoot development. We conclude that PIN-mediated auxin transport is an ancestral mechanism for vascular plant branching that was independently recruited into Selaginella angle shoot development and seed plant axillary branching during evolution.
MeSH term(s)	Plant Shoots ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Meristem/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Chemical Substances	Indoleacetic Acids ; Arabidopsis Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	90607-4
ISSN	1477-9129 ; 0950-1991
ISSN (online)	1477-9129
ISSN	0950-1991
DOI	10.1242/dev.201209
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Ub I Zs.183: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 91: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Is it still a genuine occupational requirement to have a female only mammographic workforce in breast screening?

Spencer, S / Zelenyanszki, C / Strudwick, R M / Mizzi, D

Radiography (London, England : 1995)

2023 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 1121–1122

MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Breast ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1289102-2
ISSN	1532-2831 ; 1078-8174
ISSN (online)	1532-2831
ISSN	1078-8174
DOI	10.1016/j.radi.2023.09.009
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Article ; Online: Trends in Death Rates in Urban and Rural Areas: United States, 1999-2019.

Curtin, Sally C / Spencer, Merianne R

NCHS data brief

2021 , Issue 417, Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: In the United States, approximately 15% of the population resides in counties located in rural areas (1). Those living in rural areas often face greater public health challenges as they have more limited access to health care, are less likely to be ... ...

Abstract	In the United States, approximately 15% of the population resides in counties located in rural areas (1). Those living in rural areas often face greater public health challenges as they have more limited access to health care, are less likely to be insured, and are more likely to live in poverty (1,2). This report provides the latest national data for trends in age-adjusted death rates for all causes of death among rural and urban areas by sex. Rates for rural and urban areas for the 10 leading causes of death in 2019 are also presented by urbanrural status along with trends in selected causes of death.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Rural Population ; United States/epidemiology ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2506576-2
ISSN	1941-4927 ; 1941-4935
ISSN (online)	1941-4927
ISSN	1941-4935
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Article ; Online: Urinary Tract Infections in Children.

Marsh, Melanie C / Junquera, Guillermo Yepes / Stonebrook, Emily / Spencer, John David / Watson, Joshua R

Pediatrics in review

2024 Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 260–270

Abstract: Despite the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for the evaluation, treatment, and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs), UTI diagnosis and management remains challenging for clinicians. Challenges with acute UTI management stem from vague ... ...

Abstract	Despite the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for the evaluation, treatment, and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs), UTI diagnosis and management remains challenging for clinicians. Challenges with acute UTI management stem from vague presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic uncertainty, limitations in laboratory testing, and selecting appropriate antibiotic therapy in an era with increasing rates of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens. Recurrent UTI management remains difficult due to an incomplete understanding of the factors contributing to UTI, when to assess a child with repeated infections for kidney and urinary tract anomalies, and limited prevention strategies. To help reduce these uncertainties, this review provides a comprehensive overview of UTI epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies that may help pediatricians overcome the challenges associated with acute and recurrent UTI management.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Child ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	774515-1
ISSN	1526-3347 ; 0191-9601
ISSN (online)	1526-3347
ISSN	0191-9601
DOI	10.1542/pir.2023-006017
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Zs.B 2595: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 53: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Dynamics of activation in the voltage-sensing domain of Ciona intestinalis phosphatase Ci-VSP.

Guo, Spencer C / Shen, Rong / Roux, Benoît / Dinner, Aaron R

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1408

Abstract: The Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensing phosphatase (Ci-VSP) is a membrane protein containing a voltage-sensing domain (VSD) that is homologous to VSDs from voltage-gated ion channels responsible for cellular excitability. Previously published crystal ... ...

Abstract	The Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensing phosphatase (Ci-VSP) is a membrane protein containing a voltage-sensing domain (VSD) that is homologous to VSDs from voltage-gated ion channels responsible for cellular excitability. Previously published crystal structures of Ci-VSD in putative resting and active conformations suggested a helical-screw voltage sensing mechanism in which the S4 helix translocates and rotates to enable exchange of salt-bridge partners, but the microscopic details of the transition between the resting and active conformations remained unknown. Here, by combining extensive molecular dynamics simulations with a recently developed computational framework based on dynamical operators, we elucidate the microscopic mechanism of the resting-active transition at physiological membrane potential. Sparse regression reveals a small set of coordinates that distinguish intermediates that are hidden from electrophysiological measurements. The intermediates arise from a noncanonical helical-screw mechanism in which translocation, rotation, and side-chain movement of the S4 helix are only loosely coupled. These results provide insights into existing experimental and computational findings on voltage sensing and suggest ways of further probing its mechanism.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ciona intestinalis/metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Chemical Substances	Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases (EC 3.1.3.2) ; Membrane Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-45514-6
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Article ; Online: Extending the scope of practice for experienced assistant practitioners in breast screening and the impact on service resilience.

Zelenyanszki, C / Vertenten, C / Spencer, S / Hudson, D / Currie, R

Radiography (London, England : 1995)

2022 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 973–980

Abstract: Introduction: Historically, the NHS Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) required Assistant Practitioners (APs), who are non-registered practitioners, to be supervised by and work alongside a registered radiographer (RPs). Following a national pilot ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Historically, the NHS Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) required Assistant Practitioners (APs), who are non-registered practitioners, to be supervised by and work alongside a registered radiographer (RPs). Following a national pilot looking at the implementation of two APs working remotely without direct supervision by a radiographer, this study seeks to evaluate a local trial of this new model of working. Methods: Pairs of APs were deployed to work together on a mobile breast screening unit over a four-month period. Assessments were carried out to review technical performance using established NHSBSP technical repeat and recall rates in the United Kingdom. Notes on any queries from those involved during the dual AP sessions were prospectively collected and reviewed. Feedback from APs and other multi-disciplinary team members were collected and content analysis was applied. Results: A total of 828 women were screened across the 26 AP clinics that were delivered. Technical repeat and recall rates of participating APs remained stable throughout the pilot period and marginally improved across all participating staff. No women attended the AP clinic who could not be screened and no support from a RP was required during the sessions. Seven normal clinics were converted to AP clinics due to lack of staff on the day, avoiding the cancellation of screening clinics. Feedback from across the screening team was positive. Conclusions: Increasing the autonomy of experienced APs can significantly contribute to the delivery of a resilient radiographic workforce that maintains service performance. Suitable experience and wider team involvement appear to be keys to success in this case. Implication for practice: Increasing the autonomy and voice of the APs has a positive effect on the resilience of the wider radiographic workforce and the service as a whole. It also can provide a mechanism for raising their profile with a possible raise in job satisfaction, staff engagement and retention.
MeSH term(s)	Breast/diagnostic imaging ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Mass Screening ; Scope of Practice ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1289102-2
ISSN	1532-2831 ; 1078-8174
ISSN (online)	1532-2831
ISSN	1078-8174
DOI	10.1016/j.radi.2022.06.021
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the effectiveness of a low fidelity, easily available simulator to teach basic arthroscopy skills to novice learners: A prospective cohort study.

Scott-Watson, Malcolm / Thornhill, Chris / Bhattacharyya, Rahul / Spencer, Simon J

The Knee

2024 Volume 47, Page(s) 129–138

Abstract: Background: Arthroscopy proficiency is key to being a competent orthopaedic surgeon and acquiring arthroscopic skills takes years of exposure and diligent practice. However, today's graduating consultants have had considerably less time in operating ... ...

Abstract	Background: Arthroscopy proficiency is key to being a competent orthopaedic surgeon and acquiring arthroscopic skills takes years of exposure and diligent practice. However, today's graduating consultants have had considerably less time in operating theatre than their senior colleagues at the same point of their careers. Objectives: To evaluate whether: (1) Students could improve their arthroscopic technique using a low fidelity arthroscopic training tool (2) students enjoyed the use of the simulator (3) If certain demographics correlate to performance on the simulator. Methods: Medical students who have no previous training in arthroscopy were included. A combined left- and right-handed timed run with a low-fidelity arthroscopic triangulation simulator was recorded before and after 40-minutes of practice. Results: 84 participants took part with an average improvement of was 66.8%. Students felt that their arthroscopic skills increased on average by 36.4%. 73 of the 84 participants gave the maximum score of 5 when asked if they enjoyed the session and 74 participants gave the maximum score of 5 as to whether they would be interested in participating in further sessions. Factors such as biological sex, video game play and sports were found to be statistically significant to performance. Conclusions: This study showed a statistically significant improvement in students' arthroscopic performance with a low-fidelity arthroscopic simulator. Students found the experience useful with the vast majority indicating interest in completing further training sessions to help improve practical surgical skills. Video gamers, sports players and males were found to have a correlation with performance on the simulator.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1200476-5
ISSN	1873-5800 ; 0968-0160
ISSN (online)	1873-5800
ISSN	0968-0160
DOI	10.1016/j.knee.2024.02.001
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Article ; Online: Alcohol-induced Death Rates in the United States, 2019-2020.

Spencer, Merianne R / Curtin, Sally C / Garnett, Matthew F

NCHS data brief

2022 , Issue 448, Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: Alcohol use is a known risk factor for mortality, and the rates of alcohol induced deaths have risen over the past several years (1). Alcohol use in the United States increased during the first year of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, ... ...

Abstract	Alcohol use is a known risk factor for mortality, and the rates of alcohol induced deaths have risen over the past several years (1). Alcohol use in the United States increased during the first year of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may have affected mortality rates, especially for alcohol-induced deaths (2). Understanding trends in alcohol-induced mortality, with a particular focus on differences from 2019 to 2020, may help identify groups particularly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. This report presents overall and sex-specific trends in alcohol-induced death rates from 2000 to 2020, and then focuses on the rates for 2019 and 2020 by sex, age group, and underlying cause of death.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Cause of Death ; Mortality
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2506576-2
ISSN	1941-4927 ; 1941-4935
ISSN (online)	1941-4927
ISSN	1941-4935
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Article: Emergent Neuroimaging Findings for Written Expression in Children: A Scoping Review.

Costa, Lara-Jeane C / Spencer, Sarah V / Hooper, Stephen R

Brain sciences

2022 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: There is currently a dearth of research on the neural framework of writing tasks in children, as measured by neuroimaging techniques.: Objective: This paper provides an overview of the current literature examining the neurological ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is currently a dearth of research on the neural framework of writing tasks in children, as measured by neuroimaging techniques. Objective: This paper provides an overview of the current literature examining the neurological underpinnings of written expression in children. Design: Using a scoping review approach, with thorough searches of key databases, this paper presents the available literature comprising 13 different studies using both structural and functional neuroimaging techniques with the 0-18 English speaking population. Results: Studies largely presented small sample sizes, with most studies utilizing elementary or middle school-aged children. Emergent findings revealed a complex network of neural contributions to the writing process in children. There were associations between the left fusiform gyrus and orthographic coding (i.e., handwriting), and spelling and written composition measures were significantly correlated with activity in the left posterior cingulate, left precuneus, and right precuneus regions. Additionally, results revealed that good versus poor writers manifested differential brain activation patterns during many tasks associated with written expression, with good writers performing more efficiently than poor writers with respect to brain regions activated during a writing task across handwriting, spelling, and idea generation. Conclusions: The findings from this scoping review lay the foundation for future studies examining the interface between writing skills in children and underlying neural pathways that support the various components of the writing process. It will be important for future research to examine the neurological bases of the various components of written expression in children and adolescents.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci12030406
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Article ; Online: Editorial: Roads Less Traveled: New Directions for Novel Outcomes in Youth Irritability Research.

Evans, Spencer C / Karlovich, Ashley R

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

2022 Volume 62, Issue 4, Page(s) 400–402

Abstract: Road metaphors are ubiquitous in youth mental health. Developmental psychopathology research is described in terms of pathways, trajectories, cascades, and transitions. Children's behavioral concerns are discussed as warning signs and rough spots. ... ...

Abstract	Road metaphors are ubiquitous in youth mental health. Developmental psychopathology research is described in terms of pathways, trajectories, cascades, and transitions. Children's behavioral concerns are discussed as warning signs and rough spots. Although these metaphors have long been useful abstractions, modern quantitative methods and large-scale longitudinal studies have made it possible to empirically investigate the "roads" traveled by individuals across development. One goal here is to chart the paths most often followed by different subgroups of youth. Another goal involves surveying variables that nudge children toward (or away from) psychopathology and other key outcomes. These 2 goals-finding trajectories and predictors thereof-have important implications for research, intervention, and policy; and some of the most important studies, in our view, accomplish both.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Irritable Mood ; Psychopathology ; Mental Health ; Longitudinal Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	392535-3
ISSN	1527-5418 ; 0890-8567
ISSN (online)	1527-5418
ISSN	0890-8567
DOI	10.1016/j.jaac.2022.12.013
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