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Article ; Online: Concise synthesis of deuterium-labelled proanthocyanidin metabolite 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone as an analytical tool.

Artasensi, Angelica / Mazzotta, Sarah / Baron, Giovanna / Aldini, Giancarlo / Fumagalli, Laura

RSC advances

2024 Volume 14, Issue 9, Page(s) 6410–6415

Abstract: Deuterated proanthocyanidin metabolite 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone has been successfully produced. This metabolite is responsible for several proanthocyanidin protective effects in the field of cancer chemoprevention, skin wrinkle- ... ...

Abstract	Deuterated proanthocyanidin metabolite 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone has been successfully produced. This metabolite is responsible for several proanthocyanidin protective effects in the field of cancer chemoprevention, skin wrinkle-prevention, and antimicrobials. The synthetic approach applied employs a short reaction sequence and allows the incorporation of four deuterium atoms on non-exchangeable sites, making it an attractive strategy to produce a stable isotopically labeled internal standard for quantitative mass spectrometry isotope dilution-based methods, as demonstrated by developing an LC-MS/MS method to quantify DHPV in urine samples. Overall, this efficient synthesis provides a valuable analytical tool for the study of the metabolic conversion of proanthocyanidins thus helping to investigate the biological effect and establishing the active dose of the key catabolite 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2046-2069
ISSN (online)	2046-2069
DOI	10.1039/d3ra08665h
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Article ; Online: Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options.

Artasensi, Angelica / Mazzolari, Angelica / Pedretti, Alessandro / Vistoli, Giulio / Fumagalli, Laura

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 28, Issue 7

Abstract: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Both obesity and T2DM are strongly associated with adiposopathy, a term that describes the pathophysiological changes of the ... ...

Abstract	Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Both obesity and T2DM are strongly associated with adiposopathy, a term that describes the pathophysiological changes of the adipose tissue. In this review, we have highlighted adipose tissue dysfunction as a major factor in the etiology of these conditions since it promotes chronic inflammation, dysregulated glucose homeostasis, and impaired adipogenesis, leading to the accumulation of ectopic fat and insulin resistance. This dysfunctional state can be effectively ameliorated by the loss of at least 15% of body weight, that is correlated with better glycemic control, decreased likelihood of cardiometabolic disease, and an improvement in overall quality of life. Weight loss can be achieved through lifestyle modifications (healthy diet, regular physical activity) and pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized different effective management strategies to address weight loss, such as bariatric surgery and several classes of drugs, namely metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, amylin analogs, and SGLT2 inhibitors. These drugs act by targeting various mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM, and they have been shown to induce significant weight loss and improve glycemic control in obese individuals with T2DM.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Obesity/therapy ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Bariatric Surgery ; Weight Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28073094
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Article ; Online: A Novel Chromatographic Method to Assess the Binding Ability towards Dicarbonyls.

Artasensi, Angelica / Salina, Emanuele / Fumagalli, Laura / Regazzoni, Luca

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 28, Issue 14

Abstract: Human exposure to dicarbonyls occurs via ingestion (e.g., food), inhalation (e.g., electronic cigarettes) and dysregulation of endogenous metabolic pathways (e.g., glycolysis). Dicarbonyls are electrophiles able to induce carbonylation of endogenous ... ...

Abstract	Human exposure to dicarbonyls occurs via ingestion (e.g., food), inhalation (e.g., electronic cigarettes) and dysregulation of endogenous metabolic pathways (e.g., glycolysis). Dicarbonyls are electrophiles able to induce carbonylation of endogenous substrate. They have been associated with the onset and progression of several human diseases. Several studies have advocated the use of dicarbonyl binders as food preservatives or as drugs aimed at mitigating carbonylation. This study presents the setup of an easy and cheap assay for the screening of selective and potent dicarbonyl binders. The method is based on the incubation of the candidate molecules with a molecular probe. The activity is then determined by measuring the residual concentration of the molecular probe over time by liquid chromatography (LC). However, the naturally occurring dicarbonyls (e.g., glyoxal, methylglyoxal) are not appealing as probes since they are hard to separate and detect using the most popular LC variants. Benzylglyoxal (BGO) was therefore synthesized and tested, proving to be a convenient probe that allows a direct quantification of residual dicarbonyls by reversed phase LC without derivatization. The method was qualified by assessing the binding ability of some molecules known as binders of natural occurring dicarbonyls, obtaining results consistent with literature.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Glyoxal ; Pyruvaldehyde/chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Molecular Probes
Chemical Substances	Glyoxal (50NP6JJ975) ; Pyruvaldehyde (722KLD7415) ; Molecular Probes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28145341
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Article ; Online: Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Angelica Artasensi / Angelica Mazzolari / Alessandro Pedretti / Giulio Vistoli / Laura Fumagalli

Molecules, Vol 28, Iss 3094, p

Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options

2023 Volume 3094

Abstract	Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Both obesity and T2DM are strongly associated with adiposopathy, a term that describes the pathophysiological changes of the adipose tissue. In this review, we have highlighted adipose tissue dysfunction as a major factor in the etiology of these conditions since it promotes chronic inflammation, dysregulated glucose homeostasis, and impaired adipogenesis, leading to the accumulation of ectopic fat and insulin resistance. This dysfunctional state can be effectively ameliorated by the loss of at least 15% of body weight, that is correlated with better glycemic control, decreased likelihood of cardiometabolic disease, and an improvement in overall quality of life. Weight loss can be achieved through lifestyle modifications (healthy diet, regular physical activity) and pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized different effective management strategies to address weight loss, such as bariatric surgery and several classes of drugs, namely metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, amylin analogs, and SGLT2 inhibitors. These drugs act by targeting various mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM, and they have been shown to induce significant weight loss and improve glycemic control in obese individuals with T2DM.
Keywords	type 2 diabetes mellitus ; diabesity ; obesity ; adiposopathy ; insulin resistance ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of in vitro SARS-CoV-2 inactivation by a new quaternary ammonium compound: Bromiphen bromide.

Strizzi, Sergio / Cappelletti, G / Biasin, M / Artasensi, Angelica / Fumagalli, Laura / Casiraghi, Antonella

Archiv der Pharmazie

2023 Volume 357, Issue 1, Page(s) e2300424

Abstract: The pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which unpredictably exploded in late December of 2019 has stressed the importance of being able to control potential ... ...

Abstract	The pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which unpredictably exploded in late December of 2019 has stressed the importance of being able to control potential pathogens with the aim of limiting their spread. Although vaccines are well known as a powerful tool for ensuring public health and controlling the pandemic, disinfection and hygiene habits remain crucial to prevent infection from spreading and maintain the barrier, especially when the microorganism can persist and survive on textiles, surfaces, and medical devices. During the coronavirus disease pandemic, around half of the disinfectants authorized by the US Environmental Protection Agency contained quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs); their effectiveness had not been proven. Herein, the in vitro SARS-CoV-2 inactivation by p-bromodomiphen bromide, namely bromiphen (BRO), a new, potent, and fast-acting QAC is reported. This study demonstrates that BRO, with a dose as low as 0.02%, can completely inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in just 30 s. Its virucidal activity was 10- and 100-fold more robust compared to other commercially available QACs, namely domiphen bromide and benzalkonium chloride. The critical micellar concentration and the molecular lipophilicity potential surface area support the relevance of the lipophilic nature of these molecules for their activity.
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology ; Bromides ; Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical Substances	Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Bromides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	6381-2
ISSN	1521-4184 ; 0365-6233 ; 1437-1014
ISSN (online)	1521-4184
ISSN	0365-6233 ; 1437-1014
DOI	10.1002/ardp.202300424
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Article: Back to Basics: Choosing the Appropriate Surface Disinfectant.

Artasensi, Angelica / Mazzotta, Sarah / Fumagalli, Laura

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 10, Issue 6

Abstract: From viruses to bacteria, our lives are filled with exposure to germs. In built environments, exposure to infectious microorganisms and their byproducts is clearly linked to human health. In the last year, public health emergency surrounding the COVID-19 ...

Abstract	From viruses to bacteria, our lives are filled with exposure to germs. In built environments, exposure to infectious microorganisms and their byproducts is clearly linked to human health. In the last year, public health emergency surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic stressed the importance of having good biosafety measures and practices. To prevent infection from spreading and to maintain the barrier, disinfection and hygiene habits are crucial, especially when the microorganism can persist and survive on surfaces. Contaminated surfaces are called fomites and on them, microorganisms can survive even for months. As a consequence, fomites serve as a second reservoir and transfer pathogens between hosts. The knowledge of microorganisms, type of surface, and antimicrobial agent is fundamental to develop the best approach to sanitize fomites and to obtain good disinfection levels. Hence, this review has the purpose to briefly describe the organisms, the kind of risk associated with them, and the main classes of antimicrobials for surfaces, to help choose the right approach to prevent exposure to pathogens.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics10060613
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Article ; Online: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Multi-Target Drugs.

Artasensi, Angelica / Pedretti, Alessandro / Vistoli, Giulio / Fumagalli, Laura

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 25, Issue 8

Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multi-factorial chronic health condition that affects a large part of population and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the number of adults living with diabetes is expected to increase. Since type 2 diabetes ... ...

Abstract	Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multi-factorial chronic health condition that affects a large part of population and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the number of adults living with diabetes is expected to increase. Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is suffered by the majority of diabetic patients (around 90-95%) and often the mono-target therapy fails in managing blood glucose levels and the other comorbidities, this review focuses on the potential drugs acting on multi-targets involved in the treatment of this type of diabetes. In particular, the review considers the main systems directly involved in T2DM or involved in diabetes comorbidities. Agonists acting on incretin, glucagon systems, as well as on peroxisome proliferation activated receptors are considered. Inhibitors which target either aldose reductase and tyrosine phosphatase 1B or sodium glucose transporters 1 and 2 are taken into account. Moreover, with a view at the multi-target approaches for T2DM some phytocomplexes are also discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility ; Drug Design ; Drug Discovery ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Incretins/chemistry ; Incretins/pharmacology ; Incretins/therapeutic use ; Ligands ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Incretins ; Ligands ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules25081987
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Article ; Online: Chemoenzymatic approach towards the synthesis of the antitumor and antileishmanial marine metabolite (+)-Harzialactone A via the stereoselective, biocatalyzed reduction of a prochiral ketone.

Artasensi, Angelica / Bassanini, Ivan / E Ferrandi, E / Feni, Lucia / Vistoli, Giulio / Fumagalli, Laura / Gandolfi, Raffaella

Bioorganic chemistry

2023 Volume 138, Page(s) 106675

Abstract: As a rich source of biological active compounds, marine natural products have been increasingly screened as candidates for developing new drugs. Among the several marine products and metabolites, (+)-Harzialactone A has drawn considerable attention for ... ...

Abstract	As a rich source of biological active compounds, marine natural products have been increasingly screened as candidates for developing new drugs. Among the several marine products and metabolites, (+)-Harzialactone A has drawn considerable attention for its antitumor and antileishmanial activity. In this work a chemoenzymatic approach has been implemented for the preparation of the marine metabolite (+)-Harzialactone A. The synthesis involved a stereoselective, biocatalyzed reduction of the prochiral ketone 4-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid or the corresponding esters, all generated by chemical reactions. A collection of different promiscuous oxidoreductases (both wild-type and engineered) and diverse microorganism strains were investigated to mediate the bioconversions. After co-solvent and co-substrate investigation in order to enhance the bioreduction performance, T. molischiana in presence of NADES (choline hydrochloride-glucose) and ADH442 were identified as the most promising biocatalysts, allowing the obtainment of the (S)-enantiomer with excellent ee (97% to > 99% respectively) and good to excellent conversion (88% to 80% respectively). The successful attempt in this study provides a new chemoenzymatic approach for the synthesis of (+)-Harzialactone A.
MeSH term(s)	Biocatalysis ; Ketones/chemistry ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism
Chemical Substances	harzialactone-A ; Ketones ; Oxidoreductases (EC 1.-) ; 5-phenyllevulinic acid
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120080-x
ISSN	1090-2120 ; 0045-2068
ISSN (online)	1090-2120
ISSN	0045-2068
DOI	10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106675
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Article ; Online: Cyclo(His-Pro) Exerts Protective Carbonyl Quenching Effects through Its Open Histidine Containing Dipeptides.

Regazzoni, Luca / Fumagalli, Laura / Artasensi, Angelica / Gervasoni, Silvia / Gilardoni, Ettore / Mazzolari, Angelica / Aldini, Giancarlo / Vistoli, Giulio

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 9

Abstract: Cyclo(His-Pro) (CHP) is a cyclic dipeptide which is endowed with favorable pharmacokinetic properties combined with a variety of biological activities. CHP is found in a number of protein-rich foods and dietary supplements. While being stable at ... ...

Abstract	Cyclo(His-Pro) (CHP) is a cyclic dipeptide which is endowed with favorable pharmacokinetic properties combined with a variety of biological activities. CHP is found in a number of protein-rich foods and dietary supplements. While being stable at physiological pH, CHP can open yielding two symmetric dipeptides (His-Pro, Pro-His), the formation of which might be particularly relevant from dietary CHP due to the gastric acidic environment. The antioxidant and protective CHP properties were repeatedly reported although the non-enzymatic mechanisms were scantly investigated. The CHP detoxifying activity towards α,β unsaturated carbonyls was never investigated in detail, although its open dipeptides might be effective as already observed for histidine containing dipeptides. Hence, this study investigated the scavenging properties of TRH, CHP and its open derivatives towards 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. The obtained results revealed that Pro-His possesses a marked activity and is more reactive than l-carnosine. As investigated by DFT calculations, the enhanced reactivity can be ascribed to the greater electrophilicity of the involved iminium intermediate. These findings emphasize that the primary amine (as seen in l-carnosine) can be replaced by secondary amines with beneficial effects on the quenching mechanisms. Serum stability of the tested peptides was also evaluated, showing that Pro-His is characterized by a greater stability than l-carnosine. Docking simulations suggested that its hydrolysis can be catalyzed by serum carnosinase. Altogether, the reported results evidence that the antioxidant CHP properties can be also due to the detoxifying activity of its open dipeptides, which might be thus responsible for the beneficial effects induced by CHP containing food.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Carnosine ; Dipeptides/chemistry ; Histidine/chemistry ; Peptides, Cyclic ; Piperazines
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Dipeptides ; Peptides, Cyclic ; Piperazines ; Histidine (4QD397987E) ; Carnosine (8HO6PVN24W) ; histidyl-proline diketopiperazine (Q10817UXVT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14091775
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Article ; Online: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Angelica Artasensi / Alessandro Pedretti / Giulio Vistoli / Laura Fumagalli

Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 1987, p

A Review of Multi-Target Drugs

2020 Volume 1987

Abstract	Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multi-factorial chronic health condition that affects a large part of population and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the number of adults living with diabetes is expected to increase. Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is suffered by the majority of diabetic patients (around 90–95%) and often the mono-target therapy fails in managing blood glucose levels and the other comorbidities, this review focuses on the potential drugs acting on multi-targets involved in the treatment of this type of diabetes. In particular, the review considers the main systems directly involved in T2DM or involved in diabetes comorbidities. Agonists acting on incretin, glucagon systems, as well as on peroxisome proliferation activated receptors are considered. Inhibitors which target either aldose reductase and tyrosine phosphatase 1B or sodium glucose transporters 1 and 2 are taken into account. Moreover, with a view at the multi-target approaches for T2DM some phytocomplexes are also discussed.
Keywords	diabetes mellitus ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; multi-target compounds ; multi-target drugs ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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