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  1. Article ; Online: Acute splenic sequestration in HbSS: observations from the Jamaican birth cohort.

    Serjeant, Graham / Mason, Karlene / Hambleton, Ian / Serjeant, Beryl

    Archives of disease in childhood

    2024  Volume 109, Issue 2, Page(s) 100–105

    Abstract: ... 1.07 years. During ASS, median values for haemoglobin fell by 32 g/dL, reticulocytes increased by 8 ...

    Abstract Objective: To document the prevalence, clinical features, haematology and outcome of acute splenic sequestration (ASS) in homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS).
    Study design: A cohort study from birth.
    Setting: The Medical Research Council Laboratories at the University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
    Patients: 311 cases of HbSS detected during the screening of 100 000 deliveries at the main government maternity hospital between 1973 and 1981.
    Interventions: Long-term follow-up and free patient care focusing on ASS.
    Main outcome measure: Acute splenic sequestration.
    Results: There were 183 episodes of ASS in 105 patients representing 35% of the cohort. The median age for first event was 1.07 years. During ASS, median values for haemoglobin fell by 32 g/dL, reticulocytes increased by 8% and total nucleated cells increased by 10.5%. ASS recurred in 47 (45%) patients. Conservative therapy in 133 episodes of 85 patients was associated with five deaths and splenectomy in 20 patients with 50 episodes had no deaths. Symptoms were generally non-specific but acute chest syndrome occurred in 17, and blood cultures revealed coagulase negative staphylococci in 5. The ASS case fatality rate was 3.6% and may be higher if autopsy evidence of ASS is included. There was no seasonal pattern but higher levels of fetal haemoglobin predicted patients less prone to ASS and its later occurrence.
    Conclusions: ASS remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HbSS in developing societies. ASS appears to be a non-specific response to many possible risk factors including coagulase negative staphylococci.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Infant ; Cohort Studies ; Jamaica/epidemiology ; Birth Cohort ; Coagulase ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology ; Hemoglobins
    Chemical Substances Coagulase ; Hemoglobins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 524-1
    ISSN 1468-2044 ; 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    ISSN (online) 1468-2044
    ISSN 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    DOI 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326173
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  2. Article: Associations among Maternal Trauma History, Postnatal Maternal Sensitivity, and Infant Temperament.

    Hambleton, Jennifer Lynn / Aubuchon-Endsley, Nicki Lynn / Kurien, Jasmin

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: ... variables (e.g., recency, type, revictimization/polyvictimization), in utero maternal cortisol ...

    Abstract Women are at increased risk of trauma exposure and of experiencing prolonged posttraumatic stress. Maternal trauma exposure and associated impairment may adversely impact mother-infant interaction quality, which may in turn be associated with infant temperament difficulties. More research is needed to identify which maternal trauma predictors are most robustly related to infant temperament outcomes. The present study aimed to address this gap by examining maternal sensitivity as a mediator of relations between maternal trauma and infant temperament in a longitudinal study of a rural cohort of mother-infant dyads. Mediation via maternal sensitivity was not supported in any of the primary analyses. Greater maternal trauma exposure was found to predict greater infant regulation behavior, a finding that was in opposition to expected results and which may be explained by protective factors found within the sample. The present sample was skewed toward married, educated women who reported high social support satisfaction and low trauma-associated impairment. The findings elucidate protective factors that may mitigate adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants. Future research models should include additional maternal trauma variables (e.g., recency, type, revictimization/polyvictimization), in utero maternal cortisol exposure, maternal insensitivity/ambiguous response patterns during caregiver tasks, and analysis of the IBQ-R subscales.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children11030301
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  3. Article: Faith-based leaders' perceptions on the implementation of programs to promote healthy lifestyles in churches in Barbados-a mixed-methods analysis.

    Sobers, Natasha / Murphy, Madhuvanti / Hassan, Saria / Norville, Katrina / Brathwaite-Graham, Lisa / Hambleton, Ian / Anderson, Simon G / Lewis, Kia / Ferguson, Trevor

    Research square

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: There is a high burden of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes in small island developing states (SIDS). SIDS governments have committed to a range of public health, healthcare, and fiscal measures to reduce this burden ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is a high burden of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes in small island developing states (SIDS). SIDS governments have committed to a range of public health, healthcare, and fiscal measures to reduce this burden including community-based health education in collaboration with civil society organizations. We sought to explore perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of implementing self-management health programs in 20 faith-based organizations in the small island developing state of Barbados.
    Methods: This was a concurrent mixed methods study - a quantitative online survey and a qualitative inquiry using semi-structured interviews. Acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of the intervention were assessed using the following quantitative assessment tools: Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted virtually, recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis based on deductive codes from Proctor's implementation outcomes definitions.
    Results: From the 52 respondents of the survey, the median and interquartile ranges for the AIM, IAM and FIM scales were 16 (15-20), 16 (16-20) and 16 (15-17) (out of 20), respectively. We found high levels of acceptability, 82% (95% CI (69%, 95%)) of leaders indicating that health programs in churches met with their approval; and high levels of appropriateness-90% (95% CI (80%, 100%)) indicating health programs in churches were "fitting" and "a good match". Feasibility scores were lower, with 60% (95% CI (44%, 76%)) indicating that health programs in churches would be easy to use. In interviews, leaders expressed acceptance of healthy lifestyle programs in churches and described their appropriateness through alignment with church doctrines stating, "the body is the temple of God". They felt that economic impacts from COVID-19 were likely to be a barrier to the success of programs. Leaders expressed the need for support from healthcare providers who are sensitive and respectful of church culture.
    Conclusion: We found that health-based programs in churches align well with church doctrines, but the success of these programs will depend on establishing trust through the engagement of church-based champions, tailoring programming to include a biblical perspective and engaging entire households.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4014464/v1
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  4. Article: Retained Splenic Function in an Indian Population with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease May Have Important Clinical Significance.

    Serjeant, Beryl / Hambleton, Ian / Serjeant, Graham

    Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine

    2021  Volume 46, Issue 4, Page(s) 715–718

    Abstract: Background and objectives: To determine whether the persistence of splenomegaly characteristic of the Asian haplotype of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease is associated with continued splenic function, a comparison of patients from Odisha, India, and ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: To determine whether the persistence of splenomegaly characteristic of the Asian haplotype of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease is associated with continued splenic function, a comparison of patients from Odisha, India, and Jamaica.
    Materials and methods: Indian patients were examined in a cross-sectional study and compared with the Jamaican Cohort Study from birth. Splenomegaly was assessed in both populations with standard methods. Splenic function was assessed in both by counts of pitted red blood cells determined by differential interference contrast microscopy in the same laboratory.
    Results: In Jamaica, the spleen became palpable in 55% of patients during the 1
    Interpretation and conclusions: The maximal risk of invasive pneumococcal infection in SS disease falls sharply after the age of 3 years, and persistence of splenic function in Odisha patients beyond this age may explain the apparent absence of pneumococcal septicemia in Indian patients and questions the role of pneumococcal prophylaxis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-08
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2085330-0
    ISSN 1998-3581 ; 0970-0218
    ISSN (online) 1998-3581
    ISSN 0970-0218
    DOI 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_1054_20
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  5. Article ; Online: Spleen size in homozygous sickle cell disease: trends in a birth cohort using ultrasound.

    Walker, Thomas M / Hambleton, Ian R / Mason, Karlene P / Serjeant, Graham

    The British journal of radiology

    2022  Volume 95, Issue 1140, Page(s) 20220634

    Abstract: Objectives: To provide ultrasound baselines for spleen length in homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS) and in normal controls with a HbAA genotype.: Methods: The Jamaican cohort study identified 311 babies with HbSS and 246 matched HbAA controls ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To provide ultrasound baselines for spleen length in homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS) and in normal controls with a HbAA genotype.
    Methods: The Jamaican cohort study identified 311 babies with HbSS and 246 matched HbAA controls during the screening of 100,000 consecutive deliveries in Kingston, Jamaica from 1973 to 1981. Ultrasonography commenced in 1988 when the youngest patients were aged 6 years at which time deaths, emigrations and default had reduced the numbers to 206 HbSS and 89 controls. It continued annually until 2000.
    Results: The spleen was visualized in all HbAA controls but in only 1103/2138 (52%) scans in HbSS. Where available, mean splenic lengths were significantly lower in HbSS (77-103 mm in males, 70-83 mm in females) compared to normal controls (89-101 mm in males, 86-95 mm in females). Assessed by statistical modelling after adjusting for body height, the splenic ratio (splenic length/body height) declined over the age range 12-20 years in HbSS, consistent with progressive splenic fibrosis. Genetic factors known to inhibit sickling, α thalassemia and fetal hemoglobin level (HbF) significantly reduced the decline in splenic ratio. Clinical splenomegaly was an insensitive measure of splenic enlargement as only 50% of patients aged 18 years and above with spleens measuring ≥150 mm on ultrasonography had palpable spleens.
    Conclusions: An age-related decline in splenic length occurred in HbSS and occurred more slowly with genetic factors known to inhibit sickling. The standards provided may be of value in assessing minor degrees of subclinical acute splenic sequestration.
    Advances in knowledge: These are the first standards available for splenic length in HbSS. They may be useful in detecting red cell sequestration, not apparent from clinical splenomegaly and also provide a model for identifying factors inhibiting vaso-occlusion.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Spleen/diagnostic imaging ; Splenomegaly/diagnostic imaging ; Cohort Studies ; Birth Cohort ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2982-8
    ISSN 1748-880X ; 0007-1285
    ISSN (online) 1748-880X
    ISSN 0007-1285
    DOI 10.1259/bjr.20220634
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  6. Article ; Online: Do People Want the 'New Normal'? A Mixed Method Investigation of Young Person, Parent, and Clinician Experience and Preferences for Eating Disorder Treatment Delivery in the Post-COVID-19 World.

    Baudinet, Julian / Konstantellou, Anna / Hambleton, Ashlea / Bialluch, Katrin / Hurford, Georgina / Stewart, Catherine S

    Nutrients

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 17

    Abstract: Eating disorder treatment was predominantly provided online during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has continued into the post-pandemic world. This mixed method study explored young person, parent/caregiver, and clinician experiences of child and adolescent ...

    Abstract Eating disorder treatment was predominantly provided online during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has continued into the post-pandemic world. This mixed method study explored young person, parent/caregiver, and clinician experiences of child and adolescent eating disorder treatment. In total, 90 participants (25 young people, 49 parents/caregivers, and 16 clinicians) completed online surveys about the experience of online working. Data were compared to similar data collected by the same service earlier in the pandemic. The results show that preferences are largely unchanged since 2020; online treatment is considered helpful and acceptable by all groups. Nevertheless, face-to-face assessment sessions (young people: 52.2%; and parents/caregivers: 68.9%) and final sessions (young people: 82.6%; and parents/caregivers: 82.2%) were preferred compared to online. There was also a preference for early treatment sessions to either be always or mostly face-to-face (young people: 65.2%; and parents/caregivers: 73.3%). The middle and latter parts of treatment were a time when preferences shifted slightly to a more hybrid mode of delivery. Participants reported finding engagement with the therapist (young people: 70.6%; and parents/caregivers: 52.5%) easier during face-to-face treatment. Stepping away from the binary of online
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/therapy ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/therapy ; Parents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu15173732
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  7. Book: Manual of hospital paediatrics

    Hambleton, Garry

    (Manual series)

    1988  

    Series title Manual series
    Keywords Pediatrics / handbooks
    Size 360 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Churchill Livingstone
    Publishing place Edinburgh u.a.
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT003226993
    ISBN 0-443-03512-1 ; 978-0-443-03512-8
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  8. Article: Gender Differences in Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Small Island Developing State of Barbados.

    Harvey, Arianne / Howitt, Christina / Campbell, Jacqueline M / Forde, Shelly-Ann A / Hambleton, Ian / Bascombe, Ivanna / Anderson, Simon G / Scantlebury, Dawn / Delice, Rudolph / Sobers, Natasha P

    Cureus

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e56729

    Abstract: ... logistic regression models. Median and interquartile ranges (IQR) were calculated for performance metrics (e.g., time ...

    Abstract Objective To determine trends, identify predictors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence and mortality, and explore performance metrics for AMI care in Barbados. Methods Data on all cases diagnosed with AMI were collected by the Barbados National Registry for Non-Communicable Diseases (BNR) from the island's only tertiary hospital, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the National Vital Registration Department. Participants who survived hospital admission were then followed up at 28 days and one year post event via telephone survey and retrieval of death certificates. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated. Determinants of mortality at 28 days were examined in multivariable logistic regression models. Median and interquartile ranges (IQR) were calculated for performance metrics (e.g., time from pain onset to reperfusion). Results In a 10-year period between 2010 and 2019, 4,065 cases of myocardial infarction were recorded. The median age of the sample was 73 years (IQR: 61,83), and approximately half (47%) were female. Over a 10-year period, standardized incidence increased in women on average yearly by three per 100,000 (95% CI: 1 to 6; p=0.02), while in men, the average increase per year was six per 100,000 (95% CI: 4 to 8; p<0.001). There was no increase in 28-day mortality in women; mortality in men increased each year by 2.5 per 100,000 (95% CI: 0.4 to 4.5; p=0.02). The time from arrival at the hospital to the ECG was 44 minutes IQR (20,113). Conclusion AMI incidence and mortality are increasing in Barbados, and men have a higher velocity of mortality rate increase than women, which contradicts global data.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.56729
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  9. Article: Psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders: findings from a rapid review of the literature.

    Hambleton, Ashlea / Pepin, Genevieve / Le, Anvi / Maloney, Danielle / Touyz, Stephen / Maguire, Sarah

    Journal of eating disorders

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 132

    Abstract: Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening illnesses. The mortality rate of EDs is significantly elevated compared to other psychiatric conditions, primarily due to medical complications and suicide. The ... ...

    Abstract Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening illnesses. The mortality rate of EDs is significantly elevated compared to other psychiatric conditions, primarily due to medical complications and suicide. The current rapid review aimed to summarise the literature and identify gaps in knowledge relating to any psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders.
    Methods: This paper forms part of a rapid review) series scoping the evidence base for the field of EDs, conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021-2031, funded and released by the Australian Government. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline were searched for English-language studies focused on the psychiatric and medical comorbidities of EDs, published between 2009 and 2021. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and Randomised Control Trials were prioritised.
    Results: A total of 202 studies were included in this review, with 58% pertaining to psychiatric comorbidities and 42% to medical comorbidities. For EDs in general, the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities were anxiety (up to 62%), mood (up to 54%) and substance use and post-traumatic stress disorders (similar comorbidity rates up to 27%). The review also noted associations between specific EDs and non-suicidal self-injury, personality disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders. EDs were complicated by medical comorbidities across the neuroendocrine, skeletal, nutritional, gastrointestinal, dental, and reproductive systems. Medical comorbidities can precede, occur alongside or emerge as a complication of the ED.
    Conclusions: This review provides a thorough overview of the comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions co-occurring with EDs. High psychiatric and medical comorbidity rates were observed in people with EDs, with comorbidities contributing to increased ED symptom severity, maintenance of some ED behaviours, and poorer functioning as well as treatment outcomes. Early identification and management of psychiatric and medical comorbidities in people with an ED may improve response to treatment and overall outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2699357-0
    ISSN 2050-2974
    ISSN 2050-2974
    DOI 10.1186/s40337-022-00654-2
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  10. Article ; Online: Pregnancy outcome in homozygous sickle cell disease: observations from the Jamaican Birth Cohort.

    Lewis, G / Thame, M / Howitt, C / Hambleton, I / Serjeant, G R

    BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology

    2021  Volume 128, Issue 10, Page(s) 1703–1710

    Abstract: Objective: To document pregnancy outcome in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and in age-matched controls with a normal haemoglobin genotype followed from birth for up to 45 years.: Methods: A total of 100 000 consecutive non-operative deliveries ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To document pregnancy outcome in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and in age-matched controls with a normal haemoglobin genotype followed from birth for up to 45 years.
    Methods: A total of 100 000 consecutive non-operative deliveries screened for sickle cell disease at the main Government maternity hospital in Kingston, Jamaica between 1973 and 1981 detected 311 (149 female) babies with SS disease who were matched by age and gender with 250 (129 female) controls with an AA haemoglobin phenotype. These individuals have been followed from birth with prospective assessment of menarche and detailed documentation of all pregnancies.
    Results: There were 177 pregnancies in 71 SS patients and 226 pregnancies in 74 AA controls. Mothers with SS disease had more spontaneous abortions (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.1), fewer live births (aRR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) and their offspring were more likely to have a gestational age <37 weeks (aRR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.7) and low birthweight <2.5 kg (aRR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6-5.3). They were more prone to acute chest syndrome (aRR 13.7, 95% CI 4.1-45.5), urinary tract infection (aRR 12.8, 95% CI 1.3-125.9), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (aRR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-8.8), retained placenta (aRR 10.1, 95% CI 1.1-90.3), sepsis (Fisher's Exact test 0.04) and pregnancy-related deaths (Fisher's Exact test 0.02). Four of five deaths were attributable to acute chest syndrome. There was no genotypic difference in pregnancy-induced hypertension or postpartum haemorrhage.
    Conclusion: Pregnancy in SS disease carries risks for both mother and child. The variable characteristics of pregnancy-related deaths complicate their prevention.
    Tweetable abstract: Pregnancy in SS disease compared with controls showed increased abortions and stillbirths, fewer live births and maternal deaths in 7% patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/mortality ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jamaica/epidemiology ; Male ; Maternal Death ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/mortality ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stillbirth ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2000931-8
    ISSN 1471-0528 ; 0306-5456 ; 1470-0328
    ISSN (online) 1471-0528
    ISSN 0306-5456 ; 1470-0328
    DOI 10.1111/1471-0528.16696
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