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Article ; Online: Safety assessment of

Hale, J D F / Jain, R / Wescombe, P A / Burton, J P / Simon, R R / Tagg, J R

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 47–60

Abstract: The development of probiotics targeting non-intestinal body sites continues to generate interest amongst researchers, biotech companies and consumers alike. A key consideration for any bacterial strain to be developed into a probiotic is a robust ... ...

Abstract	The development of probiotics targeting non-intestinal body sites continues to generate interest amongst researchers, biotech companies and consumers alike. A key consideration for any bacterial strain to be developed into a probiotic is a robust assessment of its safety profile.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Probiotics ; Streptococcus salivarius ; Virulence Factors
Chemical Substances	Virulence Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2561259-1
ISSN	1876-2891 ; 1876-2883
ISSN (online)	1876-2891
ISSN	1876-2883
DOI	10.3920/BM2021.0107
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Article ; Online: Skin Microbiome-The Next Frontier for Probiotic Intervention.

McLoughlin, Isabella J / Wright, Eva M / Tagg, John R / Jain, Rohit / Hale, John D F

Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins

2021 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 630–647

Abstract: The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and it orchestrates many functions that are fundamentally important for our survival. Although the skin might appear to present a relatively inhospitable or even hostile environment, a multitude of ... ...

Abstract	The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and it orchestrates many functions that are fundamentally important for our survival. Although the skin might appear to present a relatively inhospitable or even hostile environment, a multitude of commensals and also some potentially pathogenic microorganisms have successfully adapted to survive and/or thrive within the diverse ecological niches created by the skin's topographical architecture. Dysbiosis within these microbial populations can result in the emergence and pathological progression of skin diseases. Unsurprisingly, this has led to a new focus of research both for the medical dermatology and cosmetic industries that is concerned with modulation of the skin microbiome to help address common microbially mediated or modulated conditions such as acne, body odour, and atopic dermatitis. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of the complex relationship of the skin with its microbiome and then introduces the concept of probiotic intervention for the management of microbial dysbiosis within the skin ecosystem.
MeSH term(s)	Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy ; Dysbiosis/therapy ; Humans ; Microbiota ; Probiotics ; Skin
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2487792-X
ISSN	1867-1314 ; 1867-1306
ISSN (online)	1867-1314
ISSN	1867-1306
DOI	10.1007/s12602-021-09824-1
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Article ; Online: Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria having activity spectra extending beyond closely-related species.

Todorov, S D / de Melo Franco, B D G / Tagg, J R

Beneficial microbes

2019 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 315–328

Abstract: Bacteriocins are bacterially-produced antimicrobial peptides that have killing activity principally against other relatively closely-related bacteria. Some bacteriocins of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have for many years been extensively applied in ... ...

Abstract	Bacteriocins are bacterially-produced antimicrobial peptides that have killing activity principally against other relatively closely-related bacteria. Some bacteriocins of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have for many years been extensively applied in food biopreservation. However, especially during the last decade, a number of reports have appeared about unanticipated extensions to the generally rather narrow anti-bacterial activity spectrum of some of the LAB bacteriocins and novel applications have been proposed for bacteriocins ranging from controlling the growth of an increasingly-heterogeneous variety of pathogens, including Gram-negative multidrug resistant bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and in particular, difficult to control
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; Bacteriocins/biosynthesis ; Bacteriocins/pharmacology ; Food Preservatives ; Lactobacillales/chemistry ; Mycobacterium/drug effects ; Mycobacterium/growth & development ; Nisin/pharmacology ; Quorum Sensing
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; Bacteriocins ; Food Preservatives ; Nisin (1414-45-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2561259-1
ISSN	1876-2891 ; 1876-2883
ISSN (online)	1876-2891
ISSN	1876-2883
DOI	10.3920/BM2018.0126
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Article: Safety assessment of Streptococcus salivarius M18 a probiotic for oral health

Hale, J.D.F. / Jain, R. / Wescombe, P.A. / Burton, J.P. / Simon, R.R. / Tagg, J.R.

Beneficial microbes. 2022 Feb. 28, v. 13, no. 1

2022

Abstract	The development of probiotics targeting non-intestinal body sites continues to generate interest amongst researchers, biotech companies and consumers alike. A key consideration for any bacterial strain to be developed into a probiotic is a robust assessment of its safety profile. Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 was originally isolated from a healthy adult and evaluated for its probiotic capabilities targeted to dental and oral health applications. This publication presents the safety characterisation of strain M18. Application of a diverse range of techniques showed that strain M18 can be specifically distinguished from other S. salivarius using a variety of molecular and phenotypic methodologies and that it lacks any relevant antibiotic resistance or virulence determinants. Direct comparison of the strain M18 safety profile with that of the prototype S. salivarius probiotic, S. salivarius strain K12, supports the proposition that strain M18 is indeed safe for probiotic application in humans.
Keywords	Streptococcus salivarius ; adults ; antibiotic resistance ; oral health ; phenotype ; probiotics ; prototypes ; safety assessment ; virulence
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0228
Size	p. 47-60.
Publishing place	Wageningen Academic Publishers
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2561259-1
ISSN	1876-2891 ; 1876-2883
ISSN (online)	1876-2891
ISSN	1876-2883
DOI	10.3920/BM2021.0107
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A survey of the knowledge and practices of nursing students of Mbarara University of Science and Technology around Monitoring Fluid Requirements for burns patients on surgical ward at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.

Atuhaire, Joan / Kajjimu, Jonathan / Kamya, Javilla Kakooza / Opio, Grifance / Lubega, Frank / Kakande, Reagan / Mwanje, William / Tagg, Andrew

BMC nursing

2022 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 258

Abstract: Background: There is a high mortality of burns especially in low- and middle-income countries which already have less developed healthcare systems. Besides, little is known about nursing students' knowledge and practices towards the need to monitor ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is a high mortality of burns especially in low- and middle-income countries which already have less developed healthcare systems. Besides, little is known about nursing students' knowledge and practices towards the need to monitor fluid requirements in admitted burns patients. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of nursing students regarding monitoring fluid requirements for hospitalised paediatrics and adult burn patients on the surgical ward at Mbarara regional referral hospital. Methods: We conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among clinical nursing students at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) during September and November 2021. We assessed knowledge and practices using an adapted questionnaire. Summary statistics were then used to describe the data. Results: Thirty-seven nursing students (64.9% response rate) participated in our survey. Twenty one (56.8%) were female and had a modal age range of 20-24 years. Nineteen (51.4%) of the students were BNC (Bachelor of Nursing Completion) students, with the rest being BNS (Bachelor of Nursing). More than 75% of students correctly answered each of two out of the ten questions. More than three quarters of the students reported having done each of six out of the eleven practices surveyed. Conclusion: Nursing students had poor knowledge and fair satisfactory practices regarding monitoring of the fluid requirements in burns patients. More similar studies are needed to survey more nursing students on this topic and to henceforth evaluate the need for periodic re-trainings and reassessment of clinical skills of nursing students.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091496-9
ISSN	1472-6955
ISSN	1472-6955
DOI	10.1186/s12912-022-01041-7
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Article ; Online: The role of emergency medicine interest groups in the development of emergency medicine: A case of Mbarara University of Science and Technology-Emergency Medicine Interest Group (MUST-EMIG) in Uganda.

Kajjimu, Jonathan / Odakha, Justine Athieno / Makai, Conrad / Kaginda, Beneth Tusiime / Nakachwa, Janat / Karungi, Annet / Lubega, Frank / Tukamuwebwa, Jespa / Kakande, Reagan / Lyon, Mary Ellen / Tagg, Andrew

African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence

2023 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 217–220

Abstract: Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) is a new specialty in Uganda. There is no current formal EM undergraduate curriculum. The Mbarara University of Science and Technology Emergency Medicine Interest Group (MUST-EMIG) was established to bridge this gap. ...

Abstract	Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) is a new specialty in Uganda. There is no current formal EM undergraduate curriculum. The Mbarara University of Science and Technology Emergency Medicine Interest Group (MUST-EMIG) was established to bridge this gap. This survey was done to assess the contributions of MUST-EMIG. Objectives of the study were to: discover students' reasons for joining the MUST-EMIG; assess whether interest in learning emergency medicine was affected by participation in MUST-EMIG; evaluate plans to pursue emergency medicine as a specialty before and after joining MUST-EMIG; determine whether MUST-EMIG affected students' perception of emergency medicine's importance in Uganda's health care system; and elicit feedback from students on their experience as members of MUST-EMIG. Methods: The MUST-EMIG executive developed a membership survey which was reviewed by MUST-EMIG's faculty advisor for suitability. Members of MUST-EMIG were voluntarily asked to participate in the online survey. Results of the survey were summarized using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results: 49 responses (46.7% response rate) were collected and analyzed. Participants included 29 (59.2%) male and 20 (40.8%) female medical students. The majority of participants were fourth year students 22 (44.9%). 44 (89.8%) students joined MUST-EMIG to learn how to handle medical emergencies, and expressed a desire of at least 6/10 to learn more about emergency medicine after utilizing opportunities provided by MUST-EMIG. Overall, students had a good experience with MUST-EMIG. They reported that our interest group had provided them networking, unique learning, and leadership opportunities. Having an EMIG significantly affects students' desire to pursue a career in emergency medicine and their perception of the relevance of emergency medicine. Discussion: An EMIG helps develop interest of medical students in emergency medicine. Students passionate about emergency medicine need to be supported to help them preserve and further develop this passion.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2211-4203
ISSN (online)	2211-4203
DOI	10.1016/j.afjem.2023.07.001
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Article: Skin Microbiome—The Next Frontier for Probiotic Intervention

McLoughlin, Isabella J. / Wright, Eva M. / Tagg, John R. / Jain, Rohit / Hale, John D. F.

Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins. 2022 Aug., v. 14, no. 4

2022

Abstract	The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and it orchestrates many functions that are fundamentally important for our survival. Although the skin might appear to present a relatively inhospitable or even hostile environment, a multitude of commensals and also some potentially pathogenic microorganisms have successfully adapted to survive and/or thrive within the diverse ecological niches created by the skin’s topographical architecture. Dysbiosis within these microbial populations can result in the emergence and pathological progression of skin diseases. Unsurprisingly, this has led to a new focus of research both for the medical dermatology and cosmetic industries that is concerned with modulation of the skin microbiome to help address common microbially mediated or modulated conditions such as acne, body odour, and atopic dermatitis. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of the complex relationship of the skin with its microbiome and then introduces the concept of probiotic intervention for the management of microbial dysbiosis within the skin ecosystem.
Keywords	acne ; atopic dermatitis ; dysbiosis ; ecosystems ; humans ; microbiome ; odors ; probiotics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Size	p. 630-647.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	2487792-X
ISSN	1867-1314 ; 1867-1306
ISSN (online)	1867-1314
ISSN	1867-1306
DOI	10.1007/s12602-021-09824-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence of burnout among university students in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kaggwa, Mark Mohan / Kajjimu, Jonathan / Sserunkuma, Jonathan / Najjuka, Sarah Maria / Atim, Letizia Maria / Olum, Ronald / Tagg, Andrew / Bongomin, Felix

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 8, Page(s) e0256402

Abstract: Background: Burnout is common among university students and may adversely affect academic performance. Little is known about the true burden of this preventable malady among university students in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).: Objectives: ...

Abstract	Background: Burnout is common among university students and may adversely affect academic performance. Little is known about the true burden of this preventable malady among university students in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Objectives: This study aimed to systematically estimate the prevalence of burnout among university students in LMICs. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online, and Embase from the inception of each database until February 2021. Original studies were included. No study design or language restrictions were applied. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using STATA version 16.0. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using Q-statistics and funnel plots, respectively. Results: Fifty-five unique articles, including a total of 27,940 (Female: 16,215, 58.0%) university students from 24 LMICs were included. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used in 43 studies (78.2%). The pooled prevalence of burnout was 12.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 11.9-12.3; I2 = 99.7%, Q = 21,464.1, p = < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of emotional exhaustion (feelings of energy depletion), cynicism (negativism), and reduced professional efficacy were, 27.8% (95% CI 27.4-28.3; I2 = 98.17%. p = <0.001), 32.6 (95% CI: 32.0-33.1; I2: 99.5%; p = < 0.001), and 29.9% (95% CI: 28.8-30.9; I2: 98.1%; p = < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Nearly one-third of university students in LMICs experience burnout. More studies are needed to understand the causes of burnout in this key population. There is a need to validate freely available tools for use in these countries.
MeSH term(s)	Academic Performance ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Developing Countries ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; Prevalence ; Students ; Universities ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0256402
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Article ; Online: A TaqMan™-based quantitative PCR screening assay for the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 based on the specific detection of its megaplasmid-associated salivaricin B locus.

Reid, Peter / Heng, Nicholas C K / Hale, John D / Krishnan, Deepti / Crane, Julian / Tagg, John R / Milne, Trudy J

Journal of microbiological methods

2020 Volume 170, Page(s) 105837

Abstract: In order to assess the colonization efficacy of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12, a rapid method for specific detection and enumeration of the strain was developed. Here, we describe a two-step TaqMan™ quantitative PCR assay using primer- ... ...

Abstract	In order to assess the colonization efficacy of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12, a rapid method for specific detection and enumeration of the strain was developed. Here, we describe a two-step TaqMan™ quantitative PCR assay using primer-probe combinations targeting genes of the locus encoding the lantibiotic bacteriocin salivaricin B.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Load/methods ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Plasmids/genetics ; Probiotics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Streptococcus salivarius/classification ; Streptococcus salivarius/genetics ; Streptococcus salivarius/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; salivaricin A (150952-06-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604916-3
ISSN	1872-8359 ; 0167-7012
ISSN (online)	1872-8359
ISSN	0167-7012
DOI	10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105837
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Article: Prevention of streptococcal pharyngitis by anti-Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by Streptococcus salivarius.

Tagg, J R

The Indian journal of medical research

2004 Volume 119 Suppl, Page(s) 13–16

Abstract: Background & objectives: Streptococcus salivarius is a numerically prominent member of the human oral microbiota that produces a variety of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) having in vitro inhibitory activity against S. pyogenes. Our ... ...

Abstract	Background & objectives: Streptococcus salivarius is a numerically prominent member of the human oral microbiota that produces a variety of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) having in vitro inhibitory activity against S. pyogenes. Our previous studies of S. salivarius isolates from children using a deferred antagonism BLIS production (P)-typing scheme showed that the 9 per cent of children having large populations of P-type 677 S. salivarius experienced fewer S. pyogenes acquisitions than either the 11 per cent of children having predominant P-type 226 populations or the 60 per cent of children with largely non-inhibitory (P-type 000) S. salivarius. Amongst the other BLIS P-types detected were a number of strongly-inhibitory (P-type 777) S. salivarius. In the present study the inhibitory agents produced by prototype strains of P-types 226, 677 and 777 S. salivarius are compared. Methods: The prototype BLIS-producing S. salivarius strains SN, 20P3, and K12 were isolated from tongue swabbings. BLIS P-typing was done using standard procedures. The BLIS molecules were purified and characterized. Results: S. salivarius SN (P-type 226) produces a heat-labile muramidase. S. salivarius 20P3 (P-type 677) produces the 2315 Da lantibiotic salivaricin A and S. salivarius K12 (P-type 777) produces two lantibiotics; salivaricin A2 (2368 Da) and salivaricin B (2733 Da). Interpretation & conclusion: The P-type 777 S. salivarius strain produced salivaricin A2 and salivaricin B. The combined production of two anti-S. pyogenes BLIS activities by this strain indicates that it could be adopted as a colonizing strain in bacterial interference trials.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacteriocins/isolation & purification ; Bacteriocins/pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pharyngitis/microbiology ; Pharyngitis/prevention & control ; Species Specificity ; Streptococcal Infections/microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Streptococcus/metabolism ; Streptococcus pyogenes/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Bacteriocins
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-05
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
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