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  1. Article ; Online: The Application of Transposon Insertion Sequencing in Identifying Essential Genes in B. fragilis.

    Veeranagouda, Yaligara / Wexler, Hannah M

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2021  Volume 2377, Page(s) 303–315

    Abstract: Essential genes are those that are indispensable for the survival of organism under specific growth conditions. Investigating essential genes in pathogenic bacteria not only helps to understand vital biological networks but also provides novel targets ... ...

    Abstract Essential genes are those that are indispensable for the survival of organism under specific growth conditions. Investigating essential genes in pathogenic bacteria not only helps to understand vital biological networks but also provides novel targets for drug development. Availability of genetic engineering tools and high-throughput sequencing methods has enabled essential genes identification in many pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis is one of the major bacteria specific of human gastrointestinal microbiota. When B. fragilis moves out of its niche, it turns into deadly pathogen. Here, we describe detailed method for the essential gene identification in B. fragilis. Generated transposon mutant pool can be used for other applications such as identification of genes responsible for drug resistance in B. fragilis.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Genes, Essential ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; DNA Transposable Elements
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-1720-5_16
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Bacteroides and related species: The keystone taxa of the human gut microbiota.

    Shin, Jae Hyun / Tillotson, Glenn / MacKenzie, Tiffany N / Warren, Cirle A / Wexler, Hannah M / Goldstein, Ellie J C

    Anaerobe

    2024  Volume 85, Page(s) 102819

    Abstract: Microbial communities play a significant role in maintaining ecosystems in a healthy homeostasis. Presently, in the human gastrointestinal tract, there are certain taxonomic groups of importance, though there is no single species that plays a keystone ... ...

    Abstract Microbial communities play a significant role in maintaining ecosystems in a healthy homeostasis. Presently, in the human gastrointestinal tract, there are certain taxonomic groups of importance, though there is no single species that plays a keystone role. Bacteroides spp. are known to be major players in the maintenance of eubiosis in the human gastrointestinal tract. Here we review the critical role that Bacteroides play in the human gut, their potential pathogenic role outside of the gut, and their various methods of adapting to the environment, with a focus on data for B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron. Bacteroides are anaerobic non-sporing Gram negative organisms that are also resistant to bile acids, generally thriving in the gut and having a beneficial relationship with the host. While they are generally commensal organisms, some Bacteroides spp. can be opportunistic pathogens in scenarios of GI disease, trauma, cancer, or GI surgery, and cause infection, most commonly intra-abdominal infection. B. fragilis can develop antimicrobial resistance through multiple mechanisms in large part due to its plasticity and fluid genome. Bacteroidota (formerly, Bacteroidetes) have a very broad metabolic potential in the GI microbiota and can rapidly adapt their carbohydrate metabolism to the available nutrients. Gastrointestinal Bacteroidota species produce short-chain fatty acids such as succinate, acetate, butyrate, and occasionally propionate, as the major end-products, which have wide-ranging and many beneficial influences on the host. Bacteroidota, via bile acid metabolism, also play a role in in colonization-resistance of other organisms, including Clostridioides difficile, and maintenance of gut integrity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bacteroides/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Microbiota ; Bile Acids and Salts/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Bile Acids and Salts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1237621-8
    ISSN 1095-8274 ; 1075-9964
    ISSN (online) 1095-8274
    ISSN 1075-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102819
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  3. Article: CRISPR-Cas Systems in

    Tajkarimi, Mehrdad / Wexler, Hannah M

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2017  Volume 8, Page(s) 2234

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02234
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  4. Article ; Online: Transposon Mutagenesis of Bacteroides fragilis.

    Veeranagouda, Yaligara / Husain, Fasahath / Wexler, Hannah M

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2019  Volume 2016, Page(s) 105–116

    Abstract: Bacteroides fragilis is Gram-negative obligatory anaerobe which usually resides in the gut of humans and animals. As an important member of the human gut microbiota it plays a vital role in digestion and absorption of nutrients as well as shaping of host ...

    Abstract Bacteroides fragilis is Gram-negative obligatory anaerobe which usually resides in the gut of humans and animals. As an important member of the human gut microbiota it plays a vital role in digestion and absorption of nutrients as well as shaping of host immune system. B. fragilis is also infamous for causing serious infections. Treatment of B. fragilis infections caused emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Molecular biology tools such as transposon mutagenesis help to decipher and understand commensal and pathogenic faces of B. fragilis. Using two mariner transposon vectors we describe the detailed methodology for the transposon mutagenesis of B. fragilis. We also describe two methods for the identification of transposon integration site (TIS) in transposon mutants. Transposon mutagenesis methods described in this chapter serve as a great tool for studying B. fragilis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteroides Infections/microbiology ; Bacteroides fragilis/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
    Chemical Substances DNA Transposable Elements
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-9570-7_10
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Pump it up: occurrence and regulation of multi-drug efflux pumps in Bacteroides fragilis.

    Wexler, Hannah M

    Anaerobe

    2012  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 200–208

    Abstract: Bacteroides fragilis is a gram-negative anaerobic commensal that can be a virulent pathogen when it escapes its normal niche in the human gut. Recent increases in reports of multi-drug resistance strains of this organism have lent urgency to ... ...

    Abstract Bacteroides fragilis is a gram-negative anaerobic commensal that can be a virulent pathogen when it escapes its normal niche in the human gut. Recent increases in reports of multi-drug resistance strains of this organism have lent urgency to understanding its mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. We have identified and characterized RND-type multi-drug efflux pumps in B. fragilis which can pump out a variety of substrates and whose transcription levels can be elevated by a wide variety of antimicrobials, antiseptic agents, bile and other stressors. Our research is directed toward understanding how the efflux pump genes are controlled and how we may exploit that understanding to develop more effective, targeted therapy that will cure the infection without disrupting the entire gut microbiome that is so important in many aspects of human health.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteroides fragilis/drug effects ; Bacteroides fragilis/metabolism ; Biological Transport, Active ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1237621-8
    ISSN 1095-8274 ; 1075-9964
    ISSN (online) 1095-8274
    ISSN 1075-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.12.017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Virtually delivered Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) reduces daily pain intensity in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy: a randomized controlled trial.

    Wexler, Ryan S / Fox, Devon J / ZuZero, Danielle / Bollen, Melissa / Parikshak, Anand / Edmond, Hannah / Lemau, Johnny / Montenegro, Diane / Ramirez, Jillian / Kwin, Sophia / Thompson, Austin R / Carlson, Hans L / Marshall, Lynn M / Kern, Thomas / Mist, Scott D / Bradley, Ryan / Hanes, Douglas A / Zwickey, Heather / Pickworth, Courtney K

    Pain reports

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) e1132

    Abstract: Introduction: Lumbosacral radiculopathy (LR), also known as sciatica, is a common type of radiating neurologic pain involving burning, tingling, and numbness in the lower extremities. It has an estimated lifetime prevalence as high as 43%.: Objectives! ...

    Abstract Introduction: Lumbosacral radiculopathy (LR), also known as sciatica, is a common type of radiating neurologic pain involving burning, tingling, and numbness in the lower extremities. It has an estimated lifetime prevalence as high as 43%.
    Objectives: The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the impact of virtually delivered Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) on patients with LR during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Methods: Potentially eligible patients were identified using electronic health record queries and phone screenings. Participants were then randomized to MORE or treatment-as-usual (TAU) for 8 weeks, with pain intensity assessed daily. At baseline and follow-up visits, participants completed questionnaires assessing the primary outcome, disability, as well as quality of life, depression, mindful reinterpretation of pain, and trait mindfulness.
    Results: In our study, patients undergoing virtual delivery of MORE had greater improvements in daily pain intensity (
    Conclusion: Among patients with lumbar radiculopathy, MORE significantly reduced daily pain intensity but did not decrease disability or depression symptoms. Given the long duration of symptoms in our sample, we hypothesize the discrepancy between changes in daily pain intensity and disability is due to fear avoidance behaviors common in patients with chronic pain. As the first trial of a mindfulness intervention in patients with LR, these findings should inform future integrative approaches to LR treatment, particularly when considering the increasing use of virtual interventions throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2471-2531
    ISSN (online) 2471-2531
    DOI 10.1097/PR9.0000000000001132
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  7. Article: Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty.

    Wexler, Hannah M

    Clinical microbiology reviews

    2007  Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 593–621

    Abstract: Summary: Bacteroides species are significant clinical pathogens and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%. The bacteria maintain a complex and generally beneficial relationship with the host when retained ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Bacteroides species are significant clinical pathogens and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%. The bacteria maintain a complex and generally beneficial relationship with the host when retained in the gut, but when they escape this environment they can cause significant pathology, including bacteremia and abscess formation in multiple body sites. Genomic and proteomic analyses have vastly added to our understanding of the manner in which Bacteroides species adapt to, and thrive in, the human gut. A few examples are (i) complex systems to sense and adapt to nutrient availability, (ii) multiple pump systems to expel toxic substances, and (iii) the ability to influence the host immune system so that it controls other (competing) pathogens. B. fragilis, which accounts for only 0.5% of the human colonic flora, is the most commonly isolated anaerobic pathogen due, in part, to its potent virulence factors. Species of the genus Bacteroides have the most antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the highest resistance rates of all anaerobic pathogens. Clinically, Bacteroides species have exhibited increasing resistance to many antibiotics, including cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones (e.g., gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteroides/classification ; Bacteroides/drug effects ; Bacteroides/growth & development ; Bacteroides/pathogenicity ; Bacteroides Infections/microbiology ; Bacteroides fragilis/growth & development ; Bacteroides fragilis/isolation & purification ; Bacteroides fragilis/pathogenicity ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Virulence
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645015-5
    ISSN 1098-6618 ; 0893-8512
    ISSN (online) 1098-6618
    ISSN 0893-8512
    DOI 10.1128/CMR.00008-07
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  8. Book: A clinical guide to anaerobic infections

    Finegold, Sydney M. / Baron, Ellen J. / Wexler, Hannah M.

    1992  

    Author's details Sydney M. Finegold ; Ellen Jo Baron ; Hannah M. Wexler
    Keywords Bacterial Infections ; Bacteria, Anaerobic
    Language English
    Size X, 159 S. : zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Star Publ
    Publishing place Belmont, Calif
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT006298817
    ISBN 0-89863-162-9 ; 978-0-89863-162-3
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    1994 A 2477 order for loan Magazin

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  9. Article: In vitro activity of ertapenem: review of recent studies.

    Wexler, Hannah M

    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

    2004  Volume 53 Suppl 2, Page(s) ii11–21

    Abstract: Ertapenem is a long-acting, 1beta-methyl parenteral Group 1 carbapenem antibiotic that has a broad antibacterial spectrum and once-a-day dosing supported by clinical studies. Ertapenem is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, ... ...

    Abstract Ertapenem is a long-acting, 1beta-methyl parenteral Group 1 carbapenem antibiotic that has a broad antibacterial spectrum and once-a-day dosing supported by clinical studies. Ertapenem is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and most species of anaerobic bacteria. Isolates from a variety of infections (intra-abdominal infections, skin/soft-tissue infections, community-acquired pneumonia, pelvic infections and urinary tract infections) are inhibited by ertapenem. It has restricted activity against nosocomial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, methicillin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci. Ertapenem has potent activity against the majority of anaerobic isolates from intra-abdominal infections, and against most of the aerobes isolated from these infections, with the exceptions of the nosocomial pathogens mentioned above. MIC(90)s for most species of Enterobacteriaceae were <1 mg/L, significantly lower than those of imipenem. MIC(90)s for most Bacteroides fragilis group isolates ranged from 1 to 4 mg/L, and MIC(90)s were species specific for Clostridium, ranging from 0.06 mg/L for Clostridium perfringens to 4 mg/L for Clostridium clostridioforme. Ertapenem was equivalent to or better than piperacillin-tazobactam in activity against most anaerobic species isolated from these infections, and was more potent than piperacillin-tazobactam and ceftriaxone against the most common skin pathogens (e.g. methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus). Ertapenem was highly active against most of the pathogens isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia, except for isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (which are infrequent causes of community-acquired infection); these isolates were also resistant to ceftriaxone. Resistance to ertapenem is most commonly attributable to a variety of mechanisms including alterations in penicillin-binding proteins in Gram-positive organisms, and combinations of potent metallo-beta-lactamase enzymes, porin protein defects and efflux pumps in Gram-negative organisms.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/drug effects ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy ; Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects ; Humans ; Lactams/pharmacology ; Lactams/therapeutic use ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; beta-Lactams
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Lactams ; beta-Lactams ; ertapenem (G32F6EID2H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 191709-2
    ISSN 1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
    ISSN (online) 1460-2091
    ISSN 0305-7453
    DOI 10.1093/jac/dkh204
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    Zs.MO 124: Show issues

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  10. Article ; Online: Transposon mutagenesis of Bacteroides fragilis using a mariner transposon vector.

    Veeranagouda, Yaligara / Husain, Fasahath / Wexler, Hannah M

    Anaerobe

    2013  Volume 22, Page(s) 126–129

    Abstract: The mariner transposon vector pYV07 was tested for use in the mutagenesis of Bacteroides fragilis 638R. The transposon vector efficiently generated mutants in B. fragilis 638R. The transposon disrupted genes were scattered throughout the genome of B. ... ...

    Abstract The mariner transposon vector pYV07 was tested for use in the mutagenesis of Bacteroides fragilis 638R. The transposon vector efficiently generated mutants in B. fragilis 638R. The transposon disrupted genes were scattered throughout the genome of B. fragilis 638R. This method serves as a powerful tool to study B. fragilis.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteroides fragilis/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Vectors ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/methods ; Transformation, Bacterial ; Transposases/genetics
    Chemical Substances DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; mariner transposases ; Transposases (EC 2.7.7.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1237621-8
    ISSN 1095-8274 ; 1075-9964
    ISSN (online) 1095-8274
    ISSN 1075-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.04.012
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