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Article: Predicting clinical outcome of cardiac patients by six malnutrition screening tools

Jayawardena, Ranil

BMC nutrition, 2:5

2016

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is highly prevalent among hospital admissions and associated with, poor response to medical treatment, prolonged hospital stay, increased mortality and cost to the state. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of the ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is highly prevalent among hospital admissions and associated with, poor response to medical treatment, prolonged hospital stay, increased mortality and cost to the state. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of the nutrition screening tools to predict the clinical outcome of cardiac patients. METHODS: Five hundred and twenty six patients underwent nutritional screening via Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tools on admission and each subject was followed up until discharge and after one month to identify the clinical course and outcome. RESULTS: The mean hospital stay was 5.3 days and median hospital stay was 4.0 days. The mean hospital stay is increasing with the malnutrition level in MUST, NRS, MNA-SF, MST, NRS and SGA tools. The inpatient mortality is higher in high risk nutritional categories of all six malnutrition screening tools. MNA-SF, MST and SGA tools demonstrate a positive relationship between non-prophylactic antibiotic usage and poor nutritional status. High risk nutritional categories of MNA-SF and MST are associated with prescription of multivitamin/minerals. According to MNA-SF, MST and SGA the follow up mortality was increased with worsening nutritional status. The incidence of readmissions was increased gradually with deteriorating nutritional status categorized by MUST, SNAQ, MST and SGA tools. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition may be associated with poor clinical outcome of the cardiac patients during and after the hospital stay. Each tool reported a variable prediction in outcomes such as death, infection and prolonged hospital stay due to the poor nutritional status.
Keywords	Cardiac patients ; Clinical outcome ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition screening tools ; Sri Lanka
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: Development of a food atlas for Sri Lankan adults

Jayawardena, Ranil / Herath, Manoja

BMC nutrition, 3:43

2017

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obtaining reliable food portion size estimations in dietary surveys found to be a difficult task. A food atlas is a set of photograph series depicting different amounts of a particular food, usually bound together in a single volume that can ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Obtaining reliable food portion size estimations in dietary surveys found to be a difficult task. A food atlas is a set of photograph series depicting different amounts of a particular food, usually bound together in a single volume that can be used to describe portion sizes. By this paper we aim to explain the methods used in developing a photographic food atlas for Sri Lankan adults and to discuss its usage, advantages and limitations. METHODS: Foods that are commonly consumed in Sri Lanka were recognized by a local nutritional survey, market survey and interviewing nutrition experts. In obtaining food items, certain dishes were prepared according to a standard recipe book while other items were purchased from recognized restaurants and the local market. White color crockery or/with blue color board was used to present the food items and they were photographed by a professional photographer employing a camera setup recommended for food photography. Three types of photographs have been used to illustrate the food items; serial, range and guide. Mainly the serial photographs were taken using two cameras: one fixed at an angle of 5° to capture aerial views, and the other placed at an angle of 45° to represent the view of a person of average height, sitting at a table, looking at a plate on the table in front of him. The liquid portion series were photographed at an angle of 90° to get life-size images. The range and guide photographs were taken free hand so that all the items could be captured in the best way possible. RESULTS: A total of 125 foods that are commonly consumed by Sri Lankan adults were selected to be depicted in the atlas; serial photographs of increasing portion sizes (n = 88 foods); range photographs depicting a range of sizes/varieties of a particular food, (n = 11), and guide photographs which represent the brands/types of a certain food item/category available in the market (n = 26). CONCLUSION: The food atlas will be a valuable resource for dietary surveys in Sri Lanka as well as in other South Asian countries where similar foods are consumed.
Keywords	Adults ; Food atlas ; Food photography ; Sri Lanka
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article ; Online: Impact of the economic crisis on food consumption of Sri Lankans: An online cross-sectional survey.

Sooriyaarachchi, Piumika / Jayawardena, Ranil

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

2023 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 102786

Abstract: Aims: This study investigated how the economic crisis has changed Sri Lankans' food consumption.: Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in the month of July 2022, using an e-questionnaire based on Google Forms. The questionnaire ...

Abstract	Aims: This study investigated how the economic crisis has changed Sri Lankans' food consumption. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in the month of July 2022, using an e-questionnaire based on Google Forms. The questionnaire assessed respondents' socio-demographics, food consumption, and dietary patterns before and during the economic crisis. The changes were compared using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 1095 respondents, aged ≥18 years were included in the survey. There was a significant reduction in the average consumption of main meals per day during the economic crisis (pre: 3.09 ± 0.42, post: 2.82 ± 0.47; P < 0.001). The intake of food items such as rice, bread, and snacks also reduced significantly (P < 0.001). The average daily milk intake frequency decreased from 1.41 ± 1.07 to 0.57 ± 0.80 meals/day (P < 0.001). On contrary, the intake of non-dairy beverages such as malted milk and "plain tea" has increased by several folds. Consumption of fruit and vegetables showed a significant reduction in both frequency and portion size. The consumption of meat, fish, eggs and dhal also decreased in around three-quarters of the study sample. During this period majority (81%) used food coping mechanisms and the most adopted strategy was buying less expensive food. Conclusion: Sri Lankans' food consumption have been adversely altered due to the country's economic crisis. There has been an overall reduction in the amount and frequency of intake of many common food items.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Sri Lanka/epidemiology ; Economic Recession ; Fruit ; Vegetables ; Feeding Behavior ; Diet
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2273766-2
ISSN	1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
ISSN (online)	1878-0334
ISSN	1871-4021
DOI	10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102786
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The effect of coconut oil and palm oil on anthropometric parameters: a clinical trial.

Swarnamali, Hasinthi / Ranasinghe, Priyanga / Jayawardena, Ranil

BMC nutrition

2024 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 9

Abstract: Background: During recent years several studies have investigated the impact of different dietary oils on body weight. They have shown differential positive and negative effects on anthropometry. We investigated the effects of palm and coconut oils on ... ...

Abstract	Background: During recent years several studies have investigated the impact of different dietary oils on body weight. They have shown differential positive and negative effects on anthropometry. We investigated the effects of palm and coconut oils on body weight and other anthropometric parameters, considering their importance as a primary source of saturated fat, controlling for other confounding variable such as total energy intake. Methods: The study was conducted as a sequential feeding clinical trial with 40 healthy men and women divided into two feeding periods of initial palm oil (8 weeks) and subsequent coconut oil (8 weeks), with a 16-week washout period in between. Each participant received a pre-determined volume of each oil, which were integrated into their routine main meals and snacks during the respective study periods. Changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were evaluated. Physical activity levels and dietary intake were also evaluated as potential confounding factors. Results: Thirty-seven participants completed both oil treatment periods. The mean (± SD) age of the participants was 39 (± 13.1) years. There were no significant differences in any of the anthropometric parameters between the initial point of feeding coconut oil and the initial point of feeding palm oil. Following both oil treatment phases, no significant changes in the subjects' body weight, BMI, or other anthropometric measurements (WC, HC, and WHR) were observed. Conclusion: Neither coconut oil nor palm oil significantly changed anthropometry-related cardiovascular risk factors such as body weight, BMI, WC, HC, and WHR. Trial registration: Sri Lankan Clinical Trial Registry: SLCTR/2019/034 on 4th October 2019 ( https://slctr.lk/trials/slctr-2019-034 ).
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2809847-X
ISSN	2055-0928 ; 2055-0928
ISSN (online)	2055-0928
ISSN	2055-0928
DOI	10.1186/s40795-023-00812-y
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Article ; Online: Perceived stress among Sri Lankans during the economic crisis

Piumika Sooriyaarachchi / Ranil Jayawardena

Journal of Ideas in Health, Vol 6, Iss

an online survey

2023 Volume 4

Abstract: Background: The Sri Lankan population's mental health was undoubtedly significantly impacted by the county’s economic crisis. This study investigated the prevalence of perceived stress and its socio-demographic predictor. Methods: A web-based cross- ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Sri Lankan population's mental health was undoubtedly significantly impacted by the county’s economic crisis. This study investigated the prevalence of perceived stress and its socio-demographic predictor. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in July-August 2022, using google forms. The respondents were assessed for socio-demographics, and the level of stress experienced over the previous month. Ten-item self-reported perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to assess stress levels analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used. Results: A total of 1214 respondents, aged ≥18 years were included in the survey. The majority were females (60%). The mean PSS score of this population was 21.95 ±6.09. More than half of the respondents reported moderate levels of stress (68.5%), while 23% registered high levels. A significant association was demonstrated between stress levels and variables age, gender, and residential area. Respondents below the age of 40 years (OR 1.936, 95% CI, 1.365-2.748, P<0.001) were more likely to report higher odds of having increased PSS scores, while men (OR 0.640, 95% CI, 0.491-0.835, P=0.001), and those without children (OR 0.556, 95% CI, 0.409-0.756, P<0.001) had significantly lower odds of reporting PSS. Conclusion: Respondents experienced moderate to high levels of stress during the financial crisis in Sri Lanka. Higher stress was predicted by younger age, female gender, and having children. The results highlight the urgent need for stress management interventions to boost resilience and improve psychological well-being in this situation.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Journal of Ideas in Health
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effect of coconut oil and palm oil on anthropometric parameters

Hasinthi Swarnamali / Priyanga Ranasinghe / Ranil Jayawardena

BMC Nutrition, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a clinical trial

2024 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Background During recent years several studies have investigated the impact of different dietary oils on body weight. They have shown differential positive and negative effects on anthropometry. We investigated the effects of palm and coconut ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background During recent years several studies have investigated the impact of different dietary oils on body weight. They have shown differential positive and negative effects on anthropometry. We investigated the effects of palm and coconut oils on body weight and other anthropometric parameters, considering their importance as a primary source of saturated fat, controlling for other confounding variable such as total energy intake. Methods The study was conducted as a sequential feeding clinical trial with 40 healthy men and women divided into two feeding periods of initial palm oil (8 weeks) and subsequent coconut oil (8 weeks), with a 16-week washout period in between. Each participant received a pre-determined volume of each oil, which were integrated into their routine main meals and snacks during the respective study periods. Changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were evaluated. Physical activity levels and dietary intake were also evaluated as potential confounding factors. Results Thirty-seven participants completed both oil treatment periods. The mean (± SD) age of the participants was 39 (± 13.1) years. There were no significant differences in any of the anthropometric parameters between the initial point of feeding coconut oil and the initial point of feeding palm oil. Following both oil treatment phases, no significant changes in the subjects’ body weight, BMI, or other anthropometric measurements (WC, HC, and WHR) were observed. Conclusion Neither coconut oil nor palm oil significantly changed anthropometry-related cardiovascular risk factors such as body weight, BMI, WC, HC, and WHR. Trial registration Sri Lankan Clinical Trial Registry: SLCTR/2019/034 on 4th October 2019 ( https://slctr.lk/trials/slctr-2019-034 ).
Keywords	Coconut oil ; Palm oil ; Clinical trial ; Anthropometric parameters ; Bodyweight ; Nutrition. Foods and food supply ; TX341-641 ; Food processing and manufacture ; TP368-456 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The impact of the Sri Lankan economic crisis on medication adherence: An online cross-sectional survey.

Jayawardena, Ranil / Kodithuwakku, Wasana / Sooriyaarachchi, Piumika

Dialogues in health

2023 Volume 2, Page(s) 100137

Abstract: Background: The economic crisis in Sri Lanka has disarrayed the country's healthcare services, posing a challenge to people with chronic diseases on routine care. This study investigated the changes in medication adherence during the economic crisis.: ...

Abstract	Background: The economic crisis in Sri Lanka has disarrayed the country's healthcare services, posing a challenge to people with chronic diseases on routine care. This study investigated the changes in medication adherence during the economic crisis. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in July-August 2022. It assessed socio-demographics, diseases, medication adherence, and reasons for changes in compliance of respondents and their family members during the economic crisis. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used. Findings: A total of 1214 respondents, aged ≥18 years were included in the survey. The majority were females (60%). The main finding was that 39%, 41%, and 37% of participants, their family members, or children respectively have changed medication use during the crisis. Among those who changed their medication practices, the most significant change was the change in the brand, reported by 44.7% of the respondents. A similar pattern was observed among other family members, with 61.3% of adults and 53.8% of children switching brands. Respondents who lived outside the Colombo district had a significantly increased risk of changing medication (OR = 1.425, 95% CI = 1.020-1.992, Interpretation: The population's adherence to medication is negatively impacted by the economic crisis in Sri Lanka.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-6533
ISSN (online)	2772-6533
DOI	10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100137
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Shift Work is Associated with an Elevated White Blood Cell Count: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sooriyaarachchi, Piumika / Jayawardena, Ranil / Pavey, Toby / King, Neil A

Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine

2023 Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 278–285

Abstract: The white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly in reaction to infections and certain chronic diseases. Shift employment increases the risk for chronic low-grade inflammation and the progression of several chronic diseases. The objective of this ...

Abstract	The white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly in reaction to infections and certain chronic diseases. Shift employment increases the risk for chronic low-grade inflammation and the progression of several chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the evidence from studies on total and differential WBC counts in shift employees. A literature search was performed in PubMed
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-30
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1456082-3
ISSN	1998-3670 ; 0973-2284 ; 0019-5278
ISSN (online)	1998-3670
ISSN	0973-2284 ; 0019-5278
DOI	10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_326_22
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Article ; Online: Development of a food exchange atlas for Sri Lankan adults

Jayawardena, Ranil / Jeyakumar, Dhanushya T. / Gamage, Manoja

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2023 May, v. 118 p.105154-

2023

Abstract: Food exchange refers to the food items on each list which may be substituted with any other food item on the same list. The aim of the present study was to develop a photographic food exchange list for Sri Lankan adults. The selected foods were ... ...

Abstract	Food exchange refers to the food items on each list which may be substituted with any other food item on the same list. The aim of the present study was to develop a photographic food exchange list for Sri Lankan adults. The selected foods were categorized into six food groups; cereals and equivalents, fruits, non-starchy vegetables, meat and equivalents, fat/oil and equivalents, milk and equivalents. One serving size of each food group was estimated based on their predominant macronutrients; 15 g of carbohydrate for cereals and fruits, 5 g of carbohydrate and 2 g of protein for vegetables, 7 g of proteins, and 2-8 g of fat for meat and equivalents, 12 g of carbohydrate, 8 g of protein and 0-8 g of fat for milk and equivalents, 5 g of fat for fat/oil and equivalents. The foods were filmed as per standard food photography guidelines. The real-size images were displayed. A total of 312 food items; 141 for cereals and equivalents, 66 for fruits, 28 for non-starchy vegetables, 45 for meat and equivalents, 21 for fat/oil and equivalents, and 11 for milk and equivalents were identified. One serving size of each food item varies within the same food group.
Keywords	carbohydrates ; food composition ; food groups ; meat ; milk ; oils ; photography ; Food exchange atlas ; Food exchange list ; Sri Lanka ; Food photography ; Serving size ; Macronutrients ; Nutritional tools
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	743572-1
ISSN	0889-1575 ; 1096-0481
ISSN	0889-1575 ; 1096-0481
DOI	10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105154
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Perceptions of the importance of sports nutrition knowledge and barriers in implementing them: a qualitative study among track and field stakeholders in Sri Lanka.

Jayawardena, Ranil / Weerasinghe, Kalani / Madhujith, Terrence / Hills, Andrew P / Kalupahana, Nishan

BMC nutrition

2024 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 17

Abstract: Background: Integrating the core aspects of sports nutrition knowledge [SNK] into the multidisciplinary team is critical to improving an athlete's performance and well-being. Conducting in-depth interviews with members of the sports-related team is a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Integrating the core aspects of sports nutrition knowledge [SNK] into the multidisciplinary team is critical to improving an athlete's performance and well-being. Conducting in-depth interviews with members of the sports-related team is a comprehensive method of gathering information on various aspects of SNK. This qualitative study aimed to examine the opinions and beliefs of stakeholders in athletics regarding the importance of SNK. Methods: Fifteen professional track and field athletes and stakeholders were recruited into the study. Separate in-depth interviews were conducted to collect information within four key themes. Practical difficulties in getting an appropriate meal were included in an additional theme. Thematic analysis was performed using NVIVO v10.0. Results: All participants were mindful of the importance of proper food habits for overall athletic outcomes and reported different opinions on meal timing and composition. The opinions on supplements were heterogeneous and both positive and negative claims were reported. Beliefs regarding hydration demonstrated that the cohort was well aware of the significance of adequate hydration plus the signs and consequences of dehydration with many reporting experiences of the negative consequences of dehydration. All respondents reported that both alcohol and smoking may have an adverse impact on performance and health. Conclusions: All respondents emphasized the importance of proper food habits for sports performance and well-being, but also identified barriers to optimizing nutrition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2809847-X
ISSN	2055-0928 ; 2055-0928
ISSN (online)	2055-0928
ISSN	2055-0928
DOI	10.1186/s40795-023-00817-7
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