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  1. Article ; Online: Overview of U.S. COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance systems.

    Gee, Julianne / Shimabukuro, Tom T / Su, John R / Shay, David / Ryan, Margaret / Basavaraju, Sridhar V / Broder, Karen R / Clark, Matthew / Buddy Creech, C / Cunningham, Francesca / Goddard, Kristin / Guy, Harrison / Edwards, Kathryn M / Forshee, Richard / Hamburger, Tanya / Hause, Anne M / Klein, Nicola P / Kracalik, Ian / Lamer, Chris /
    Loran, David A / McNeil, Michael M / Montgomery, Jay / Moro, Pedro / Myers, Tanya R / Olson, Christine / Oster, Matthew E / Sharma, Andrea J / Schupbach, Ryan / Weintraub, Eric / Whitehead, Brett / Anderson, Steven

    Vaccine

    2024  

    Abstract: The U.S. COVID-19 vaccination program, which commenced in December 2020, has been instrumental ... such as pregnant persons, was conducted. This report describes the U.S. government's COVID-19 vaccine safety ... monitoring systems and programs used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S ...

    Abstract The U.S. COVID-19 vaccination program, which commenced in December 2020, has been instrumental in preventing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 disease. Safety monitoring has been an essential component of the program. The federal government undertook a comprehensive and coordinated approach to implement complementary safety monitoring systems and to communicate findings in a timely and transparent way to healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public. Monitoring involved both well-established and newly developed systems that relied on both spontaneous (passive) and active surveillance methods. Clinical consultation for individual cases of adverse events following vaccination was performed, and monitoring of special populations, such as pregnant persons, was conducted. This report describes the U.S. government's COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring systems and programs used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Indian Health Service. Using the adverse event of myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination as a model, we demonstrate how the multiple, complementary monitoring systems worked to rapidly detect, assess, and verify a vaccine safety signal. In addition, longer-term follow-up was conducted to evaluate the recovery status of myocarditis cases following vaccination. Finally, the process for timely and transparent communication and dissemination of COVID-19 vaccine safety data is described, highlighting the responsiveness and robustness of the U.S. vaccine safety monitoring infrastructure during the national COVID-19 vaccination program.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.065
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  2. Article ; Online: It’s the Little Things

    Matthew S. Edwards

    Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol

    The Role of Microscopic Life Stages in Maintaining Kelp Populations

    2022  Volume 9

    Abstract: Kelp forests are experiencing broad scale declines in abundance and shifts in latitudinal ranges in many areas of the world due to numerous environmental stressors, especially those associated with climate change. While the majority of studies on kelp ... ...

    Abstract Kelp forests are experiencing broad scale declines in abundance and shifts in latitudinal ranges in many areas of the world due to numerous environmental stressors, especially those associated with climate change. While the majority of studies on kelp ecology have focused exclusively on the macroscopic sporophyte life stage, a growing number of studies is showing quite convincingly that the microscopic zoospore and gametophyte life stages can be important to establishing spatial patterns in these marine forests, and in facilitating their recovery following deforestation. Unfortunately, their microscopic sizes have made them difficult to study in the field, leading to a ‘black box’ surrounding what we know about their ecologies. However, advances in experimental methodologies and a growing number of laboratories studying kelp microscopic life stages are revealing how they are affected by variability in environmental conditions, and are providing a clearer picture of how kelp forests might respond to a changing ocean climate. These studies have largely revealed that kelps can disperse over a wide range of distances, enhanced by the synchronous release and vertical transport of zoospores into shallower water, and by floating rafts of reproductive thalli. Settlement on the benthos is facilitated by both positive and negative chemotaxis, and by active selection of microhabitats that favor their growth and survival. Following settlement and subsequent germination, the haploid gametophytes can delay their development and form a bank of microscopic forms that persist during periods that are unfavorable for the large sporophyte populations, or they can develop and undergo sexual reproduction during which they respond to variability in environmental conditions. In particular, they are strongly affected by increases in irradiance (PAR, UVA + UVB) and temperature, decreases in nutrients and salinity, and by sedimentation and grazing. However, the manner in which they respond to these stressors varies among species and with ...
    Keywords climate change ; gametophyte ; kelp ; microscopic ; recruitment ; sporophyte ; Science ; Q ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Reply to Letter to the Editor by Gowda S, et al.

    Nes, Emily / Edwards, Erika M / Jaksic, Tom

    Journal of pediatric surgery

    2024  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 80165-3
    ISSN 1531-5037 ; 0022-3468
    ISSN (online) 1531-5037
    ISSN 0022-3468
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.049
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  4. Article: Gentle Gassing by S.S. Cox, Not S.S. White.

    Edwards, Matthew L / Bause, George S

    Journal of anesthesia history

    2016  Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) 63–64

    MeSH term(s) Anesthesia/history ; Cartoons as Topic ; Gases ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Male ; Politics ; United States
    Chemical Substances Gases
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2352-4529
    ISSN 2352-4529
    DOI 10.1016/j.janh.2016.01.002
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  5. Article ; Online: Evidence of recent and ongoing admixture in the U.S. and influences on health and disparities.

    Seagle, Hannah M / Hellwege, Jacklyn N / Mautz, Brian S / Li, Chun / Xu, Yaomin / Zhang, Siwei / Roden, Dan M / McGregor, Tracy L / Velez Edwards, Digna R / Edwards, Todd L

    Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing

    2023  Volume 29, Page(s) 374–388

    Abstract: Many researchers in genetics and social science incorporate information about race in their work. However, migrations (historical and forced) and social mobility have brought formerly separated populations of humans together, creating younger generations ...

    Abstract Many researchers in genetics and social science incorporate information about race in their work. However, migrations (historical and forced) and social mobility have brought formerly separated populations of humans together, creating younger generations of individuals who have more complex and diverse ancestry and race profiles than older age groups. Here, we sought to better understand how temporal changes in genetic admixture influence levels of heterozygosity and impact health outcomes. We evaluated variation in genetic ancestry over 100 birth years in a cohort of 35,842 individuals with electronic health record (EHR) information in the Southeastern United States. Using the software STRUCTURE, we analyzed 2,678 ancestrally informative markers relative to three ancestral clusters (African, East Asian, and European) and observed rising levels of admixture for all clinically-defined race groups since 1990. Most race groups also exhibited increases in heterozygosity and long-range linkage disequilibrium over time, further supporting the finding of increasing admixture in young individuals in our cohort. These data are consistent with United States Census information from broader geographic areas and highlight the changing demography of the population. This increased diversity challenges classic approaches to studies of genotype-phenotype relationships which motivated us to explore the relationship between heterozygosity and disease diagnosis. Using a phenome-wide association study approach, we explored the relationship between admixture and disease risk and found that increased admixture resulted in protective associations with female reproductive disorders and increased risk for diseases with links to autoimmune dysfunction. These data suggest that tendencies in the United States population are increasing ancestral complexity over time. Further, these observations imply that, because both prevalence and severity of many diseases vary by race groups, complexity of ancestral origins influences health and disparities.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Humans ; Computational Biology ; Genetics, Population ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Software ; United States/epidemiology ; Racial Groups ; Population Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2335-6936
    ISSN (online) 2335-6936
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  6. Article ; Online: tRNA Modifications as a Readout of S and Fe-S Metabolism.

    Edwards, Ashley M / Addo, Maame A / Dos Santos, Patricia C

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2021  Volume 2353, Page(s) 137–154

    Abstract: Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) clusters function as core prosthetic groups known to modulate the activity ... to a variety of sulfur transfer proteins involved in Fe-S cluster synthesis as well as in the synthesis ... of other thiocofactors. Thus, sulfur and Fe-S cluster metabolism are connected through shared enzyme intermediates, and ...

    Abstract Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) clusters function as core prosthetic groups known to modulate the activity of metalloenzymes, act as trafficking vehicles for biological iron and sulfur, and participate in several intersecting metabolic pathways. The formation of these clusters is initiated by a class of enzymes called cysteine desulfurases, whose primary function is to shuttle sulfur from the amino acid L-cysteine to a variety of sulfur transfer proteins involved in Fe-S cluster synthesis as well as in the synthesis of other thiocofactors. Thus, sulfur and Fe-S cluster metabolism are connected through shared enzyme intermediates, and defects in their associated pathways cause a myriad of pleiotropic phenotypes, which are difficult to dissect. Post-transcriptionally modified transfer RNA (tRNA) represents a large class of analytes whose synthesis often requires the coordinated participation of sulfur transfer and Fe-S enzymes. Therefore, these molecules can be used as biologically relevant readouts for cellular Fe and S status. Methods employing LC-MS technology provide a valuable experimental tool to determine the relative levels of tRNA modification in biological samples and, consequently, to assess genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors modulating reactions dependent on Fe-S clusters. Herein, we describe a robust method for extracting RNA and analytically evaluating the degree of Fe-S-dependent and -independent tRNA modifications via an LC-MS platform.
    MeSH term(s) Cysteine ; Iron/metabolism ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; Sulfur/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Iron-Sulfur Proteins ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70) ; RNA, Transfer (9014-25-9) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Cysteine (K848JZ4886)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-1605-5_8
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  7. Article ; Online: Differences in Report of Post-COVID Conditions Among Adults Tested for SARS-CoV-2 by Race and Ethnicity: 2022 Porter Novelli SummerStyles Survey, U.S.

    Feldstein, Leora R / Edwards, Deja / Cope, Jennifer R / Hagen, Melissa Briggs / Saydah, Sharon

    AJPM focus

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 100181

    Abstract: ... 890 adults in the U.S.: Results: Overall, 57% (95% CI=54%, 60%) of respondents with positive SARS ...

    Abstract Introduction: Since March 2020, Hispanic and Black/African American persons have made up a disproportionate number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, little is known about whether the prevalence of postacute sequelae or post-COVID conditions differs by race/ethnicity.
    Methods: This study used cross-sectional survey data collected by Porter Novelli Public Services to determine the prevalence of ≥1 ongoing symptom lasting ≥4 weeks by SARS-CoV-2 test status and racial/ethnic groups among 2,890 adults in the U.S.
    Results: Overall, 57% (95% CI=54%, 60%) of respondents with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests reported ≥1 ongoing symptom, compared with 22% (95% CI=20%, 24%) of respondents who tested negative. Among those with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, Hispanic respondents had higher AORs of experiencing ≥1 ongoing symptom (AOR=1.79, 95% CI=1.27, 2.53) than non-Hispanic White respondents. In addition, Hispanic respondents had significantly higher ORs of experiencing 2 or more ongoing symptoms (AOR=2.03, 95% CI=1.45, 2.86), respiratory/cardiac symptoms (AOR=1.47, 95% CI=1.03, 2.07), neurologic symptoms (AOR=1.77, 95% CI=1.26, 2.48), and other symptoms (AOR=1.53, 95% CI=1.09, 2.14) than non-Hispanic White respondents. Non-Hispanic other respondents who reported at least 1 positive SARS-CoV-2 test had significantly higher ORs of experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms (AOR=4.06, 95% CI=1.78, 8.89) than non-Hispanic White respondents.
    Conclusions: These results highlight potential disparities in ongoing symptoms, even after accounting for demographic differences, and reinforce the need for culturally appropriate and targeted strategies to increase access to health care and reduce SARS-CoV-2 infections.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2773-0654
    ISSN (online) 2773-0654
    DOI 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100181
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  8. Article ; Online: A web-based review of global health programs in U.S. allopathic and osteopathic medical schools.

    Edwards, M K / An, C / Rohrbaugh, R / Peluso, M J / Lam, S K

    Medical teacher

    2022  Volume 44, Issue 12, Page(s) 1408–1412

    Abstract: Purpose: There is no current centralized database of structured global health programs at U.S ... characteristics, and requirements of non-degree, longitudinal, structured global health programs in U.S ... a web-based review of existing structured global health programs for the 154 U.S. allopathic ...

    Abstract Purpose: There is no current centralized database of structured global health programs at U.S. medical schools and no published review in the past decade. This study aims to describe the prevalence, characteristics, and requirements of non-degree, longitudinal, structured global health programs in U.S. allopathic and osteopathic medical schools.
    Materials and methods: In July 2021, the authors performed a web-based review of existing structured global health programs for the 154 U.S. allopathic medical schools and 35 U.S. osteopathic medical schools established prior to 2019.
    Results: Of 189 institutions examined, 74 (39%) had online information about a structured global health program. Forty-three (53%) programs reported coursework requirements, 44 (54%) required a global health experience, and one program required demonstration of language or cultural knowledge. More internally administered programs required experiential work, while more externally administered programs required didactic work. There were few differences in program requirements between allopathic and osteopathic medical schools.
    Conclusions: There has been a 75% increase over the past ten years in the number of U.S. allopathic medical schools with websites for structured global health programs. There appeared to be little standardization in their structure and requirements. The findings support the need for a web-based central repository for updated information regarding medical school global health curricula.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Curriculum ; Global Health ; Internet ; Osteopathic Medicine/education ; Schools, Medical ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 424426-6
    ISSN 1466-187X ; 0142-159X
    ISSN (online) 1466-187X
    ISSN 0142-159X
    DOI 10.1080/0142159X.2022.2099258
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  9. Article ; Online: Addressing Shortages of Mental Health Professionals in U.S. Jails and Prisons.

    Morris, Nathaniel P / Edwards, Matthew L

    Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 209–214

    Abstract: ... strategies used to address MHP shortages in U.S. jails and prisons, including compensation incentives ... the size of U.S. correctional populations or increase the number of MHPs across the country. ...

    Abstract Many jails and prisons in the United States do not have enough mental health professionals (MHPs) to meet the mental health needs of the people incarcerated in these facilities. This article examines strategies used to address MHP shortages in U.S. jails and prisons, including compensation incentives, telemental health services, interdisciplinary health care, flexible work schedules, and training rotations in correctional settings. These measures may help alleviate some of the shortages of MHPs in correctional facilities; however, these shortages will likely persist without broader policy reforms that decrease the size of U.S. correctional populations or increase the number of MHPs across the country.
    MeSH term(s) Health Personnel ; Health Services ; Humans ; Jails ; Mental Health ; Prisoners ; Prisons ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2233559-6
    ISSN 1940-5200 ; 1078-3458
    ISSN (online) 1940-5200
    ISSN 1078-3458
    DOI 10.1089/jchc.21.08.0072
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  10. Article ; Online: Influence of Chain Length of Gradient and Block Copoly(2-oxazoline)s on Self-Assembly and Drug Encapsulation.

    Sedlacek, Ondrej / Bardoula, Valentin / Vuorimaa-Laukkanen, Elina / Gedda, Lars / Edwards, Katarina / Radulescu, Aurel / Mun, Grigoriy A / Guo, Yong / Zhou, Junnian / Zhang, Hongbo / Nardello-Rataj, Véronique / Filippov, Sergey / Hoogenboom, Richard

    Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 17, Page(s) e2106251

    Abstract: ... oxazoline)s with different chain lengths to evaluate their potential for micellar drug delivery systems and ... nanoformulations are examined using copoly(2-oxazoline)s with varying chain lengths and comonomer ratios ...

    Abstract Amphiphilic gradient copolymers represent a promising alternative to extensively used block copolymers due to their facile one-step synthesis by statistical copolymerization of monomers of different reactivity. Herein, an in-depth analysis is provided of micelles based on amphiphilic gradient poly(2-oxazoline)s with different chain lengths to evaluate their potential for micellar drug delivery systems and compare them to the analogous diblock copolymer micelles. Size, morphology, and stability of self-assembled nanoparticles, loading of hydrophobic drug curcumin, as well as cytotoxicities of the prepared nanoformulations are examined using copoly(2-oxazoline)s with varying chain lengths and comonomer ratios. In addition to several interesting differences between the two copolymer architecture classes, such as more compact self-assembled structures with faster exchange dynamics for the gradient copolymers, it is concluded that gradient copolymers provide stable curcumin nanoformulations with comparable drug loadings to block copolymer systems and benefit from more straightforward copolymer synthesis. The study demonstrates the potential of amphiphilic gradient copolymers as a versatile platform for the synthesis of new polymer therapeutics.
    MeSH term(s) Curcumin/chemistry ; Drug Carriers/chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Micelles ; Polymers/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Drug Carriers ; Micelles ; Polymers ; Curcumin (IT942ZTH98)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-25
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2168935-0
    ISSN 1613-6829 ; 1613-6810
    ISSN (online) 1613-6829
    ISSN 1613-6810
    DOI 10.1002/smll.202106251
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