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  1. Article ; Online: B Cell Receptor Signaling and Protein Kinase D2 Support Regulatory B Cell Function in Pancreatic Cancer.

    Michaud, Daniel / Mirlekar, Bhalchandra / Steward, Colleen / Bishop, Gail / Pylayeva-Gupta, Yuliya

    Frontiers in immunology

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 745873

    Abstract: B cells can act as potent suppressors of anti-tumor T cell immunity, presenting a mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, B cells can display a T cell-suppressive or regulatory phenotype centered on the expression ... ...

    Abstract B cells can act as potent suppressors of anti-tumor T cell immunity, presenting a mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, B cells can display a T cell-suppressive or regulatory phenotype centered on the expression of the cytokine Interleukin 35 (IL-35). While B cell-mediated immunosuppression presents a barrier to anti-tumorigenic T cell function, it is not clear how regulatory B cell function could be targeted, and the signals that promote this suppressive phenotype in B cells are not well understood. Here we use a novel IL-35 reporter model to understand which signaling pathways are important for immunosuppressive properties in B cells.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology ; Interleukins/biosynthesis ; Interleukins/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology ; Protein Kinase D2/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction/immunology
    Chemical Substances Interleukins ; Protein Kinase D2 ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ; interleukin-35, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745873
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The workplace culture, mental health and wellbeing of early- and mid-career health academics: a cross-sectional analysis.

    Marck, Claudia H / Ayton, Darshini / Steward, Trevor / Koay, Hui-Fern / Wiley, Joshua F / Taiaroa, George / Walton, Courtney C / Weld-Blundell, Isabelle / Greaves, Matthew D / Singh, Ankur

    BMC public health

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 1122

    Abstract: There are reports of poor working conditions for early and mid-career academics (EMCAs) in universities, however, empirical data using validated tools are scarce. We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey using validated tools to assess workplace ... ...

    Abstract There are reports of poor working conditions for early and mid-career academics (EMCAs) in universities, however, empirical data using validated tools are scarce. We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey using validated tools to assess workplace satisfaction, exposure to workplace abuse, and mental health. Participants included employees of medical and health faculties of two of the largest Australian universities, surveyed between October 2020 and January 2021.Overall, 284 participants responded. Many reported job insecurity: half (50.7%) working on contracts with less than one remaining year. Workloads were considerable, with 89.5% of participants working overtime and 54.8% reporting burnout. Workplace abuse in the forms of bullying (46.6%), sexual harassment (25.3%), sexism (49.8%) and racism (22.5%) were commonly reported. Clinically significant symptoms of depression (28.0%), anxiety (21.7%) and suicidal ideation or self-harm (13.6%) were reported; with a higher prevalence among those working more overtime, and those exposed to workplace abuse. Priorities include providing a stable and safe workplace, increasing accountability and transparency in addressing workplace abuse, and supporting professional development.In summary, EMCAs in our study were commonly exposed to precarious employment conditions and workplace abuse. Our findings provide empirical evidence on where universities and funding bodies should direct resources and change organisational risk factors, to improve workplace culture.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Australia/epidemiology ; Workplace/psychology ; Workplace/statistics & numerical data ; Organizational Culture ; Middle Aged ; Universities ; Mental Health/statistics & numerical data ; Bullying/psychology ; Bullying/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; Burnout, Professional/psychology ; Job Satisfaction ; Sexual Harassment/statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Harassment/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041338-5
    ISSN 1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    ISSN 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-024-18556-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A Phenomenological Understanding of the Intersection-ality of Ageism and Racism Among Older Adults: Individual-Level Experiences.

    Steward, Andrew T / De Fries, Carson M / Dunbar, Annie Zean / Trujillo, Miguel / Zhu, Yating / Nicotera, Nicole / Hasche, Leslie

    The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences

    2023  Volume 78, Issue 5, Page(s) 880–890

    Abstract: ... The subthemes are (a) compounding oppression, (b) intersection of disparities, (c) White privilege, (d) racism ... overt or covert? and (g) racism versus ageism: differentiated or ubiquitous?: Discussion ...

    Abstract Objectives: Ageism is a prevalent, insidious social justice issue that has harmful effects on the health of older adults. Preliminary literature explores the intersectionality of ageism with sexism, ableism, and ageism experienced among LGBTQ+ older adults. Yet, the intersectionality of ageism with racism remains largely absent from the literature. Therefore, this study explores the lived experience of the intersectionality of ageism and racism among older adults.
    Methods: This qualitative study applied a phenomenological approach. Twenty participants 60+ years of age (M = 69, standard deviation = 8.84) in the U.S. Mountain West identifying as Black, Latino(a), Asian-American/Pacific Islander, Indigenous, or White engaged in a 1-hr interview between February and July 2021. A 3-cycle coding process applied constant comparison methods. Five coders independently coded interviews, engaging in critical discussion to resolve disagreements. An audit trail, member checking, and peer debriefing enhanced credibility.
    Results: This study focuses on individual-level experiences exemplified by 3 umbrella themes and 7 subthemes. The subthemes are (a) compounding oppression, (b) intersection of disparities, (c) White privilege, (d) racism and ageism: being tokenized or ignored, (e) ageism and racism: unspoken bias, (f) racism versus ageism: overt or covert? and (g) racism versus ageism: differentiated or ubiquitous?
    Discussion: The findings indicate how ageism may be racialized through stereotypes related to mental (in)capability. Practitioners can apply the findings to enhance support for older adults by designing interventions aimed at reducing racialized ageist stereotypes and increasing collaboration through education across anti-ageism/anti-racism initiatives. Future research should focus on the impacts of the intersectionality of ageism and racism on specific health outcomes in addition to structural-level interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Racism ; Ageism ; Social Discrimination
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1223664-0
    ISSN 1758-5368 ; 1079-5014
    ISSN (online) 1758-5368
    ISSN 1079-5014
    DOI 10.1093/geronb/gbad031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Conventional Film-Screen Principles of Exposure Selection in the Digital Age.

    Steward, Adam / Tarollo, Michael / Mandarano, Giovanni / Lombardi, Carla

    Radiologic technology

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 5, Page(s) 488–494

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods ; Technology, Radiologic ; X-Ray Intensifying Screens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 414079-5
    ISSN 1943-5657 ; 0033-8397
    ISSN (online) 1943-5657
    ISSN 0033-8397
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Smoking, health and academic outcomes: evidence from a limited smoking campus policy.

    Cannonier, Colin / Burke, Monica G / Steward, Kathryn

    Health economics, policy, and law

    2018  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 205–230

    Abstract: Although there is substantial literature on the impact of smoking laws, the number of studies that investigate the impact of such policies on college campuses is sparse. Using a rich data set from various waves of the American College Health Association ... ...

    Abstract Although there is substantial literature on the impact of smoking laws, the number of studies that investigate the impact of such policies on college campuses is sparse. Using a rich data set from various waves of the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment survey for a mid-sized public university in the southern United States, we investigate a possible causal link between a limited smoking policy and smoking behaviours, health and academic outcomes among college students. We employ propensity score matching methods to control for endogeneity of unobservable characteristics. Our results show a significant reduction in the propensity to smoke cigarettes and cigars following the introduction of the policy. Further, we find that the policy has increased academic outcomes; however, it has no significant effect on student health. These findings have important policy implications for schools that are considering instituting comprehensive smoking bans on college.
    MeSH term(s) Academic Success ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Health Policy ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organizational Policy ; Propensity Score ; Smoking Prevention ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Universities ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2214936-3
    ISSN 1744-134X ; 1744-1331
    ISSN (online) 1744-134X
    ISSN 1744-1331
    DOI 10.1017/S1744133118000245
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Real-world data evaluating Guy's rapid diagnostic clinic as an alternate pathway for patients with FIT levels below 10.

    Monroy-Iglesias, Maria Jose / Martin, Sabine / Cargaleiro, Carlos / Jones, Geraint / Steward, Lindsay / Murtagh, Colette / Bruno, Flaminia / Millwaters, Juliet / Schizas, Alexis / Watson, Harriet / Haire, Anna / Haire, Kate / Moss, Charlotte Louise / Russell, Beth / Srirajaskanthan, Raj / Van Hemelrijck, Mieke / Dolly, Saoirse

    BMJ open

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e080285

    Abstract: Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of rapid diagnostic clinics (RDCs) as an alternative pathway for patients with concerning symptoms and a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) result <10. Our primary endpoint was rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of rapid diagnostic clinics (RDCs) as an alternative pathway for patients with concerning symptoms and a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) result <10. Our primary endpoint was rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) detection. Second endpoints were rates of other cancers and gastrointestinal (GI) serious benign conditions. Finally, we analysed the specific pathway followed by FIT <10 patients with cancer at Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT) RDC.
    Design: A retrospective and prospective cohort study.
    Setting: GSTT RDC, one of England's largest single-centre RDCs. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of FIT <10 patients were analysed descriptively.
    Participants: Patients with an FIT result <10, seen at GSTT RDC between 1 January 2020 and 5 May 2023.
    Results: A total of 1299 patients with an FIT<10 were seen at GSTT RDC between January 2020 and May 2023. Of these, 66% (n=861) reported weight loss, 62% (n=805) pain, 37% (n=481) fatigue, 34% (n=444) were anaemic and 23% (n=301) had nausea and vomiting. Among these patients, 7% (n=88) received a cancer diagnosis, 36% (n=462) were identified as having a serious benign condition. Within the patients with cancer, 9% (n=8) were diagnosed with CRC. Among patients with serious benign conditions, 7% (n=31) were referred to colorectal, hepatopancreatobiliary, or upper GI specialists.
    Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of RDCs as an alternate pathway for FIT <10 patients with ongoing clinical concerns. These results contribute to enhancing patient care and optimising resource allocation within the healthcare system.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Rapid Diagnostic Tests ; Occult Blood ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Colonoscopy ; Feces/chemistry ; Hemoglobins/analysis
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080285
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Validity and reliability of short-term heart-rate variability from disposable electrocardiography leads.

    Okwose, Nduka C / Russell, Sophie L / Rahman, Mushidur / Steward, Charles J / Harwood, Amy E / McGregor, Gordon / Ninkovic, Srdjan / Maddock, Helen / Banerjee, Prithwish / Jakovljevic, Djordje G

    Health science reports

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) e984

    Abstract: Background and aims: Single-use electrocardiography (ECG) leads have been developed to reduce healthcare-associated infection. This study compared the validity and reliability of short-term heart rate variability (HRV) obtained from single-use ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Single-use electrocardiography (ECG) leads have been developed to reduce healthcare-associated infection. This study compared the validity and reliability of short-term heart rate variability (HRV) obtained from single-use disposable ECG leads.
    Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (33 ± 10 years; 9 females) underwent 5-min resting HRV assessments using disposable (single use) ECG cable and wire system (Kendall DL™ Cardinal Health) and a standard, reusable ECG leads (CardioExpress, Spacelabs Healthcare).
    Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) between disposable and reusable ECG leads was for the time domain [R-R interval (ms); 0.99 (0.91, 1.00)], the root mean square of successive normal R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (ms); 0.91 (0.76, 0.96), the SD of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN) (ms); 0.91 (0.68, 0.97) and frequency domain [low-frequency (LF) normalized units (nu); 0.90 (0.79, 0.95), high frequency (HF) nu; 0.91 (0.80, 0.96), LF power (ms
    Conclusion: Single-use Kendall DL™ ECG leads demonstrate a valid and reproducible tool for the assessment of HRV.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2398-8835
    ISSN (online) 2398-8835
    DOI 10.1002/hsr2.984
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: A distinct intra-individual suppression subnetwork in the brain's default mode network across cognitive tasks

    Leonards, Christine A. / Harrison, Ben J. / Jamieson, Alec J. / Steward, Trevor / Lux, Silke / Philipsen, Alexandra / Davey, Christopher G.

    Cerebral Cortex

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) 4553–4561

    Abstract: Suppression of the brain's default mode network (DMN) during external goal-directed cognitive tasks has been consistently observed in neuroimaging studies. However, emerging insights suggest the DMN is not a monolithic "task-negative" network but is ... ...

    Title translation Ein ausgeprägtes intra-individuelles Suppressions-Subnetzwerk im Ruhezustandsnetzwerk des Gehirns bei kognitiven Aufgaben
    Abstract Suppression of the brain's default mode network (DMN) during external goal-directed cognitive tasks has been consistently observed in neuroimaging studies. However, emerging insights suggest the DMN is not a monolithic "task-negative" network but is comprised of subsystems that show functional heterogeneity. Despite considerable research interest, no study has investigated the consistency of DMN activity suppression across multiple cognitive tasks within the same individuals. In this study, 85 healthy 15- to 25-year-olds completed three functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks that were designed to reliably map DMN suppression from a resting baseline. Our findings revealed a distinct suppression subnetwork across the three tasks that comprised traditional DMN and adjacent regions. Specifically, common suppression was observed in the medial prefrontal cortex, the dorsal-to-mid posterior cingulate cortex extending to the precuneus, and the posterior insular cortex and parietal operculum. Further, we found the magnitude of suppression of these regions were significantly correlated within participants across tasks. Overall, our findings indicate that externally oriented cognitive tasks elicit common suppression of a distinct subnetwork of the broader DMN. The consistency to which the DMN is suppressed within individuals suggests a domain-general mechanism that may reflect a stable feature of cognitive function that optimizes external goal-directed behavior.
    Keywords Biological Neural Networks ; Biologische Neuronale Netze ; Brain ; Cingulate Cortex ; Cingulärer Kortex ; Cognitive Ability ; Cognitive Processes ; Default Mode Network ; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie ; Gehirn ; Individual Differences ; Individuelle Unterschiede ; Inselkortex ; Insula ; Kognitive Fähigkeiten ; Kognitive Prozesse ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Präfrontaler Kortex ; Ruhezustandsnetzwerk
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1077450-6
    ISSN 1460-2199 ; 1047-3211
    ISSN (online) 1460-2199
    ISSN 1047-3211
    DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhac361
    Database PSYNDEX

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  9. Article ; Online: In vivo electrochemical lipolysis of fat in a Yucatan pig model: A proof of concept study.

    Park, Asher C / Chan, Carmen K / Hutchison, Dana M / Patel, Urja / Hong, Ellen M / Steward, Earl / Dilley, Katelyn K / Sterritt, Naya L / Kim, Sehwan / Hill, Michael G / You, Joon S / Wong, Brian J F

    Lasers in surgery and medicine

    2022  Volume 55, Issue 1, Page(s) 135–145

    Abstract: ... with increased dosimetry parameters with an average charge transfer of 12.5, 24.3, and 47.5 C transferred for 5 V ... V-ECLL for 5, 10, and 20 minutes, respectively, and 2.0, 11.5, and 24.0 C for -1.5 V P-ECLL, -2.5 V ...

    Abstract Objectives: Traditional fat contouring is now regularly performed using numerous office
    Methods: A 5-year-old Yucatan pig was treated with both V-ECLL and P-ECLL in the subcutaneous fat layer using 80:20 platinum:iridium needle electrodes along an 8 cm length. Dosimetry parameters included 5 V V-ECLL for 5, 10, and 20 minutes, and -1.5 V P-ECLL, -2.5 V P-ECLL, -3.5 V P-ECLL for 5 minutes. The pig was assessed for changes in fat reduction over 3 months with digital photography and ultrasound. After euthanasia, tissue sections were harvested and gross pathology and histology were examined.
    Results: V-ECLL and P-ECLL treatments led to visible fat reduction (12.1%-27.7% and 9.4%-40.8%, respectively) and contour changes across several parameters. An increased reduction of the superficial fat layer occurred with increased dosimetry parameters with an average charge transfer of 12.5, 24.3, and 47.5 C transferred for 5 V V-ECLL for 5, 10, and 20 minutes, respectively, and 2.0, 11.5, and 24.0 C for -1.5 V P-ECLL, -2.5 V P-ECLL, -3.5 V P-ECLL for 5 minutes, respectively. These dose-dependent changes were also evidenced by digital photography, gross pathology, ultrasound imaging, and histology.
    Conclusions: ECLL results in selective damage and long-lasting changes to the adipose layer in vivo. These changes are dose-dependent, thus allowing for more precise contouring of target areas. P-ECLL has greater efficiency and control of total charge transfer compared to V-ECLL, suggesting that a low-voltage potentiostat treatment can result in fat apoptosis equivalent to a high-voltage DC system.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Swine ; Lipolysis ; Proof of Concept Study ; Subcutaneous Fat/diagnostic imaging ; Lipectomy/methods ; Ultrasonography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604493-1
    ISSN 1096-9101 ; 0196-8092
    ISSN (online) 1096-9101
    ISSN 0196-8092
    DOI 10.1002/lsm.23620
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Frem1 activity is regulated by Sonic hedgehog signaling in the cranial neural crest mesenchyme during midfacial morphogenesis.

    McLaughlin, Matthew T / Sun, Miranda R / Beames, Tyler G / Steward, Austin C / Theisen, Joshua W M / Chung, Hannah M / Everson, Joshua L / Moskowitz, Ivan P / Sheets, Michael D / Lipinski, Robert J

    Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists

    2022  Volume 252, Issue 4, Page(s) 483–494

    Abstract: Background: Frem1 has been linked to human face shape variation, dysmorphology, and malformation, but little is known about its regulation and biological role in facial development.: Results: During midfacial morphogenesis in mice, we observed Frem1 ... ...

    Abstract Background: Frem1 has been linked to human face shape variation, dysmorphology, and malformation, but little is known about its regulation and biological role in facial development.
    Results: During midfacial morphogenesis in mice, we observed Frem1 expression in the embryonic growth centers that form the median upper lip, nose, and palate. Expansive spatial gradients of Frem1 expression in the cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme of these tissues suggested transcriptional regulation by a secreted morphogen. Accordingly, Frem1 expression paralleled that of the conserved Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) target gene Gli1 in the cNCC mesenchyme. Suggesting direct transcriptional regulation by Shh signaling, we found that Frem1 expression is induced by SHH ligand stimulation or downstream pathway activation in cNCCs and observed GLI transcription factor binding at the Frem1 transcriptional start site during midfacial morphogenesis. Finally, we found that FREM1 is sufficient to induce cNCC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and that Shh pathway antagonism reduces Frem1 expression during pathogenesis of midfacial hypoplasia.
    Conclusions: By demonstrating that the Shh signaling pathway regulates Frem1 expression in cNCCs, these findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying variation in midfacial morphogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; Hedgehog Proteins/genetics ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Neural Crest ; Morphogenesis/genetics ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Mesoderm/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Hedgehog Proteins ; N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine (77469-44-4) ; Frem1 protein, mouse ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1102541-4
    ISSN 1097-0177 ; 1058-8388
    ISSN (online) 1097-0177
    ISSN 1058-8388
    DOI 10.1002/dvdy.555
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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