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Article ; Online: Functional knee brace use for 21 h leads to a longer duration to achieve peak vertical ground reaction forces and the removal of the brace after 17.5 h results in faster loading of the knee joint.

Rishiraj, Neetu / Taunton, Jack E / Lloyd-Smith, Rob / Regan, William / Niven, Brian / Woollard, Robert

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA

2024 Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 1096–1104

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the landing strategies used after discontinuing and continuing the use of a functional knee brace (FKB) while performing a drop jump.: Methods: Following published methodology and power analysis, 23 uninjured male athletes, ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To investigate the landing strategies used after discontinuing and continuing the use of a functional knee brace (FKB) while performing a drop jump. Methods: Following published methodology and power analysis, 23 uninjured male athletes, mean age of 19.4 ± 3.0 years, performed seven tests, during three test conditions (nonbraced, braced and removed brace or continued brace use), over 6 days of 12 testing sessions (S) for a total of 38.5 h. Each subject was provided with a custom-fitted FKB. This study focuses on the single leg drop jump kinetics during S12 when subjects were randomly selected to remove the FKB after 17.5 h or continued use of FKB. The time to peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) and PVGRF were recorded on landing in eight trials. Results: After brace removal, a significantly shorter mean time to PVGRF was recorded (9.4 ± 22.9 msec (3.9%), p = 0.005, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -168.1, 36.1), while continued brace use required a nonsignificant (n.s.) longer mean duration to achieve PVGRF (19.4 ± 53.6 msec (8.9%), n.s., 95% CI: -49.7, 73.4). No significant mean PVGRF difference was found in brace removal (25.3 ± 65.8 N) and continued brace use (25.1 ± 23.0 N). Conclusion: Removal of FKB after 17.5 h of use led to a significantly shorter time to achieve PVGRF, while continued brace use for 21 h required a longer duration to achieve PVGRF, suggesting faster and slower knee joint loading, respectively. Understanding the concerns associated with the use of FKB and the kinetics of the knee joint will assist clinicians in counselling athletes about the risks and benefits of using an FKB. Level of evidence: Level II.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Braces ; Male ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Young Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Time Factors ; Weight-Bearing ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Device Removal
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1159064-6
ISSN	1433-7347 ; 0942-2056
ISSN (online)	1433-7347
ISSN	0942-2056
DOI	10.1002/ksa.12135
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Article: Correlation Between Intron 4 Polymorphism of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene and Cardiovascular Risk with the Numbers of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Healthy Subjects.

Rishiraj, Upasana / Rohilla, Sumati / Kaur, Savneet

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB

2017 Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 202–207

Abstract: ... association between the intronic 4 mutant a/b genotype and the combined Framingham risk factor score ...

Abstract	In the present study, we investigated the relationship between an important 27 bp repeat polymorphism in intron 4 of eNOS and numbers of circulating EPCs in presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of healthy human volunteers. The study comprised of 45 healthy subjects (30-50 years). These subjects had various degrees of CVD risk but no history of CVD. The repeat polymorphism of eNOS was detected by polymerase chain reaction and EPC levels were analyzed by flow cytometry. We observed a good association between the intronic 4 mutant a/b genotype and the combined Framingham risk factor score in our subjects (χ
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-18
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1033583-3
ISSN	0974-0422 ; 0970-1915
ISSN (online)	0974-0422
ISSN	0970-1915
DOI	10.1007/s12291-017-0662-5
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Book ; Online: Compactness of Hashing Modes and Efficiency beyond Merkle Tree

Andreeva, Elena / Bhattacharyya, Rishiraj / Roy, Arnab

2021

Abstract: ... based modes of operation -Our first construction is an \underline{A}ugmented \underline{B}inary T ...

Abstract	We revisit the classical problem of designing optimally efficient cryptographically secure hash functions. Hash functions are traditionally designed via applying modes of operation on primitives with smaller domains. The results of Shrimpton and Stam (ICALP 2008), Rogaway and Steinberger (CRYPTO 2008), and Mennink and Preneel (CRYPTO 2012) show how to achieve optimally efficient designs of $2n$-to-$n$-bit compression functions from non-compressing primitives with asymptotically optimal $2^{n/2-\epsilon}$-query collision resistance. Designing optimally efficient and secure hash functions for larger domains ($> 2n$ bits) is still an open problem. In this work we propose the new \textit{compactness} efficiency notion. It allows us to focus on asymptotically optimally collision resistant hash function and normalize their parameters based on Stam's bound from CRYPTO 2008 to obtain maximal efficiency. We then present two tree-based modes of operation -Our first construction is an \underline{A}ugmented \underline{B}inary T\underline{r}ee (ABR) mode. The design is a $(2^{\ell}+2^{\ell-1} -1)n$-to-$n$-bit hash function making a total of $(2^{\ell}-1)$ calls to $2n$-to-$n$-bit compression functions for any $\ell\geq 2$. Our construction is optimally compact with asymptotically (optimal) $2^{n/2-\epsilon}$-query collision resistance in the ideal model. For a tree of height $\ell$, in comparison with Merkle tree, the $ABR$ mode processes additional $(2^{\ell-1}-1)$ data blocks making the same number of internal compression function calls. -While the $ABR$ mode achieves collision resistance, it fails to achieve indifferentiability from a random oracle within $2^{n/3}$ queries. $ABR^{+}$ compresses only $1$ less data block than $ABR$ with the same number of compression calls and achieves in addition indifferentiability up to $2^{n/2-\epsilon}$ queries.
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Subject code	005
Publishing date	2021-04-30
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Weed Management in Rice under Different Planting Techniques

Singh, C.B / Hashim, Mohammad / Rishiraj / Kumar, Ashish / Pandey, Avnish Kumar / Pandey, U.C

Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development. 2018 May, v. 13, no. 2

2018

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at IARI Regional Station, Pusa, Bihar during 2013–14 and 2014–15 to evaluate the performance of different herbicides under various planting techniques in North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) of India. The experiment was ... ...

Abstract	A field experiment was conducted at IARI Regional Station, Pusa, Bihar during 2013–14 and 2014–15 to evaluate the performance of different herbicides under various planting techniques in North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) of India. The experiment was conducted in Split Plot Design allocated three crop establishment methods (Puddled Transplanted Rice, Direct Sowing Rice, Bed Planting, and System of Rice Intensification) in main plots and eight weed control measures including one weedy check in sub-plots and were replicated thrice. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) recorded the lowest weed density and weed dry weight as compared to other methods of planting. Significantly highest yield attributes and yields were recorded under SRI method followed by Puddled Transplanted Rice (PTR) and lowest values were recorded in Direct Seeded Rice (DSR). Among the chemical weed control measures, application of Bispyribac sodium + Pyrazosulfuron (100 ml +100 ml) was highly effective in controlling the weeds as its recorded lowest weed density and weed dry weight of 5.67m⁻² and 8.13gm⁻² followed by application of Bispyribac sodium + 2,4-D. Significantly higher weed control efficiency and weed control index were observed with the application of Bispyribac sodium + Pyrazosulfuron (100 ml+100 ml) (61.32% and 62.79%, respectively) followed by Bispyribac sodium + 2,4-D treated plots. Significantly, highest numbers of effective tillers m⁻² and grains per spike were recorded when weeds were controlled by two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT and were at par with Bispyribac sodium + Pyrazosulfuron. The highest grain yield was observed with the tank mix application of Bispyribac sodium + Pyrazosulfuron which was at par with tank mix application of Bispyribac sodium + 2,4-D and sole application of Bispyribac sodium and significant over rest of the treatments.
Keywords	2,4-D ; bispyribac-sodium ; chemical weed control ; direct seeding ; experimental design ; field experimentation ; grain yield ; plant establishment ; planting ; sustainable development ; weeds ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-05
Size	p. 245-250.
Publishing place	Society for Community Mobilization for Sustainable Development
Document type	Article
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ISSN	2231-6736
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Article: Injury profile of elite under-21 age female field hockey players.

Rishiraj, N / Taunton, J E / Niven, B

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness

2009 Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 71–77

Abstract: Aim: The objective of this paper was to identify the rate, profile, and severity of injuries associated with participating on a provincial/state hockey (field) and compare these data, where possible, with available ice hockey data.: Methods: An ... ...

Abstract	Aim: The objective of this paper was to identify the rate, profile, and severity of injuries associated with participating on a provincial/state hockey (field) and compare these data, where possible, with available ice hockey data. Methods: An injury was defined as ''any event, during team or team-related game, practice, and/or activity (on or off the playing surface), requiring any attention by the team's Therapist and/or Physician and subsequent game and/or practice time-loss''. Seventy-five players, under the age of 21 years participated in the study over a 5-year duration. All injury data were collected post-injury. Data were collected on the player position, games versus practice conditions, injury time, injury type, injury etiology, anatomical region and plane injured, injury status, and duration required to return to full activity. Results: A total of 2 828 athletes exposure's and 198 injuries were recorded. The combined injury rate was 70 injuries per 1 000 player game and practice exposures with significantly higher risk of injury resulting during the second half of a game or practice. Backs experienced the highest percentage and have a higher risk of injuries. The predominant injuries sustained included muscle strains, followed by tendonitis, while the highest number of injuries resulted from no contact. The lower back and ankle/foot were the most vulnerable to injury, followed by the knee. Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that hockey (field) players can experience higher injury rates than ice hockey. Also, field hockey players are at greater risk of injury depending on the playing position and are more likely to be injured during the latter duration of a game and/or practice. In identifying injury trends related to hockey, injury prevention strategies should be developed as players use limited protective equipment.
MeSH term(s)	Athletic Injuries/diagnosis ; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hockey/injuries ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Trauma Severity Indices ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410823-1
ISSN	1827-1928 ; 0022-4707
ISSN (online)	1827-1928
ISSN	0022-4707
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Article: Basal cell carcinoma: what dentists need to know.

Rishiraj, B / Epstein, J B

Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)

1999 Volume 130, Issue 3, Page(s) 375–380

Abstract: Background: Basal cell carcinoma, or BCC, is a malignant epithelial tumor of the skin, commonly seen in the head and neck. Because dentists routinely evaluate the head and neck, the authors present three examples of BCC of the face and jaw to help ... ...

Abstract	Background: Basal cell carcinoma, or BCC, is a malignant epithelial tumor of the skin, commonly seen in the head and neck. Because dentists routinely evaluate the head and neck, the authors present three examples of BCC of the face and jaw to help clinicians recognize the condition. They also provide a literature review regarding BCC's etiology, classification, treatment and prevention. Description of the disease: Sun exposure plays an important role in the development of BCC. The most susceptible people are those with minimal skin pigmentation. BCC is more frequently seen in men than in women. The most common form of BCC is the nodular type, which, if untreated, eventually ulcerates and may result in extensive local tissue destruction. The three cases described in this article highlight the range of BCC severity. Clinical implications: Oral health care providers may play an important role in the recognition and diagnosis of BCC involving the head and neck. Early recognition and diagnosis may lead to management that results in improved cure rates, with reduced morbidity and reduced treatment costs.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/classification ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/therapy ; Facial Neoplasms/classification ; Facial Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Facial Neoplasms/pathology ; Facial Neoplasms/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sex Ratio ; Skin Neoplasms/classification ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	220622-5
ISSN	1943-4723 ; 0002-8177 ; 1048-6364
ISSN (online)	1943-4723
ISSN	0002-8177 ; 1048-6364
DOI	10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0207
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Article ; Online: Outcome of paediatric cataract surgery with primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy using intra-operative preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide.

Gupta, Rohit / Ram, Jagat / Sukhija, Jaspreet / Singh, Rishiraj

Acta ophthalmologica

2014 Volume 92, Issue 5, Page(s) e358–61

Abstract: ... and Group B consists of 20 eyes in which triamcinolone were not used. Intra-operative complications ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate the intra-operative and postoperative outcome of paediatric cataract surgery with primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC) and anterior vitrectomy using intra-operative preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide. Methods: In this prospective, interventional case-control study, 20 Children who underwent cataract surgery for both eyes were enrolled and their eyes were randomized into two groups. Group A consists of 20 eyes in which standard phacoaspiration with PPC with intracameral triamcinolone was used, and Group B consists of 20 eyes in which triamcinolone were not used. Intra-operative complications and postoperative outcome like intraocular pressure (IOP), posterior synechiae, pigment deposits and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) were studied. Results: In both groups, age range varied between 2-8 years comprising 18 males and two females. The mean postoperative IOP did not show any significant variation during 6-month follow-up. In study group, all the 20 eyes were quiet at 2 weeks, while there was cellular reaction 1+ in four eyes (20%) and nil in 16 eyes (80%) at 2 week in the control group (p = 0.035). Pigment deposits on IOL optic was seen in two eyes (10%) of the study group while in control group, IOL deposits were present in 14 eyes (70%) (p = 0.001). Posterior capsule opacification was seen in two eyes (10%) in control group at 3 months while none occurred in study group. Conclusions: Intra-operative use of preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide led to less anterior chamber inflammation and pigment deposits on IOL optic postoperatively compared to those eyes where it was not used.
MeSH term(s)	Capsule Opacification/prevention & control ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology ; Intraoperative Complications ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Phacoemulsification/methods ; Posterior Capsulotomy/methods ; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical ; Prospective Studies ; Staining and Labeling/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/therapeutic use ; Uveitis, Anterior/prevention & control ; Vitrectomy/methods ; Vitreous Body/pathology
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical ; Triamcinolone Acetonide (F446C597KA)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2408333-1
ISSN	1755-3768 ; 1755-375X
ISSN (online)	1755-3768
ISSN	1755-375X
DOI	10.1111/aos.12375
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Article ; Online: Functional knee brace use effect on peak vertical ground reaction forces during drop jump landing.

Rishiraj, Neetu / Taunton, Jack E / Lloyd-Smith, Robert / Regan, William / Niven, Brian / Woollard, Robert

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA

2012 Volume 20, Issue 12, Page(s) 2405–2412

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing functional knee braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-braced (NBR condition) subjects and also ...

Abstract	Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing functional knee braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects. Methods: Twenty-three healthy male provincial and national basketball and field hockey athletes (age, 19.4 ± 3.0 years) were tested. Each subject was provided with a custom-fitted FKB. Five NBR testing sessions were performed over 3 days followed by five BR testing sessions also over 3 days, for a total of 17.5 h of testing per condition. Each subject performed eight trials of the drop jump task during each testing session per condition. Single-leg peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) and the time to PVGRF were recorded for each NBR and BR trail. Results: The BR group mean PVGRF at landing was significantly lower (1,628 ± 405 N, 2.1 ± 0.5 BW versus 1,715 ± 403 N, 2.2 ± 0.5 BW, F (1,22) = 6.83, P = 0.01) compared with NBR subjects, respectively. The group mean time to PVGRF was not statistically longer during the BR condition (F (1,22) = 0.967, P = 0.3). Further, an accommodation trend was noted as percent performance difference decreased with continued FKB use. Conclusions: The significantly lower group mean PVGRF while using a FKB could keep traumatic forces from reaching the ACL until the active neuromuscular restraints are activated to provide protection to the knee joint ligaments. Also, accommodation to FKB is possible after approximately 14.0 h of brace use. The results of this paper will assist clinicians in providing information to their patients regarding a FKB ability to offer protection to an ACL-deficient knee or to address concerns about early muscle fatigue, energy expenditure, heart rate, and decrease in performance level. Level of evidence: Prospective study, Level I.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Basketball/physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Braces ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hockey/physiology ; Humans ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Task Performance and Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-02-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1159064-6
ISSN	1433-7347 ; 0942-2056
ISSN (online)	1433-7347
ISSN	0942-2056
DOI	10.1007/s00167-012-1911-z
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Article: Effect of Different Planting Techniques and Weed-control Measures on Growth Yield and Weed Control of Rice in North Eastern Plain Zone of India

Singh, C.B / Hashim, Mohammad / , Rishiraj / Pandey, Avnish Kumar / Pandey, U.C / Singh, Ranbir / Kumar, Arvind

Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development. 2017 July, v. 12, no. 2

2017

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at IARI Regional Station, Pusa, Bihar during 2013–14 and 2014–15 to evaluate the performance of different herbicides under various planting techniques in NEPZ of India. The experiment was conducted in Split Plot Design ... ...

Abstract	A field experiment was conducted at IARI Regional Station, Pusa, Bihar during 2013–14 and 2014–15 to evaluate the performance of different herbicides under various planting techniques in NEPZ of India. The experiment was conducted in Split Plot Design allocated three crop establishment methods (Puddled Transplanted Rice, Direct Sowing Rice, Bed Planting, and System of Rice Intensification) in main plots and eight weed control measures including one weedy check in sub-plots and replicated thrice. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) recorded the lowest weed density and weed dry weight as compared to other methods of planting. Significantly highest yield attributes and yields were recorded under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method followed by Puddled Transplanted Rice (PTR) and lowest values were recorded in Direct Seeded Rice (DSR). Among the chemical weed control measures, application of Bispyribac sodium + Pyrazosulfuron (100 ml + 100 ml) was highly effective in controlling the weeds as its recorded lowest weed density and weed dry weight of 5.67 m⁻² and 8.13 g m⁻² followed by application of Bispyribac sodium + 2, 4-D. Significantly higher weed control efficiency and weed control index were observed with the application of Bispyribac sodium + Pyrazosulfuron (100 ml + 100 ml) (61.32% and 62.79%, respectively) followed by Bispyribac sodium + 2, 4-D treated plots. Significantly, highest numbers of effective tillers m⁻² and grains per spike were recorded when weeds were controlled by two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT and were at par with Bispyribac sodium + Pyrazosulfuron. The highest grain yield was observed with the tank mix application of Bispyribac sodium + Pyrazosulfuron which was at par with tank mix application of Bispyribac sodium + 2, 4-D and sole application of Bispyribac sodium and significant over rest of the treatments.
Keywords	bispyribac-sodium ; chemical weed control ; direct seeding ; experimental design ; field experimentation ; grain yield ; plant establishment ; planting ; sustainable development ; weeds ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-07
Size	p. 317-322.
Publishing place	Society for Community Mobilization for Sustainable Development
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	2231-6736
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Functional knee brace use by non-injured subjects while performing an anaerobic capacity task: preliminary study.

Rishiraj, N / Taunton, J E / Lloyd-Smith, R / Niven, B / Regan, W / Woollard, R

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness

2010 Volume 50, Issue 4, Page(s) 422–427

Abstract: Aim: The objective of this paper was to investigate if performance was hindered in non-injured braced athletes during an anaerobic task. If performance was affected, could accommodation to wearing a knee brace occur and thus decreasing performance ... ...

Abstract	Aim: The objective of this paper was to investigate if performance was hindered in non-injured braced athletes during an anaerobic task. If performance was affected, could accommodation to wearing a knee brace occur and thus decreasing performance hindrance concern while using a functional knee brace (FKB). Methods: A 2x3 non-braced (NBr) and braced repeated measure factorial design. Five healthy athletes completed all testing. Subjects performed the Repeated High Intensity Shuttle Test (RHIST) over six days (three days NBr and three days braced). Running times were recorded each testing day to determine performance measures and percent fatigue levels while using a FKB and if accommodation to FKB use was possible. Results: Non significant (F1,4=1.42, P=0.299) faster group mean performance time, was recorded for braced subjects relative to the non-braced condition. Although relatively faster performance levels were noted during the braced testing conditions during days 1 and 3 compared to the non-braced condition, these results were also not significant (F2,8=2.82, P=0.118). Lower percent fatigue level was recorded during all three braced days compared to non-braced days. Further, a tendency for accommodation to knee brace trend use was noted as the percentage performance difference between the two conditions had decreased by the last day of testing. Conclusion: Use of a knee brace did not hinder performance once accommodation to using the knee brace occurred and fatigue was not a factor while using a knee brace. Additional research, using a larger sample size and longer testing duration, is required to confirm the potential accommodation trend.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological ; Adult ; Anaerobic Threshold/physiology ; Braces ; Exercise Test ; Fatigue/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Male ; Pilot Projects ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-12
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410823-1
ISSN	1827-1928 ; 0022-4707
ISSN (online)	1827-1928
ISSN	0022-4707
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