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  1. Book: Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection

    Bogard, James S. / Downing, Darryl J. / Coleman, Robert L. / Eckerman, Keith F. / Turner, James E.

    2023  

    Author's details James S. Bogard is a Senior Health Physicist in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and an Adjunct Professor in the Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Anthropology at the University of Tennessee. He is the author or co-author of over 85 articles, technical reports and presentations, including a workbook of health physics problems and solutions. Dr. Bogard is a past president of the American Academy of Health Physics, a Fellow of the Health Physics Society and a Distinguished Alumnus of Texas State University. Darryl J. Downing is Vice President, Statistical and Quantitative Sciences, at GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical company. He was previously a member of the research staff at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and led the Statistics Group for 10 of his 20 years at ORNL. Dr. Downing graduated from the University of Florida in 1974 with a Ph.D. in Statistics. He has authored over 50 publications and has been a Fellow of the American Statistical Association since 2002. He is also a member of the Int
    Keywords Electrical & Electronics Engineering ; Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik ; Medical & Health Physics ; Medical Science ; Medizin ; Medizinische Physik ; Physics ; Physik ; Physik in Medizin u. Gesundheitswesen ; Radiologie u. Bildgebende Verfahren ; Radiology & Imaging ; Sensoren ; Instrumente u. Messung ; Sensors ; Instrumentation & Measurement
    Language English
    Size 584 p.
    Edition 4
    Publisher Verlag Wiley VCH
    Document type Book
    Note PDA Manuell_19
    Format 176 x 249 x 34
    ISBN 9783527413522 ; 3527413529
    Database PDA

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  2. Article ; Online: Biography of Joanne R Lupton (1944-2020).

    Turner, Nancy D / Chapkin, Robert S

    The Journal of nutrition

    2022  Volume 152, Issue 4, Page(s) 914–916

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1093/jn/nxac022
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  3. Article ; Online: Neural dynamics underlying self-control in the primate subthalamic nucleus.

    Pasquereau, Benjamin / Turner, Robert S

    eLife

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in neural processes that regulate self-control. Still uncertain, however, is how that brain structure participates in the dynamically evolving estimation of value that underlies the ... ...

    Abstract The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in neural processes that regulate self-control. Still uncertain, however, is how that brain structure participates in the dynamically evolving estimation of value that underlies the ability to delay gratification and wait patiently for a gain. To address that gap in knowledge, we studied the spiking activity of neurons in the STN of monkeys during a task in which animals were required to remain motionless for varying periods of time in order to obtain food reward. At the single-neuron and population levels, we found a cost-benefit integration between the desirability of the expected reward and the imposed delay to reward delivery, with STN signals that dynamically combined both attributes of the reward to form a single integrated estimate of value. This neural encoding of subjective value evolved dynamically across the waiting period that intervened after instruction cue. Moreover, this encoding was distributed inhomogeneously along the antero-posterior axis of the STN such that the most dorso-posterior-placed neurons represented the temporal discounted value most strongly. These findings highlight the selective involvement of the dorso-posterior STN in the representation of temporally discounted rewards. The combination of rewards and time delays into an integrated representation is essential for self-control, the promotion of goal pursuit, and the willingness to bear the costs of time delays.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Subthalamic Nucleus/physiology ; Reward ; Primates ; Motivation ; Self-Control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.83971
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  4. Article ; Online: Neural dynamics underlying self-control in the primate subthalamic nucleus

    Benjamin Pasquereau / Robert S Turner

    eLife, Vol

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in neural processes that regulate self-control. Still uncertain, however, is how that brain structure participates in the dynamically evolving estimation of value that underlies the ... ...

    Abstract The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in neural processes that regulate self-control. Still uncertain, however, is how that brain structure participates in the dynamically evolving estimation of value that underlies the ability to delay gratification and wait patiently for a gain. To address that gap in knowledge, we studied the spiking activity of neurons in the STN of monkeys during a task in which animals were required to remain motionless for varying periods of time in order to obtain food reward. At the single-neuron and population levels, we found a cost–benefit integration between the desirability of the expected reward and the imposed delay to reward delivery, with STN signals that dynamically combined both attributes of the reward to form a single integrated estimate of value. This neural encoding of subjective value evolved dynamically across the waiting period that intervened after instruction cue. Moreover, this encoding was distributed inhomogeneously along the antero-posterior axis of the STN such that the most dorso-posterior-placed neurons represented the temporal discounted value most strongly. These findings highlight the selective involvement of the dorso-posterior STN in the representation of temporally discounted rewards. The combination of rewards and time delays into an integrated representation is essential for self-control, the promotion of goal pursuit, and the willingness to bear the costs of time delays.
    Keywords delay discounting ; goal pursuit ; subthalamic nucleus ; cost–benefit valuation ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Detecting rhythmic spiking through the power spectra of point process model residuals.

    Cox, Karin M / Kase, Daisuke / Znati, Taieb / Turner, Robert S

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: Oscillations figure prominently as neurological disease hallmarks and neuromodulation targets. To detect oscillations in a neuron's spiking, one might attempt to seek peaks in the spike train's power spectral density (PSD) which exceed a flat ...

    Abstract Objective: Oscillations figure prominently as neurological disease hallmarks and neuromodulation targets. To detect oscillations in a neuron's spiking, one might attempt to seek peaks in the spike train's power spectral density (PSD) which exceed a flat baseline. Yet for a non-oscillating neuron, the PSD is not flat: The recovery period ("RP", the post-spike drop in spike probability, starting with the refractory period) introduces global spectral distortion. An established "shuffling" procedure corrects for RP distortion by removing the spectral component explained by the inter-spike interval (ISI) distribution. However, this procedure sacrifices oscillation-related information present in the ISIs, and therefore in the PSD. We asked whether point process models (PPMs) might achieve more selective RP distortion removal, thereby enabling improved oscillation detection.
    Approach: In a novel "residuals" method, we first estimate the RP duration (
    Main results: We compared the residuals and shuffling methods' ability to enable accurate oscillation detection with flat baseline-assuming tests. Over synthetic data, the residuals method generally outperformed the shuffling method in classification of true- versus false-positive oscillatory power, principally due to enhanced sensitivity in sparse spike trains. In single-unit data from the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and ventrolateral anterior thalamus (VLa) of a parkinsonian monkey -- in which alpha-beta oscillations (8-30 Hz) were anticipated -- the residuals method reported the greatest incidence of significant alpha-beta power, with low firing rates predicting residuals-selective oscillation detection.
    Significance: These results encourage continued development of the residuals approach, to support more accurate oscillation detection. Improved identification of oscillations could promote improved disease models and therapeutic technologies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.09.08.556120
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  6. Article ; Online: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Competencies and Professional Development Needs Among Chief Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists.

    Cole, Austin L / Simmons, Virginia C / Turner, Barbara S / Whitehurst, Robert / Tola, Denise H

    AANA journal

    2024  Volume 92, Issue 2, Page(s) 105–113

    Abstract: This project sought to explore the experiences, self-perceived preparation, professional development needs, and preferred learning methods of certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) in a management role. A sample of 10 current chief CRNAs ... ...

    Abstract This project sought to explore the experiences, self-perceived preparation, professional development needs, and preferred learning methods of certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) in a management role. A sample of 10 current chief CRNAs responded to a demographics survey and participated in one-on-one interviews using a 14-question, semi-structured interview framework modified from a previous study. Interview responses were deidentified and qualitatively analyzed for common themes by two content experts and one qualitative analysis expert. Results suggest that CRNAs entering the management field feel somewhat unprepared to perform the administrative tasks associated with their role. Qualitative analysis of interview responses elicited multiple key themes including interpersonal communication and handling crucial conversations, time and organizational management skills, team building and motivation, and financial management skills. Themes related to preferred learning methods of chief CRNAs included mentorship, peer networking, and experiential learning to obtain the required knowledge and skills for the role. The authors recommend incorporating each of the identified themes to guide development of CRNA management-specific educational programs. Establishing such a program will serve to better prepare aspiring CRNA managers and further develop the knowledge and skillset of current chief CRNAs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nurse Anesthetists ; RNA, Complementary ; Communication ; Motivation ; Peer Group
    Chemical Substances RNA, Complementary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603605-3
    ISSN 2162-5239 ; 0094-6354
    ISSN (online) 2162-5239
    ISSN 0094-6354
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  7. Article ; Online: Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19.

    Allen, Robert / Turner, Matthew / deSouza, Ian S

    American family physician

    2022  Volume 105, Issue 2, Page(s) 131–132

    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives ; Adenosine Monophosphate/therapeutic use ; Alanine/analogs & derivatives ; Alanine/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; remdesivir (3QKI37EEHE) ; Adenosine Monophosphate (415SHH325A) ; Alanine (OF5P57N2ZX)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 412694-4
    ISSN 1532-0650 ; 0002-838X ; 0572-3612
    ISSN (online) 1532-0650
    ISSN 0002-838X ; 0572-3612
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  8. Article ; Online: Determination of Optimal Eosinophil Thresholds for Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Gastritis and Duodenitis: A Pooled Analysis of 4 Prospective Studies.

    Dellon, Evan S / Bortey, Enoch / Chang, Alan T / Paterson, Craig A / Turner, Kevin / Genta, Robert M

    Clinical and translational gastroenterology

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e00656

    Abstract: Introduction: Consensus is lacking regarding the number of eosinophils (eos) required for the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastritis (EoG) and eosinophilic duodenitis (EoD). In addition, thresholds that require multiple high-power fields (HPFs) may not be ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Consensus is lacking regarding the number of eosinophils (eos) required for the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastritis (EoG) and eosinophilic duodenitis (EoD). In addition, thresholds that require multiple high-power fields (HPFs) may not be practical for clinical use, resulting in delayed or missed diagnoses. This pooled analysis of 4 prospective studies assessed thresholds for multiple and single HPFs used to diagnose EoG and EoD.
    Methods: Studies included the phase 2 ENIGMA1, the phase 3 ENIGMA2, an EoG/EoD prevalence study and a healthy volunteer study. Eos were quantified in the epithelium and lamina propria for controls and symptomatic participants. Symptomatic participants were further divided by histologic diagnosis of EoG/EoD. Peak eos counts were assessed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed to identify eos cutoffs for detection of EoG/EoD using the Youden index and sensitivity and specificity equality approaches.
    Results: Based on the highest specificity analysis in 740 patients, the optimal eos threshold was determined to be 20 eos/HPF in 5 gastric HPFs for EoG (71% sensitivity and 94% specificity) and 33 eos/HPF in 3 duodenal HPFs for EoD (49% sensitivity and 100% specificity). For single-field analysis, the optimal eos thresholds were 33 eos/HPF (EoG) and 37 eos/HPF (EoD), both corresponding to 93% sensitivity and 93% specificity.
    Discussion: Highly specific single gastric and duodenal HPF thresholds may have more clinical applicability than thresholds requiring multiple HPFs and could better facilitate development of practical histopathologic guidelines to aid pathologists and clinicians in the detection and diagnosis of EoG and/or EoD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Eosinophils/pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Duodenitis/diagnosis ; Duodenitis/pathology ; Eosinophilia/diagnosis ; Enteritis ; Gastritis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2581516-7
    ISSN 2155-384X ; 2155-384X
    ISSN (online) 2155-384X
    ISSN 2155-384X
    DOI 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000656
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  9. Article ; Online: Non-oesophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases are undersuspected clinically and underdiagnosed pathologically.

    Genta, Robert M / Dellon, Evan S / Turner, Kevin O

    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics

    2022  Volume 56, Issue 2, Page(s) 240–250

    Abstract: Background: Non-oesophageal gastrointestinal eosinophilic diseases (EGID) are considered rare. However, low disease awareness among clinicians and pathologists may contribute to underdiagnosis.: Aims: To determine how frequently requests to evaluate ... ...

    Abstract Background: Non-oesophageal gastrointestinal eosinophilic diseases (EGID) are considered rare. However, low disease awareness among clinicians and pathologists may contribute to underdiagnosis.
    Aims: To determine how frequently requests to evaluate for EGID accompany gastrointestinal biopsies and in what proportion of suspected cases pathologists address these requests, either confirming or refuting the clinical suspicion.
    Methods: All cases in which biopsy requisitions included an explicit suspicion of EGID were extracted from a large clinicopathologic database and manually reviewed for accuracy. The diagnoses for these cases were then analysed to determine whether clinical suspicions were confirmed, refuted or ignored.
    Results: Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) was suspected in 12.8% of 903,516 patients with biopsies and confirmed in 14.9% of them. A suspicion of eosinophilic gastritis accompanied <0.001% of 1,438,206 gastric biopsy sets and was confirmed in 11.5% of them; eosinophilic duodenitis was suspected in 0.02% of ~675,519 patients with duodenal biopsies and confirmed in 8.0% of these; eosinophilic colitis was mentioned in <0.001% of 2,504,485 patients with colonic biopsies and confirmed in 0.1% of them. Less than 3% of endoscopists mentioned non-oesophageal EGID in the requisition, while most expressed a clinical suspicion of Barrett oesophagus, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, celiac disease and microscopic colitis (in 21.2%, 49.2%, 1% and 6.4% of the cases, respectively).
    Conclusions: Gastroenterologists and pathologists commonly address and diagnose EoE. In contrast, both clinical suspicion and diagnosis of non-oesophageal EGID are extremely rare. Increased clinical awareness might result in a better understanding of the epidemiology and improved diagnosis of these still elusive conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Enteritis/diagnosis ; Enteritis/epidemiology ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis/diagnosis ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis/epidemiology ; Gastritis/diagnosis ; Gastritis/epidemiology ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639012-2
    ISSN 1365-2036 ; 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    ISSN (online) 1365-2036
    ISSN 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    DOI 10.1111/apt.16971
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    Zs.A 2206: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Individual differences in frequency and impact of daily memory lapses: results from a national lifespan sample.

    Mogle, Jacqueline / Turner, Jennifer R / Bhargava, Sakshi / Stawski, Robert S / Almeida, David M / Hill, Nikki L

    BMC geriatrics

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 670

    Abstract: Background: Everyday memory problems are believed to increase with age, leading many researchers to focus on older ages when examining reports of memory lapses. However, real world memory lapses are ubiquitous across the adult lifespan, though less is ... ...

    Abstract Background: Everyday memory problems are believed to increase with age, leading many researchers to focus on older ages when examining reports of memory lapses. However, real world memory lapses are ubiquitous across the adult lifespan, though less is known about the types of problems and their impacts at younger ages. The current study examined occurrence and impacts of memory lapses using daily diaries in a broad age range and whether characteristics of lapses varied across age, gender, or education level.
    Methods: Using an 8-day daily diary protocol, 2,018 individuals (ages 25-91) provided reports of their experiences of two types of daily memory lapses (retrospective and prospective) as well as the impact those lapses had on their emotional and functional well-being that day. Using multilevel modeling, we examined the likelihood of reporting memory lapses and their impacts on daily life and whether these depended on age, gender, or education level.
    Results: Participants reported lapses on approximately 40% of days; retrospective memory lapses were significantly more likely than prospective lapses. Older ages and higher education level were related to greater likelihood of reporting retrospective lapses. Women (compared to men) were more likely to report prospective memory lapses. Women also tended to report greater impacts of their memory lapses. Lower education levels were related to greater impacts of memory lapses compared to higher education levels. Interestingly, age was not related to impacts of lapses.
    Discussion: Our results indicate that memory lapses are common across the lifespan and that those individuals more likely to report lapses are not necessarily those that experience the greatest impacts of those lapses on daily life. Additional work is needed to understand the daily experience of memory lapses and how they differentially affect individuals regardless of age, gender, and education.
    Conclusions: Memory lapses are an important aspect of daily life across the lifespan and require measurement in an individual's real-world environments. Better measurement of these experiences will allow the development of more sensitive measures of changes in cognitive functioning that may impact an individual's ability to live independently.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Longevity ; Retrospective Studies ; Individuality ; Memory Disorders/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/epidemiology ; Memory Disorders/psychology ; Cognition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2059865-8
    ISSN 1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
    ISSN (online) 1471-2318
    ISSN 1471-2318
    DOI 10.1186/s12877-023-04363-6
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