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  1. Article ; Online: Impaired sleep homeostasis in children with epilepsy.

    Amzica, Florin

    Developmental medicine and child neurology

    2023  Volume 65, Issue 5, Page(s) 598–599

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Epilepsy/complications ; Sleep ; Homeostasis ; Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80369-8
    ISSN 1469-8749 ; 0012-1622
    ISSN (online) 1469-8749
    ISSN 0012-1622
    DOI 10.1111/dmcn.15547
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  2. Article ; Online: What does burst suppression really mean?

    Amzica, Florin

    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B

    2015  Volume 49, Page(s) 234–237

    Abstract: This paper describes the various electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns expressed by the comatose brain, starting with the sleep-like oscillations associated with light coma. Deeper coma generally displays a burst-suppression pattern characterized by ... ...

    Abstract This paper describes the various electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns expressed by the comatose brain, starting with the sleep-like oscillations associated with light coma. Deeper coma generally displays a burst-suppression pattern characterized by alternating episodes of isoelectric (flat) EEG and bursting slow waves. The latter are the result of cortical hyperexcitability, as demonstrated by intracellular recordings in anesthetized animals. Further deepening of the coma yields to continuous isoelectric electroencephalogram and eventually results in a newly discovered type of spiky waves that have been termed Nu-complexes. The paper discusses the structures participating in the genesis of burst suppression, the afferent mechanisms, and the reasons for which this activity should or should not be regarded as an epileptic disorder. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Status Epilepticus".
    MeSH term(s) Coma/physiopathology ; Electroencephalography/drug effects ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Humans ; Status Epilepticus/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2010587-3
    ISSN 1525-5069 ; 1525-5050
    ISSN (online) 1525-5069
    ISSN 1525-5050
    DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.06.012
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  3. Article ; Online: Comment on "The human K-complex represents an isolated cortical down-state".

    Amzica, Florin

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2010  Volume 330, Issue 6000, Page(s) 35; author reply 35

    Abstract: Cash et al. (Reports, 22 May 2009, p. 1084) argue that the human K-complex, a defining characteristic of slow-wave sleep, is a unipolar electroencephalogram (EEG) wave reflecting a simple neuronal hyperpolarizing event. We disagree with this conclusion ... ...

    Abstract Cash et al. (Reports, 22 May 2009, p. 1084) argue that the human K-complex, a defining characteristic of slow-wave sleep, is a unipolar electroencephalogram (EEG) wave reflecting a simple neuronal hyperpolarizing event. We disagree with this conclusion and point to several confounding aspects of the study.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; Neurons/physiology ; Sleep Stages/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-08-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.1182138
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  4. Article ; Online: Spike-wave seizures: cortical or thalamic?

    Amzica, Florin

    Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2009  Volume 120, Issue 12, Page(s) 1999

    MeSH term(s) Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Humans ; Seizures/diagnosis ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Thalamus/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1463630-x
    ISSN 1872-8952 ; 0921-884X ; 1388-2457
    ISSN (online) 1872-8952
    ISSN 0921-884X ; 1388-2457
    DOI 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.09.013
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  5. Article ; Online: Basic physiology of burst-suppression.

    Amzica, Florin

    Epilepsia

    2009  Volume 50 Suppl 12, Page(s) 38–39

    MeSH term(s) Action Potentials/physiology ; Blood-Brain Barrier/physiopathology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Coma/physiopathology ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Electroencephalography/statistics & numerical data ; Epilepsy/diagnosis ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Humans ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology ; Neurons/physiology ; Status Epilepticus/chemically induced ; Status Epilepticus/diagnosis ; Status Epilepticus/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 216382-2
    ISSN 1528-1167 ; 0013-9580
    ISSN (online) 1528-1167
    ISSN 0013-9580
    DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02345.x
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  6. Article: Participation of cortical glial cells to the genesis of spike-wave seizures.

    Amzica, Florin

    Advances in neurology

    2006  Volume 97, Page(s) 173–182

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Clocks/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Neuroglia/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Sleep/physiology ; Wakefulness/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ISSN 0091-3952
    ISSN 0091-3952
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  7. Article: Physiology of sleep and wakefulness as it relates to the physiology of epilepsy.

    Amzica, Florin

    Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society

    2002  Volume 19, Issue 6, Page(s) 488–503

    Abstract: This paper reviews the present knowledge about the cellular origins of vigilance states (wakefulness and slow-wave sleep) from the perspective of their involvement in the triggering of epileptic seizures. The data stem from intracellular recordings (most ...

    Abstract This paper reviews the present knowledge about the cellular origins of vigilance states (wakefulness and slow-wave sleep) from the perspective of their involvement in the triggering of epileptic seizures. The data stem from intracellular recordings (most of them dual impalements of pairs of neurons and glia), extracellular ionic concentrations (mainly K and Ca ) and simultaneous intracortical field potentials from the cortex of cats. These data were corroborated with recordings from naturally sleeping animals and humans. It is shown that sleep is dominated by a cortically generated slow (<1 Hz) oscillation resulting from the complex interplay within networks of neurons and glia, which are modulated by the more diffuse action of extracellular currents of ions. Wakefulness is produced through the activation of brainstem and basal forebrain structures, which disrupt sleep oscillations and elicit a global change of the extraneuronal milieu, with profound modifications of glial and cerebral blood flow parameters. Paroxysmal events arising during quiet sleep evolve within the cortex from normal slow sleep oscillations. The synchronization of large cortical and eventually subcortical territories relies on the propagation of increased currents of K through the glial syncytium, which compensate for the reduced synaptic efficacy due to the depletion of extracellular Ca.
    MeSH term(s) Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Arousal/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Humans ; Narcolepsy/physiopathology ; Neuroglia/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Sleep/physiology ; Wakefulness/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-12-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605640-4
    ISSN 1537-1603 ; 0736-0258
    ISSN (online) 1537-1603
    ISSN 0736-0258
    DOI 10.1097/00004691-200212000-00002
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  8. Article: In vivo electrophysiological evidences for cortical neuron-glia interactions during slow (<1 Hz) and paroxysmal sleep oscillations.

    Amzica, Florin

    Journal of physiology, Paris

    2002  Volume 96, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 209–219

    Abstract: The cortical activity results from complex interactions within networks of neurons and glial cells. The dialogue signals consist of neurotransmitters and various ions, which cross through the extracellular space. Slow (<1 Hz) sleep oscillations were ... ...

    Abstract The cortical activity results from complex interactions within networks of neurons and glial cells. The dialogue signals consist of neurotransmitters and various ions, which cross through the extracellular space. Slow (<1 Hz) sleep oscillations were first disclosed and investigated at the neuronal level where they consist of an alternation of the membrane potential between a depolarized and a hyperpolarized state. However, neuronal properties alone could not account for the mechanisms underlying the oscillatory nature of the sleeping cortex. Here I will show the behavior of glial cells during the slow sleep oscillation and its relationship with the variation of the neuronal membrane potential (pairs of neurons and glia recorded simultaneously and intracellularly) suggesting that, in contrast with previous assumptions, glial cells are not idle followers of neuronal activity. I will equally present measurements of the extracellular concentration of K(+) and Ca(2+), ions known to modulate the neuronal excitability. They are also part of the ionic flux that is spatially buffered by glial cells. The timing of the spatial buffering during the slow oscillation suggests that, during normal oscillatory activity, K(+) ions are cleared from active spots and released in the near vicinity, where they modulate the excitability of the neuronal membrane and contribute to maintain the depolarizing phase of the oscillation. Ca(2+) ions undergo a periodic variation of their extracellular concentration, which modulates the synaptic efficacy. The depolarizing phase of the slow oscillation is associated with a gradual depletion of the extracellular Ca(2+) promoting a progressive disfacilitation in the network. This functional synaptic neuronal disconnection is responsible for the ending of the depolarizing phase of the slow oscillation and the onset of a phasic hyperpolarization during which the neuronal network is silent and the intra- and extracellular ionic concentrations return to normal values. Spike-wave seizures often develop during sleep from the slow oscillation. Here I will show how the increased gap junction communication substantiates the facility of the glial syncytium to spatially buffer K(+) ions that were uptaken during the spike-wave seizures, and therefore contributing to the long-range recruitment of cortical territories. Similar mechanisms as those described during the slow oscillation promote the periodic (2-3 Hz) recurrence of spike-wave complexes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Communication/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Neuroglia/cytology ; Neuroglia/physiology ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/physiology ; Sleep/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-11-25
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1141200-8
    ISSN 1769-7115 ; 0928-4257
    ISSN (online) 1769-7115
    ISSN 0928-4257
    DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(02)00008-6
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  9. Article ; Online: Cellular mechanisms underlying EEG waveforms during coma.

    Amzica, Florin / Kroeger, Daniel

    Epilepsia

    2011  Volume 52 Suppl 8, Page(s) 25–27

    Abstract: This paper describes the various electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns expressed by the comatose brain, starting with the sleep-like oscillations associated with light coma. Deeper coma generally displays a burst-suppression pattern characterized by ... ...

    Abstract This paper describes the various electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns expressed by the comatose brain, starting with the sleep-like oscillations associated with light coma. Deeper coma generally displays a burst-suppression pattern characterized by alternating episodes of isoelectric (flat) EEG and bursting slow waves. The latter are the result of cortical hyperexcitability, as demonstrated by intracellular recordings in anesthetized animals. Further deepening of the coma yields to continuous isoelectric EEG and eventually results in a newly discovered type of spiky waves that have been termed ν-complexes. They originate in the hippocampus as a result of intrinsically generated oscillations (ripples) in the delta range.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/physiopathology ; Brain Waves ; Coma/diagnosis ; Coma/physiopathology ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 216382-2
    ISSN 1528-1167 ; 0013-9580
    ISSN (online) 1528-1167
    ISSN 0013-9580
    DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03229.x
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  10. Article ; Online: Electropolymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Coatings for Implantable Deep-Brain-Stimulating Microelectrodes.

    Bodart, Côme / Rossetti, Nicolò / Hagler, Jo'Elen / Chevreau, Pauline / Chhin, Danny / Soavi, Francesca / Schougaard, Steen Brian / Amzica, Florin / Cicoira, Fabio

    ACS applied materials & interfaces

    2019  Volume 11, Issue 19, Page(s) 17226–17233

    Abstract: Conducting polymers have been widely explored as coating materials for metal electrodes to improve neural signal recording and stimulation because of their mixed electronic-ionic conduction and biocompatibility. In particular, the conducting polymer poly( ...

    Abstract Conducting polymers have been widely explored as coating materials for metal electrodes to improve neural signal recording and stimulation because of their mixed electronic-ionic conduction and biocompatibility. In particular, the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is one of the best candidates for biomedical applications due to its high conductivity and good electrochemical stability. Coating metal electrodes with PEDOT has shown to enhance the electrode's performance by decreasing the impedance and increasing the charge storage capacity. However, PEDOT-coated metal electrodes often have issues with delamination and stability, resulting in decreased device performance and lifetime. In this work, we were able to electropolymerize PEDOT coatings on sharp platinum-iridium recording and stimulating neural electrodes and demonstrated its mechanical and electrochemical stability. Electropolymerization of PEDOT:tetrafluoroborate was carried out in three different solvents: propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, and water. The stability of the coatings was assessed via ultrasonication, phosphate buffer solution soaking test, autoclave sterilization, and electrical pulsing. Coatings prepared with propylene carbonate or acetonitrile possessed excellent electrochemical stability and survived autoclave sterilization, prolonged soaking, and electrical stimulation without major changes in electrochemical properties. Stimulating microelectrodes were implanted in rats and stimulated daily, for 7 and 15 days. The electrochemical properties monitored in vivo demonstrated that the stimulation procedure for both coated and uncoated electrodes decreased the impedance.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/physiology ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/chemistry ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Impedance ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Humans ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons/physiology ; Platinum/chemistry ; Platinum/pharmacology ; Polymers/chemistry ; Polymers/pharmacology ; Rats
    Chemical Substances Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Polymers ; poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) ; Platinum (49DFR088MY)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1944-8252
    ISSN (online) 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021/acsami.9b03088
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