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  1. Article: Living with voracious roommates: Factors that explain isotopic niche variation in a mixed colony of insectivorous bats.

    Peña-Villalobos, Isaac / Muñoz-Pacheco, Catalina B / Escobar, Martín A H / Jaksic, Fabian M / Sabat, Pablo

    Ecology and evolution

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e10939

    Abstract: Theory predicts that in resource-limited environments, coexisting species may overlap their niche dimensions but must differ in at least one to avoid competitive exclusion. Specifically, it has been suggested that the coexistence of competing species ... ...

    Abstract Theory predicts that in resource-limited environments, coexisting species may overlap their niche dimensions but must differ in at least one to avoid competitive exclusion. Specifically, it has been suggested that the coexistence of competing species within a guild, could be sustained with mechanisms of resource partitioning, such as segregation along a trophic dimension. Among the most gregarious mammals are bats, which present diversification in their diet based on habitat choice and body size. Despite differences that could explain specialization in prey selection, there are insufficient studies that explore food overlap in mixed bat colonies and the factors that determine the selection of prey, both at intra- and inter-specific levels. To fill this gap, we analyzed the isotope signal (δ
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.10939
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Public Perceptions Of COVID-19 Lockdown Policies In Europe: Socioeconomic Status And Trust Were Factors.

    Falk, Lasse / Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian / Sabat, Iryna / Schreyögg, Jonas

    Health affairs (Project Hope)

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 12, Page(s) 1706–1714

    Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide implemented nonpharmaceutical lockdown policies to mitigate the impact of the virus. The effectiveness of these policies depended on public support, and they came with serious consequences for the ... ...

    Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide implemented nonpharmaceutical lockdown policies to mitigate the impact of the virus. The effectiveness of these policies depended on public support, and they came with serious consequences for the population. Given that people's perceptions can influence their support for lockdown policies, we aimed to elicit perceptions of policy stringency among people in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United Kingdom in early 2021 as part of the European Covid Survey. We examined the extent to which objective measures of policy stringency and other factors were associated with these perceptions, focusing on disadvantaged populations. We found that objective measures of stringency did not accurately capture the impact of lockdown policies on people. Moreover, we found that socioeconomically disadvantaged people perceived policies as stricter than did less disadvantaged people and that trust in information sources greatly influenced such perceptions. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding factors influencing policy perception to help policy makers develop more effective and equitable infection containment strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Public Opinion ; Trust ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control ; Europe/epidemiology ; Policy ; Social Class
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632712-6
    ISSN 1544-5208 ; 0278-2715
    ISSN (online) 1544-5208
    ISSN 0278-2715
    DOI 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00707
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Altruism and the Link to Pro-social Pandemic Behavior.

    Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian / Sabat, Iryna / Attema, Arthur E

    Frontiers in health services

    2022  Volume 2, Page(s) 871891

    Abstract: In the Corona pandemic, especially in the phase before vaccines were available, people's risk of infection with COVID-19 was dependent on the adherence to pandemic behaviors (e. g., wearing masks) of others around them. To explore whether altruistic ... ...

    Abstract In the Corona pandemic, especially in the phase before vaccines were available, people's risk of infection with COVID-19 was dependent on the adherence to pandemic behaviors (e. g., wearing masks) of others around them. To explore whether altruistic individuals are more likely to engage in pro-social behaviors to protect others during the pandemic, we use data from the European COVID Survey (ECOS). The data was collected in September 2020 and consisted of a representative sample from seven European countries (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2813-0146
    ISSN (online) 2813-0146
    DOI 10.3389/frhs.2022.871891
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Prenatal caloric restriction adjusts the energy homeostasis and behavior in response to acute and chronic variations in food availability in adulthood.

    Peña-Villalobos, Isaac / Otarola, Fabiola A / Arancibia, David / Sabat, Pablo / Palma, Verónica

    Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology

    2023  Volume 193, Issue 6, Page(s) 677–688

    Abstract: Fetal metabolic programming produced by unfavorable prenatal nutritional conditions leads to the development of a disorder called "thrifty phenotype", which is associated with pathologies such as diabetes and obesity in adulthood. However, from an ... ...

    Abstract Fetal metabolic programming produced by unfavorable prenatal nutritional conditions leads to the development of a disorder called "thrifty phenotype", which is associated with pathologies such as diabetes and obesity in adulthood. However, from an ecophysiological approach, few studies have addressed the development of thrifty phenotypes in terms of energy. This might represent an adaptive advantage against caloric deficiency conditions extending into adulthood. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential adaptive value of the thrifty phenotype expression through prenatal programming in a rodent model experiencing varying dietary conditions in different temporal contexts. To fill this gap, adult males of Mus musculus (BALB/C) from two maternal pregnancy groups were analyzed: control (ad libitum feeding) and caloric restriction from day 10 of gestation (70% restriction). Adult offspring of these groups were split further for two experiments: acute food deprivation and chronic caloric restriction at 60%. The acute food deprivation was performed for 24, 48 or 72 h while the caloric restriction regime was sustained for 20 days. For each experiment, morphological variables, such as body and organ mass, and gene expression related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism from the liver and brain, were evaluated. In chronic caloric restriction, behavioral tests (open-field test and home-cage behavior) were performed. Our results indicate that under acute deprivation, the liver mass and triglyceride content remained unchanged in individuals subjected to prenatal restriction, in contrast to the reduction experienced by the control group. The latter is associated with the expression of the key genes involved in energy homeostasis (Pepck, Pparα/Pparγ), indicating a differential use of nutritional resources. In addition, thrifty animals, subjected to chronic caloric restriction, showed a severe reduction in locomotor and gluconeogenic activity, which is consistent with the regulatory role of Sirt1 and its downstream targets Mao and Pepck. Our results reveal that prenatal caloric restriction translates into a sparing metabolism in response to acute and chronic lack of food in adulthood.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Pregnancy ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Body Weight/physiology ; Caloric Restriction ; Obesity ; Diet ; Homeostasis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 231245-1
    ISSN 1432-136X ; 0174-1578
    ISSN (online) 1432-136X
    ISSN 0174-1578
    DOI 10.1007/s00360-023-01520-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The effects of urban thermal heterogeneity and feather coloration on oxidative stress and metabolism of pigeons (Columba livia).

    Jiménez, Tomás / Peña-Villalobos, Isaac / Arcila, Javiera / Del Basto, Francisco / Palma, Verónica / Sabat, Pablo

    The Science of the total environment

    2023  Volume 912, Page(s) 169564

    Abstract: Urbanization stands out as a significant anthropogenic factor, exerting selective pressures on ecosystems and biotic components. A notable outcome of urbanization is thermal heterogeneity where the emergence of Urban Heat Islands is characterized by ... ...

    Abstract Urbanization stands out as a significant anthropogenic factor, exerting selective pressures on ecosystems and biotic components. A notable outcome of urbanization is thermal heterogeneity where the emergence of Urban Heat Islands is characterized by elevated air and surface temperatures compared to adjacent rural areas. Investigating the influence of thermal heterogeneity on urban animals could offer insights into how temperature variations can lead to phenotypic shifts. Urban pigeons (Columba livia) serve as an excellent model for studying urban thermal effects, given the melanism variations, which are associated with the pleiotropy of the melanocortin system. To examine the development of physiological plasticity in response to urban thermal variations, we conducted a study on pigeons in Santiago, Chile, during the rainy season. We assessed the influence of habitat on physiological traits related to metabolism and antioxidant capacities, which are theoretically affected by feather coloration. Our findings reveal that variations in melanism significantly impact pigeon physiology, affecting both antioxidant capacities and the mitochondrial activity of red blood cells. It was found that higher urban temperatures, from both the current sampling month and the prior sampling month (from CRU TS dataset), were negatively and strongly associated with lower antioxidant and metabolic activities. This suggests that elevated urban temperatures likely benefit the energetic budgets of pigeon populations and mitigate the negative effects of oxidative metabolism, with differential effects depending on feather colorations.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Columbidae/physiology ; Cities ; Feathers ; Antioxidants ; Ecosystem ; Hot Temperature ; Oxidative Stress ; Melanosis
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169564
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: SALAI-Net: species-agnostic local ancestry inference network.

    Oriol Sabat, Benet / Mas Montserrat, Daniel / Giro-I-Nieto, Xavier / Ioannidis, Alexander G

    Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

    2022  Volume 38, Issue Suppl_2, Page(s) ii27–ii33

    Abstract: Motivation: Local ancestry inference (LAI) is the high resolution prediction of ancestry labels along a DNA sequence. LAI is important in the study of human history and migrations, and it is beginning to play a role in precision medicine applications ... ...

    Abstract Motivation: Local ancestry inference (LAI) is the high resolution prediction of ancestry labels along a DNA sequence. LAI is important in the study of human history and migrations, and it is beginning to play a role in precision medicine applications including ancestry-adjusted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and polygenic risk scores (PRSs). Existing LAI models do not generalize well between species, chromosomes or even ancestry groups, requiring re-training for each different setting. Furthermore, such methods can lack interpretability, which is an important element in each of these applications.
    Results: We present SALAI-Net, a portable statistical LAI method that can be applied on any set of species and ancestries (species-agnostic), requiring only haplotype data and no other biological parameters. Inspired by identity by descent methods, SALAI-Net estimates population labels for each segment of DNA by performing a reference matching approach, which leads to an interpretable and fast technique. We benchmark our models on whole-genome data of humans and we test these models' ability to generalize to dog breeds when trained on human data. SALAI-Net outperforms previous methods in terms of balanced accuracy, while generalizing between different settings, species and datasets. Moreover, it is up to two orders of magnitude faster and uses considerably less RAM memory than competing methods.
    Availability and implementation: We provide an open source implementation and links to publicly available data at github.com/AI-sandbox/SALAI-Net. Data is publicly available as follows: https://www.internationalgenome.org (1000 Genomes), https://www.simonsfoundation.org/simons-genome-diversity-project (Simons Genome Diversity Project), https://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/downloads/human/hapmap3.html (HapMap), ftp://ngs.sanger.ac.uk/production/hgdp/hgdp_wgs.20190516 (Human Genome Diversity Project) and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA448733 (Canid genomes).
    Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available from Bioinformatics online.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Dogs ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Haplotypes ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1422668-6
    ISSN 1367-4811 ; 1367-4803
    ISSN (online) 1367-4811
    ISSN 1367-4803
    DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac464
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Implementing a Rapid Response Team: A Quality Improvement Project in a Low- to Middle-Income Country.

    Jamous, Sabat El / Kouatly, Iman / Irani, Joanna / Badr, Lina Kurdahi

    Dimensions of critical care nursing : DCCN

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 171–178

    Abstract: Background: The benefits of rapid response teams (RRTs) have been controversial with few studies conducted in low- to middle-income countries.: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of implementing an RRT on 4 patient ... ...

    Abstract Background: The benefits of rapid response teams (RRTs) have been controversial with few studies conducted in low- to middle-income countries.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of implementing an RRT on 4 patient outcomes.
    Methods: We conducted a quality improvement pre-and-post design using the Plan-Do-Study-Act model in a tertiary hospital in a low- to middle-income country. We collected data before and after implementing the RRT in 4 phases and over 4 years.
    Results: Survival to discharge after cardiac arrest was 25.0% per 1000 discharges in 2016 and increased to 50% in 2019, a 50% increase. The rate of activations per 1000 discharges was 20.45% for the code team in 2016 and 33.6% for the RRT team in 2019. Thirty-one patients who arrested were transferred to a critical care unit before implementing the RRT, and 33% of such patients were transferred after. The time it took the code team to arrive at the bedside was 3.1 minutes in 2016 and decreased to 1.7 minutes for the RRT team to arrive in 2019, a 46% decrease.
    Discussion and clinical implications: Implementing an RTT led by nurses in a low- to middle-income country increased the survival rate of patients who had a cardiac arrest by 50%. The role of nurses in improving patient outcomes and saving lives is substantial and empowers nurses to call for assistance to save patient lives who show early signs of a cardiac arrest. Hospital administrators should continue to use strategies to improve nurses' timely response to the clinical deterioration of patients and to continue to collect data to assess the effect of the RRT over time.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hospital Rapid Response Team ; Quality Improvement ; Intensive Care Units ; Heart Arrest/therapy ; Patient Discharge
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632780-1
    ISSN 1538-8646 ; 0730-4625
    ISSN (online) 1538-8646
    ISSN 0730-4625
    DOI 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000584
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Jumping the Queue:Willingness to Pay for Faster Access to COVID-19 Vaccines in Seven European Countries.

    Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian / Sabat, Iryna / Brinkmann, Carolin / Attema, Arthur E / Stargardt, Tom / Schreyögg, Jonas / Brouwer, Werner

    PharmacoEconomics

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 10, Page(s) 1389–1402

    Abstract: Introduction: Given the initial shortage of vaccines to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries set up priority lists, implying that large parts of the population had to wait. We therefore elicited the willingness to pay (WTP) ...

    Abstract Introduction: Given the initial shortage of vaccines to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries set up priority lists, implying that large parts of the population had to wait. We therefore elicited the willingness to pay (WTP) for access to two hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines.
    Methods: Respondents were asked how much they would be willing to pay to get an immediate COVID-19 vaccination rather than waiting for one through the public system. We report data collected in January/February 2021 from the European COVID Survey (ECOS) comprising representative samples of the population in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the UK (N = 7068).
    Results: In total, 73% (68.5%) of respondents were willing to pay for immediate access to a 100% (60%) effective vaccine, ranging from 66.4% (59.4%) in the Netherlands to 83.3% (81.1%) in Portugal. We found a mean WTP of 54.36 euros (median 37 euros) for immediate access to the 100% effective COVID-19 vaccine and 43.83 euros (median 31 euros) for the 60% effective vaccine. The vaccines' effectiveness, respondents' age, country of residence, income, health state and well-being were significant determinants of WTP. Willingness to be vaccinated (WTV) was also strongly associated with WTP, with lower WTV being associated with lower WTP. A higher perceived risk of infection, higher health risk, more trust in the safety of vaccines, and higher expected waiting time for the free vaccination were all associated with a higher WTP.
    Conclusion: We find that most respondents would have been willing to pay for faster access to COVID vaccines (jumping the queue), suggesting welfare gains from quicker access to these vaccines. This is an important result in light of potential future outbreaks and vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Europe ; Income ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-21
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1100273-6
    ISSN 1179-2027 ; 1170-7690
    ISSN (online) 1179-2027
    ISSN 1170-7690
    DOI 10.1007/s40273-023-01284-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Modeling heterothermic fitness landscapes in a marsupial hibernator using changes in body composition.

    Abarzúa, Tamara / Camus, Isidora / Ortiz, Felipe / Ñunque, Abel / Cubillos, Francisco A / Sabat, Pablo / Nespolo, Roberto F

    Oecologia

    2023  Volume 203, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 79–93

    Abstract: Hibernation is an adaptive strategy that allows animals to enter a hypometabolic state, conserving energy and enhancing their fitness by surviving harsh environmental conditions. However, addressing the adaptive value of hibernation, at the individual ... ...

    Abstract Hibernation is an adaptive strategy that allows animals to enter a hypometabolic state, conserving energy and enhancing their fitness by surviving harsh environmental conditions. However, addressing the adaptive value of hibernation, at the individual level and in natural populations, has been challenging. Here, we applied a non-invasive technique, body composition analysis by quantitative magnetic resonance (qMR), to calculate energy savings by hibernation in a population of hibernating marsupials (Dromiciops gliroides). Using outdoor enclosures installed in a temperate rainforest, and measuring qMR periodically, we determined the amount of fat and lean mass consumed during a whole hibernation cycle. With this information, we estimated the daily energy expenditure of hibernation (DEE
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Marsupialia/metabolism ; Hibernation ; Mammals ; Energy Metabolism ; Body Composition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-05
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123369-5
    ISSN 1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
    ISSN (online) 1432-1939
    ISSN 0029-8549
    DOI 10.1007/s00442-023-05452-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Enhancing Radiology Education With a Case-Based Intro to Radiology on the UF WIDI e-Learning Platform.

    Pierre, Kevin / Slater, Roberta / Raviprasad, Abheek / Griffin, Ian / Talati, Jay / Mathelier, Michael / Sistrom, Christopher / Mancuso, Anthony / Sabat, Shyamsunder

    Current problems in diagnostic radiology

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–26

    Abstract: Rationale and objectives: This study explores the implementation and efficacy of an online, interactive, case-based radiology education tool, Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging (WIDI) Case-Based Intro to Radiology (CBIR). We hypothesize that the WIDI CBIR ... ...

    Abstract Rationale and objectives: This study explores the implementation and efficacy of an online, interactive, case-based radiology education tool, Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging (WIDI) Case-Based Intro to Radiology (CBIR). We hypothesize that the WIDI CBIR platform would enhance radiology teaching, foster critical thinking, and provide a comprehensive curriculum in imaging interpretation and utilization.
    Materials and methods: A focus group consisting of 1 undergraduate, 7 medical students, 9 physician assistant students, and 3 PhD students participated in this study. We tested 3 different teaching methods: a didactic approach without WIDI, a proctored didactic approach using WIDI, and a flipped classroom approach using WIDI. An online survey was conducted to assess student preference and feedback on these methods and the use of WIDI in their curriculum.
    Results: Most students preferred the proctored didactic approach with WIDI. They reported that the platform complemented their curriculum and encouraged critical thinking. The modules covered adequate clinical and imaging details and enhanced their skills in imaging interpretation. Despite the limitations of a small sample size and reliance on self-reported outcomes, this study indicates that the WIDI platform could be integrated into PA and medical school curricula throughout the US, offering a standardized radiology curriculum.
    Conclusion: The UF WIDI appears to be a promising tool for modernizing radiology education, improving imaging interpretation skills, and enhancing appropriate imaging selection among nonradiologist medical learners. WIDI offers case-based education in imaging use, workflow, search-pattern selection, and interpretation of common radiological findings, potentially bridging the gap in radiology education. Further research and larger studies are required to assess the long-term impact on performance and clinical practice.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Computer-Assisted Instruction ; Curriculum ; Radiology/education ; Radiography ; Educational Measurement ; Students, Medical ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 198954-6
    ISSN 1535-6302 ; 0363-0188
    ISSN (online) 1535-6302
    ISSN 0363-0188
    DOI 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.08.011
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