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  1. Article ; Online: In Praise of Error.

    Wächtershäuser, Günter

    Journal of molecular evolution

    2016  Volume 82, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 75–80

    Abstract: The methodological status of origin-of-life research as an experimental science, predicated on deductive logic, is assessed and illustrated by recent examples. ...

    Abstract The methodological status of origin-of-life research as an experimental science, predicated on deductive logic, is assessed and illustrated by recent examples.
    MeSH term(s) Artifacts ; Origin of Life ; Research Design
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 120148-7
    ISSN 1432-1432 ; 0022-2844
    ISSN (online) 1432-1432
    ISSN 0022-2844
    DOI 10.1007/s00239-015-9727-3
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  2. Article: The place of RNA in the origin and early evolution of the genetic machinery.

    Wächtershäuser, Günter

    Life (Basel, Switzerland)

    2014  Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 1050–1091

    Abstract: The extant genetic machinery revolves around three interrelated polymers: RNA, DNA and proteins. Two evolutionary views approach this vital connection from opposite perspectives. The RNA World theory posits that life began in a cold prebiotic broth of ... ...

    Abstract The extant genetic machinery revolves around three interrelated polymers: RNA, DNA and proteins. Two evolutionary views approach this vital connection from opposite perspectives. The RNA World theory posits that life began in a cold prebiotic broth of monomers with the de novo emergence of replicating RNA as functionally self-contained polymer and that subsequent evolution is characterized by RNA → DNA memory takeover and ribozyme → enzyme catalyst takeover. The FeS World theory posits that life began as an autotrophic metabolism in hot volcanic-hydrothermal fluids and evolved with organic products turning into ligands for transition metal catalysts thereby eliciting feedback and feed-forward effects. In this latter context it is posited that the three polymers of the genetic machinery essentially coevolved from monomers through oligomers to polymers, operating functionally first as ligands for ligand-accelerated transition metal catalysis with later addition of base stacking and base pairing, whereby the functional dichotomy between hereditary DNA with stability on geologic time scales and transient, catalytic RNA with stability on metabolic time scales existed since the dawn of the genetic machinery. Both approaches are assessed comparatively for chemical soundness.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662250-6
    ISSN 2075-1729
    ISSN 2075-1729
    DOI 10.3390/life4041050
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  3. Article ; Online: On the chemistry and evolution of the pioneer organism.

    Wächtershäuser, Günter

    Chemistry & biodiversity

    2007  Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 584–602

    Abstract: The theory of a chemo-autotrophic origin of life in a volcanic Iron-Sulfur World postulates the emergence of a pioneer organism within a flow of volcanic exhalations. The pioneer organism is characterized by a composite structure with an inorganic ... ...

    Abstract The theory of a chemo-autotrophic origin of life in a volcanic Iron-Sulfur World postulates the emergence of a pioneer organism within a flow of volcanic exhalations. The pioneer organism is characterized by a composite structure with an inorganic substructure and an organic superstructure. Within the surfaces of the inorganic substructure, iron, cobalt, nickel, and other transition-metal centers with sulfido, carbonyl, cyano, and other ligands are catalytically active, and promote the growth of the organic superstructure through carbon fixation, driven by the reducing potential of the volcanic exhalations. This pioneer organism is reproductive by an autocatalytic feedback effect, whereby some organic products serve as ligands for activating the catalytic metal centres whence they arise. This unitary structure-function relationship of the pioneer organism constitutes the 'Anlage' for two major strands of evolution: enzymatization and cellularization, whereby the upward evolution of life by increase of molecular complexity is grounded ultimately in the transition metal-catalyzed, synthetic redox chemistry of the pioneer organism.
    MeSH term(s) Biological Evolution ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbon Monoxide ; Evolution, Molecular ; Iron ; Origin of Life ; Sulfur ; Time
    Chemical Substances Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70) ; Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2139001-0
    ISSN 1612-1880 ; 1612-1872
    ISSN (online) 1612-1880
    ISSN 1612-1872
    DOI 10.1002/cbdv.200790052
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  4. Article ; Online: LUBAC-mediated M1 Ub regulates necroptosis by segregating the cellular distribution of active MLKL.

    Weinelt, Nadine / Wächtershäuser, Kaja Nicole / Celik, Gulustan / Jeiler, Birte / Gollin, Isabelle / Zein, Laura / Smith, Sonja / Andrieux, Geoffroy / Das, Tonmoy / Roedig, Jens / Feist, Leonard / Rotter, Björn / Boerries, Melanie / Pampaloni, Francesco / van Wijk, Sjoerd J L

    Cell death & disease

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 77

    Abstract: Plasma membrane accumulation of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is a hallmark of necroptosis, leading to membrane rupture and inflammatory cell death. Pro-death functions of MLKL are tightly controlled by several checkpoints, ... ...

    Abstract Plasma membrane accumulation of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is a hallmark of necroptosis, leading to membrane rupture and inflammatory cell death. Pro-death functions of MLKL are tightly controlled by several checkpoints, including phosphorylation. Endo- and exocytosis limit MLKL membrane accumulation and counteract necroptosis, but the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identify linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC)-mediated M1 poly-ubiquitination (poly-Ub) as novel checkpoint for necroptosis regulation downstream of activated MLKL in cells of human origin. Loss of LUBAC activity inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-mediated necroptosis, not by affecting necroptotic signaling, but by preventing membrane accumulation of activated MLKL. Finally, we confirm LUBAC-dependent activation of necroptosis in primary human pancreatic organoids. Our findings identify LUBAC as novel regulator of necroptosis which promotes MLKL membrane accumulation in human cells and pioneer primary human organoids to model necroptosis in near-physiological settings.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Necrosis/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Necroptosis ; Phosphorylation ; Cell Death ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Apoptosis/physiology
    Chemical Substances Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; MLKL protein, human (EC 2.7.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2541626-1
    ISSN 2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
    ISSN (online) 2041-4889
    ISSN 2041-4889
    DOI 10.1038/s41419-024-06447-6
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  5. Article: From volcanic origins of chemoautotrophic life to Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya.

    Wächtershäuser, Günter

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2006  Volume 361, Issue 1474, Page(s) 1787–806; discussion 1806–8

    Abstract: The theory of a chemoautotrophic origin of life in a volcanic iron-sulphur world postulates a pioneer organism at sites of reducing volcanic exhalations. The pioneer organism is characterized by a composite structure with an inorganic substructure and an ...

    Abstract The theory of a chemoautotrophic origin of life in a volcanic iron-sulphur world postulates a pioneer organism at sites of reducing volcanic exhalations. The pioneer organism is characterized by a composite structure with an inorganic substructure and an organic superstructure. Within the surfaces of the inorganic substructure iron, cobalt, nickel and other transition metal centres with sulphido, carbonyl and other ligands were catalytically active and promoted the growth of the organic superstructure through carbon fixation, driven by the reducing potential of the volcanic exhalations. This pioneer metabolism was reproductive by an autocatalytic feedback mechanism. Some organic products served as ligands for activating catalytic metal centres whence they arose. The unitary structure-function relationship of the pioneer organism later gave rise to two major strands of evolution: cellularization and emergence of the genetic machinery. This early phase of evolution ended with segregation of the domains Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya from a rapidly evolving population of pre-cells. Thus, life started with an initial, direct, deterministic chemical mechanism of evolution giving rise to a later, indirect, stochastic, genetic mechanism of evolution and the upward evolution of life by increase of complexity is grounded ultimately in the synthetic redox chemistry of the pioneer organism.
    MeSH term(s) Archaea/genetics ; Archaea/metabolism ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Chemoautotrophic Growth ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Evolution, Chemical ; Origin of Life ; Volcanic Eruptions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-10-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0962-8436 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0962-8436 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2006.1904
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    Einzelsignatur: Show issues

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  6. Article: From pre-cells to Eukarya--a tale of two lipids.

    Wächtershäuser, G

    Molecular microbiology

    2003  Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–22

    Abstract: A mechanistic hypothesis for the origin of the three domains of life is proposed. A population of evolving pre-cells is suggested to have had a membrane of a racemate of chiral lipids that continuously underwent spontaneous symmetry breaking by spatial ... ...

    Abstract A mechanistic hypothesis for the origin of the three domains of life is proposed. A population of evolving pre-cells is suggested to have had a membrane of a racemate of chiral lipids that continuously underwent spontaneous symmetry breaking by spatial phase segregation into two enantiomerically enriched membrane domains. By frequent pre-cell fusions and fissions these membrane domains became partitioned between two pre-cell subpopulations having predominantly one lipid enantiomer or the other. The origin of the Bacteria and Archaea is explained by divergence of first a population of proto-bacteria and later a population of proto-archaea from the evolving pre-cells, each by the emergence of an enantio-selective lipid biosynthesis within the corresponding pre-cell subtype. The origin of the Eukarya is explained by symbiosis between a population of Bacteria and a subpopulation of pre-cells with a predominance of the bacteria-type lipid enantiomers.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Archaea/genetics ; Archaea/physiology ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Membrane Lipids/chemistry ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Symbiosis
    Chemical Substances Membrane Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 619315-8
    ISSN 1365-2958 ; 0950-382X
    ISSN (online) 1365-2958
    ISSN 0950-382X
    DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03267.x
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    Zs.A 2502: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Discussing the origin of life.

    Wächtershäuser, Günter

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2002  Volume 298, Issue 5594, Page(s) 747–9; author reply 747–9

    MeSH term(s) Biopolymers/chemistry ; Evolution, Chemical ; Hydrolysis ; Origin of Life ; Polymers/chemistry ; Temperature
    Chemical Substances Biopolymers ; Polymers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-10-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
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  8. Article: Origin of life. Life as we don't know it.

    Wächtershäuser, G

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2000  Volume 289, Issue 5483, Page(s) 1307–1308

    Abstract: There are two main groups of theories for the origin of life on Earth, the prebiotic broth theories and the hydrothermal theories, exemplified by the iron-sulfur world theory. In his Perspective, Wächtershäuser discusses the report by Cody et al., which ... ...

    Abstract There are two main groups of theories for the origin of life on Earth, the prebiotic broth theories and the hydrothermal theories, exemplified by the iron-sulfur world theory. In his Perspective, Wächtershäuser discusses the report by Cody et al., which provides key support for the latter proposal.
    MeSH term(s) Carbon Monoxide/chemistry ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Evolution, Chemical ; Ferrous Compounds/chemistry ; Formates/chemistry ; Formates/metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide/chemistry ; Hydrogen Sulfide/metabolism ; Iron/chemistry ; Iron/metabolism ; Origin of Life ; Peptides/chemistry ; Pressure ; Pyruvic Acid/chemistry ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Sulfur/chemistry ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
    Chemical Substances Ferrous Compounds ; Formates ; Peptides ; formic acid (0YIW783RG1) ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70) ; Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452) ; Pyruvic Acid (8558G7RUTR) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; ferrous sulfide (TH5J4TUX6S) ; Hydrogen Sulfide (YY9FVM7NSN)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.289.5483.1307
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  9. Article: A Possible Primordial Acetyleno/Carboxydotrophic Core Metabolism.

    Sobotta, Jessica / Geisberger, Thomas / Moosmann, Carolin / Scheidler, Christopher M / Eisenreich, Wolfgang / Wächtershäuser, Günter / Huber, Claudia

    Life (Basel, Switzerland)

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 4

    Abstract: Carbon fixation, in addition to the evolution of metabolism, is a main requirement for the evolution of life. Here, we report a one-pot carbon fixation of acetylene ( ... ...

    Abstract Carbon fixation, in addition to the evolution of metabolism, is a main requirement for the evolution of life. Here, we report a one-pot carbon fixation of acetylene (C
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662250-6
    ISSN 2075-1729
    ISSN 2075-1729
    DOI 10.3390/life10040035
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  10. Article ; Online: Unsaturated C3,5,7,9-Monocarboxylic Acids by Aqueous, One-Pot Carbon Fixation: Possible Relevance for the Origin of Life.

    Scheidler, Christopher / Sobotta, Jessica / Eisenreich, Wolfgang / Wächtershäuser, Günter / Huber, Claudia

    Scientific reports

    2016  Volume 6, Page(s) 27595

    Abstract: All scientific approaches to the origin of life share a common problem: a chemical path to lipids as main constituents of extant cellular enclosures. Here we show by isotope-controlled experiments that unsaturated C3,5,7,9-monocarboxylic acids form by ... ...

    Abstract All scientific approaches to the origin of life share a common problem: a chemical path to lipids as main constituents of extant cellular enclosures. Here we show by isotope-controlled experiments that unsaturated C3,5,7,9-monocarboxylic acids form by one-pot reaction of acetylene (C2H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in contact with nickel sulfide (NiS) in hot aqueous medium. The primary products are toto-olefinic monocarboxylic acids with CO-derived COOH groups undergoing subsequent stepwise hydrogenation with CO as reductant. In the resulting unsaturated monocarboxylic acids the double bonds are mainly centrally located with mainly trans-configuration. The reaction conditions are compatible with an origin of life in volcanic-hydrothermal sub-seafloor flow ducts.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/srep27595
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