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  1. Article ; Online: Monkeypox Case Investigation - Cook County Jail, Chicago, Illinois, July-August 2022.

    Hagan, Liesl M / Beeson, Amy / Hughes, Sarah / Hassan, Rashida / Tietje, Lauren / Meehan, Ashley A / Spencer, Hillary / Turner, Janice / Richardson, Morgan / Howard, Jourdan / Schultz, Anne / Ali, Salma / Butler, Margaret Mary / Arce Garza, Diana / Morgan, Clint N / Kling, Chantal / Baird, Nicolle / Townsend, Michael B / Carson, William C /
    Lowe, David / Wynn, Nhien T / Black, Stephanie R / Kerins, Janna L / Rafinski, Josh / Defuniak, Andrew / Auguston, Priscilla / Mosites, Emily / Ghinai, Isaac / Zawitz, Chad

    MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

    2022  Volume 71, Issue 40, Page(s) 1271–1277

    Abstract: Knowledge about monkeypox transmission risk in congregate settings is limited. In July 2022 ...

    Abstract Knowledge about monkeypox transmission risk in congregate settings is limited. In July 2022, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) confirmed a case of monkeypox in a person detained in Cook County Jail (CCJ) in Chicago, Illinois. This case was the first identified in a correctional setting in the United States and reported to CDC during the 2022 multinational monkeypox outbreak. CDPH collaborated with CCJ, the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH), and CDC to evaluate transmission risk within the facility. Fifty-seven residents were classified as having intermediate-risk exposures to the patient with monkeypox during the 7-day interval between the patient's symptom onset and his isolation. (Intermediate-risk exposure was defined as potentially being within 6 ft of the patient with monkeypox for a total of ≥3 hours cumulatively, without wearing a surgical mask or respirator, or potentially having contact between their own intact skin or clothing and the skin lesions or body fluids from the patient or with materials that were in contact with the patient's skin lesions or body fluids.) No secondary cases were identified among a subset of 62% of these potentially exposed residents who received symptom monitoring, serologic testing, or both. Thirteen residents accepted postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), with higher acceptance among those who were offered counseling individually or in small groups than among those who were offered PEP together in a large group. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA, but no viable virus, was detected on one surface in a dormitory where the patient had been housed with other residents before he was isolated. Although monkeypox transmission might be limited in similar congregate settings in the absence of higher-risk exposures, congregate facilities should maintain recommended infection control practices in response to monkeypox cases, including placing the person with monkeypox in medical isolation and promptly and thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting spaces where the person has spent time. In addition, officials should provide information to residents and staff members about monkeypox symptoms and transmission modes, facilitate confidential monkeypox risk and symptom disclosure and prompt medical evaluation for symptoms that are reported, and provide PEP counseling in a private setting.
    MeSH term(s) Chicago/epidemiology ; DNA ; Humans ; Illinois/epidemiology ; Jails ; Male ; Mpox (monkeypox)/diagnosis ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; United States
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 412775-4
    ISSN 1545-861X ; 0149-2195
    ISSN (online) 1545-861X
    ISSN 0149-2195
    DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm7140e2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Epidemiology of Chikungunya fever outbreak in Western Jamaica during July-December 2014.

    Pham, Phuong N / Williams, LaQueena T / Obot, Uduak / Padilla, Luz A / Aung, Maung / Akinyemiju, Tomi F / Carson, April P / Jolly, Pauline E

    Research and reports in tropical medicine

    2017  Volume 8, Page(s) 7–16

    Abstract: ... Health Authority of Jamaica from July 2014 to December 2014. Cases were not confirmed by laboratory tests ...

    Abstract Objective: Our study describes the 2014 Chikungunya outbreak in Western Jamaica in terms of geographic distribution and trend of the outbreak over time, and evaluates clinical symptoms of the disease based on pre-existing conditions.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 609 clinically defined Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) fever cases that occurred in the four parishes of the Western Regional Health Authority of Jamaica from July 2014 to December 2014. Cases were not confirmed by laboratory tests but met clinical and epidemiological criteria of CHIKV fever.
    Results: Our results show a propagated spread of CHIKV fever during the outbreak period with the peak at the end of October. Main urban cities, such as Montego Bay and Lucea, were identified as places that had high numbers of cases. Fever and arthralgia were the two most common clinical symptoms in CHIKV patients. Although a majority (80%) of infants aged <2 years had up to four symptoms (80%), the percentage of infants with higher numbers of symptoms (9-10) was higher than in older age groups. However, back pain was found to occur significantly more in older patients. Those with arthritis as a pre-existing condition were more likely to experience headache, asthenia, back pain, and periarticular edema.
    Conclusion: These findings can help public health officials develop more effective programs to prevent the spread of CHIKV outbreaks by focusing on crowded urban cities. The findings indicate that those who are likely to develop a higher number of symptoms, such as young infants and people with pre-existing conditions, such as arthritis, should be more closely monitored to better manage the disease outcome.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-25
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2578572-2
    ISSN 1179-7282
    ISSN 1179-7282
    DOI 10.2147/rrtm.s122032
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Chronic idiopathic urinary retention: Comorbidity and outcome in 102 individuals.

    Milligan, Fintan / Whittingham, Charlotte / Granitsitotis, Voula / Simpson, Helen / Woodfield, Julie / Carson, Alan / Stone, Jon / Hoeritzauer, Ingrid

    Journal of psychosomatic research

    2024  Volume 181, Page(s) 111663

    Abstract: Objectives: Chronic Idiopathic urinary retention is poorly understood. One small study suggests higher than expected rates of functional neurological disorder and pain comorbidity which may have implications for understanding the disorder. We ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Chronic Idiopathic urinary retention is poorly understood. One small study suggests higher than expected rates of functional neurological disorder and pain comorbidity which may have implications for understanding the disorder. We investigated the frequency of functional neurological disorder, chronic pain other medical and psychiatric comorbidity, triggers of urinary retention, results of urodynamic assessment, medication history, management, and outcome in patients with chronic idiopathic urinary retention.
    Methods: A consecutive retrospective electronic notes analysis was undertaken of patients with chronic idiopathic urinary retention presenting to a secondary care urology clinic between Jan 2018-Jan 2021, with follow-up to their most recent urological appointment.
    Results: 102 patients were identified (mean age of 41.9 years, 98% female). 25% had functional neurological disorder (n = 26), most commonly limb weakness (n = 19, 19%) and functional seizures (n = 16, 16%). Chronic pain (n = 58, 57%) was a common comorbidity. Surgical and medical riggers to urinary retention were found in almost half of patients (n = 49, 48%). 81% of patients underwent urodynamic assessment (n = 83). Most frequently no specific abnormality was reported (n = 30, 29%). Hypertonic urethral sphincter was the most identified urodynamic abnormality (n = 17, 17%). We noted high levels of opioid (n = 50, 49%) and benzodiazepine (n = 27, 26%) use. Urinary retention resolved in only a small number of patients (n = 6, 6%, median follow up 54 months), in three cases spontaneously.
    Conclusion: This preliminary data suggests idiopathic urinary retention is commonly comorbid with functional neurological disorder, and chronic pain, suggesting shared mechanisms.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80166-5
    ISSN 1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
    ISSN (online) 1879-1360
    ISSN 0022-3999
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111663
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Epidemiology of Chikungunya fever outbreak in Western Jamaica during July–December 2014

    Pham PN / Williams LT / Obot U / Padilla LA / Aung M / Akinyemiju TF / Carson AP / Jolly PE

    Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine, Vol Volume 8, Pp 7-

    2017  Volume 16

    Abstract: ... April P Carson,1 Pauline E Jolly1 1Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham ... of Jamaica from July 2014 to December 2014. Cases were not confirmed by laboratory tests but met clinical and ...

    Abstract Phuong N Pham,1 LaQueena T Williams,1 Uduak Obot,1 Luz A Padilla,1 Maung Aung,2 Tomi F Akinyemiju,1 April P Carson,1 Pauline E Jolly1 1Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; 2Epidemiology Unit, Western Regional Health Authority, Ministry of Health, Montego Bay, Jamaica Objective: Our study describes the 2014 Chikungunya outbreak in Western Jamaica in terms of geographic distribution and trend of the outbreak over time, and evaluates clinical symptoms of the disease based on pre-existing conditions.Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 609 clinically defined ­Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) fever cases that occurred in the four parishes of the Western Regional Health Authority of Jamaica from July 2014 to December 2014. Cases were not confirmed by laboratory tests but met clinical and epidemiological criteria of CHIKV fever.Results: Our results show a propagated spread of CHIKV fever during the outbreak period with the peak at the end of October. Main urban cities, such as Montego Bay and Lucea, were identified as places that had high numbers of cases. Fever and arthralgia were the two most common clinical symptoms in CHIKV patients. Although a majority (80%) of infants aged <2 years had up to four symptoms (80%), the percentage of infants with higher numbers of symptoms (9–10) was higher than in older age groups. However, back pain was found to occur significantly more in older patients. Those with arthritis as a pre-existing condition were more likely to experience headache, asthenia, back pain, and periarticular edema.Conclusion: These findings can help public health officials develop more effective programs to prevent the spread of CHIKV outbreaks by focusing on crowded urban cities. The findings indicate that those who are likely to develop a higher number of symptoms, such as young infants and people with pre-existing conditions, such as arthritis, should be more closely monitored to better manage the disease outcome. Keywords: Chikungunya, Aedes mosquitoes, symptoms, outbreak, Jamaica, preexisting conditions
    Keywords Chikungunya ; Aedes mosquitoes ; symptoms ; outbreak ; Jamaica ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Dove Medical Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Factors associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in children with sickle cell disease: results from the DISPLACE study.

    Galadanci, Najibah A / Johnson, Walter / Carson, April / Hellemann, Gerhard / Howard, Virginia / Kanter, Julie

    Haematologica

    2022  Volume 107, Issue 10, Page(s) 2466–2473

    Abstract: Cardiopulmonary complications remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD). The overall goals of this study were to evaluate the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and laboratory markers of hemolysis ...

    Abstract Cardiopulmonary complications remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD). The overall goals of this study were to evaluate the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and laboratory markers of hemolysis and determine the association between LVH and SCD-specific therapies (hydroxyurea and chronic red cell transfusion). Data from the DISPLACE (Dissemination and Implementation of Stroke Prevention Looking at the Care Environment) study cohort was used. LVH was defined based on the left ventricular mass indexed to the body surface area as left ventricular mass index >103.0 g/m2 for males and >84.2 g/m2 for females. There were 1,409 children included in the analysis and 20.3% had LVH. Results of multivariable analysis of LVH showed baseline hemoglobin levels were associated with the lower odds of having LVH (odds ratio [OR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60- 0.84). The odds of LVH increases for every 1-year increase in age (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13). Similarly, the odds of LVH were lower among males than females (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.93). The odds of LVH were higher among those on hydroxyurea compared to no therapy (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.41-2.37). Overall results of the study showed that LVH occurs early in children with SCD and the risk increases with increasing age and with lower hemoglobin. Further, we found higher use of hydroxyurea among those with LVH, suggesting that the need for hydroxyurea conveys a risk of cardiovascular remodeling.
    MeSH term(s) Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy ; Biomarkers ; Child ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea/therapeutic use ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology ; Male ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Hydroxyurea (X6Q56QN5QC)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2333-4
    ISSN 1592-8721 ; 0017-6567 ; 0390-6078
    ISSN (online) 1592-8721
    ISSN 0017-6567 ; 0390-6078
    DOI 10.3324/haematol.2021.280480
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Comparison of US emergency departments by HIV priority jurisdiction designation

    Christopher L Bennett / Allan S Detsky / Carson E Clay / Janice A Espinola / Julie Parsonnet / Carlos A Camargo

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 10, p e

    A case for geographically targeted screening in teaching hospitals.

    2023  Volume 0292869

    Abstract: The Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) Initiative targets a subset of United States (US) priority jurisdictions hardest hit by HIV. It remains unclear which emergency departments (EDs) are the most appropriate targets for EHE-related efforts. To explore this, ...

    Abstract The Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) Initiative targets a subset of United States (US) priority jurisdictions hardest hit by HIV. It remains unclear which emergency departments (EDs) are the most appropriate targets for EHE-related efforts. To explore this, we used the 2001-2019 National Emergency Department Inventories (NEDI)-USA as a framework to characterize all US EDs, focusing on those in priority jurisdictions and those affiliated with a teaching hospital. We then incorporate multivariable regression to explore the association between ED characteristics and location in an HIV priority jurisdiction. Further, to provide context on the communities these EDs serve, demographic and socioeconomic information and sexually transmitted infection case rate data were included. This reflected 2019 US Census Bureau data on age, race, ethnicity, and proportion uninsured and living in poverty along with 2001-2019 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case rate data on chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. We found that EDs in priority jurisdictions (compared to EDs not in priority jurisdictions) more often served populations emphasized in HIV-related efforts (i.e., Black or African American or Hispanic or Latino populations), communities with higher proportions uninsured and living in poverty, and counties with higher rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Further, of the groups studied, EDs with teaching hospital affiliations had the highest visit volumes and had steady visit volume growth. In regression, ED annual visit volume was associated with an increased odds of an ED being located in a priority jurisdiction. Our results suggest that geographically targeted screening for HIV in a subset of US priority jurisdiction EDs with a teaching hospital affiliation could be an efficient means to reach vulnerable populations and reduce the burden of undiagnosed HIV in the US.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Association Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Overt Ischemic Stroke in Children With Sickle Cell Disease.

    Galadanci, Najibah A / Johnson, Walter / Carson, April / Hellemann, Gerhard / Howard, Virginia / Kanter, Julie

    Frontiers in neurology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 761443

    Abstract: Ischemic stroke is one of the most devastating complications of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Previous studies have shown that intracardiac shunting including patent foramen ovale (PFO) can be a potential risk factor for stroke in children with SCA. This ... ...

    Abstract Ischemic stroke is one of the most devastating complications of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Previous studies have shown that intracardiac shunting including patent foramen ovale (PFO) can be a potential risk factor for stroke in children with SCA. This study investigates the association between PFO and overt ischemic stroke in the DISPLACE (Dissemination and Implementation of Stroke Prevention Looking at the Care Environment) study cohort of 5,247 children with SCA of whom 1,414 had at least one clinical non-contrast transthoracic echocardiogram. Presence of PFO was taken from the clinical report. Further, we assessed the association between PFO and other clinical and hemolytic factors in children with SCA such as history of abnormal sickle stroke screen [elevated Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) velocity] and patient's baseline hemoglobin. In 642 children for whom all data were available, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for overt stroke was higher in those with PFO but this was not statistically significant (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.20-11.03,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564214-5
    ISSN 1664-2295
    ISSN 1664-2295
    DOI 10.3389/fneur.2021.761443
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Programme theories to describe how different general practitioner service models work in different contexts in or alongside emergency departments (GP-ED): realist evaluation.

    Cooper, Alison / Edwards, Michelle / Davies, Freya / Price, Delyth / Anderson, Pippa / Carson-Stevens, Andrew / Cooke, Matthew / Dale, Jeremy / Donaldson, Liam / Evans, Bridie Angela / Harrington, Barbara / Hepburn, Julie / Hibbert, Peter / Hughes, Thomas C / Porter, Alison / Siriwardena, Aloysius Niroshan / Watkins, Alan / Snooks, Helen / Edwards, Adrian

    Emergency medicine journal : EMJ

    2024  Volume 41, Issue 5, Page(s) 287–295

    Abstract: Background: Addressing increasing patient demand and improving ED patient flow is a key ambition for NHS England. Delivering general practitioner (GP) services in or alongside EDs (GP-ED) was advocated in 2017 for this reason, supported by £100 million ( ...

    Abstract Background: Addressing increasing patient demand and improving ED patient flow is a key ambition for NHS England. Delivering general practitioner (GP) services in or alongside EDs (GP-ED) was advocated in 2017 for this reason, supported by £100 million (US$130 million) of capital funding. Current evidence shows no overall improvement in addressing demand and reducing waiting times, but considerable variation in how different service models operate, subject to local context.
    Methods: We conducted mixed-methods analysis using inductive and deductive approaches for qualitative (observations, interviews) and quantitative data (time series analyses of attendances, reattendances, hospital admissions, length of stay) based on previous research using a purposive sample of 13 GP-ED service models (3 inside-integrated, 4 inside-parallel service, 3 outside-onsite and 3 with no GPs) in England and Wales. We used realist methodology to understand the relationship between contexts, mechanisms and outcomes to develop programme theories about how and why different GP-ED service models work.
    Results: GP-ED service models are complex, with variation in scope and scale of the service, influenced by individual, departmental and external factors. Quantitative data were of variable quality: overall, no reduction in attendances and waiting times, a mixed picture for hospital admissions and length of hospital stay. Our programme theories describe how the GP-ED service models operate: inside the ED, integrated with patient flow and general ED demand, with a wider GP role than usual primary care; outside the ED, addressing primary care demand with an experienced streaming nurse facilitating the 'right patients' are streamed to the GP; or within the ED as a parallel service with most variability in the level of integration and GP role.
    Conclusion: GP-ED services are complex . Our programme theories inform recommendations on how services could be modified in particular contexts to address local demand, or whether alternative healthcare services should be considered.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2040124-3
    ISSN 1472-0213 ; 1472-0205
    ISSN (online) 1472-0213
    ISSN 1472-0205
    DOI 10.1136/emermed-2023-213426
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Characteristics of California Emergency Departments in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Designated HIV Priority Counties.

    Bennett, Christopher L / Clay, Carson E / Siddiqi, Khairul A / Olatosi, Bankole A / Parsonnet, Julie / Camargo, Jr Carlos A

    The Journal of emergency medicine

    2023  Volume 64, Issue 1, Page(s) 93–102

    Abstract: Background: Refocused national HIV testing initiatives include a geographic focus.: Objective: Using a geographic focus, we sought to identify which emergency departments (EDs) might be the most efficient targets for future HIV testing efforts, using ...

    Abstract Background: Refocused national HIV testing initiatives include a geographic focus.
    Objective: Using a geographic focus, we sought to identify which emergency departments (EDs) might be the most efficient targets for future HIV testing efforts, using California as an example.
    Methods: Retrospective analysis of California EDs, emergency physicians, and patients served, along with county-level estimates of HIV prevalence and proportion of the population living in poverty. Emphasis was placed on characterizing EDs affiliated with teaching hospitals and those located in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention HIV priority counties.
    Results: Of the 320 EDs studied, 178 were in priority counties, 29 were affiliated with teaching hospitals, and 24 had both characteristics. Of the 12,869,889 ED visits included, 61.8% occurred in priority counties, 14.7% in EDs affiliated with teaching hospitals, and 12.0% in EDs with both characteristics. The subset of EDs in priority counties with teaching hospital affiliations (compared with priority and nonpriority county ED groups without a teaching hospital affiliation) had higher overall median visit volumes and higher proportions of visits by at-risk and CDC-targeted populations (e.g., individuals who were homeless, those who identified as Black or African American race, and those who identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, all p < 0.01).
    Conclusions: EDs in priority counties affiliated with teaching hospitals are major sources of health care in California. These EDs more often serve populations disproportionately impacted by HIV. These departments are efficient targets to direct testing efforts. Increasing testing in these EDs could reduce the burden of undiagnosed HIV in California.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States ; Retrospective Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; California ; Hospitals, Teaching ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605559-x
    ISSN 0736-4679
    ISSN 0736-4679
    DOI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.10.020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Losing a Loved One During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An On-Line Survey Looking at the Effects on Traumatic Stress, Coping and Post-Traumatic Growth.

    Carson, Jerome / Gunda, Austin / Qasim, Komal / Allen, Rosie / Bradley, Melvin / Prescott, Julie

    Omega

    2021  , Page(s) 302228211049683

    Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a devastating effect across the world. In the UK alone, the death toll is 132,742, with 207 people dying the previous day and a total of 6,825,074 cases of Covid-19 thus far (September 1st, 2021). The aim of this study was ... ...

    Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has had a devastating effect across the world. In the UK alone, the death toll is 132,742, with 207 people dying the previous day and a total of 6,825,074 cases of Covid-19 thus far (September 1st, 2021). The aim of this study was to look at post-traumatic stress, coping skills and post-traumatic growth in relatives, who lost a loved one during the pandemic. Some 185 individuals took part in a Qualtrics survey. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the Coping Assessment for Bereavement and Loss (CABLE) and the Post-Traumatic Growth Questionnaire. There were two major findings. First, there were very high levels of post-traumatic stress, with 94.6% of the sample scoring above the threshold of 33 for a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Second, levels of post-traumatic growth were very low. Losing a relative during the Covid-19 pandemic may lead to more PTSD. The circumstances surrounding many Covid deaths, may have long term negative consequences for the bereaved relatives.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207363-8
    ISSN 1541-3764 ; 0030-2228
    ISSN (online) 1541-3764
    ISSN 0030-2228
    DOI 10.1177/00302228211049683
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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