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Article ; Online: Postnatal administration of S-adenosylmethionine restores developmental AHR activation-induced deficits in CD8+ T cell function during influenza A virus infection.

Post, Christina M / Myers, Jason R / Winans, Bethany / Lawrence, B Paige

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

2023

Abstract: Developmental exposures can influence life-long health; yet, counteracting negative consequences is challenging due to poor understanding of cellular mechanisms. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binds many small molecules, including numerous ... ...

Abstract	Developmental exposures can influence life-long health; yet, counteracting negative consequences is challenging due to poor understanding of cellular mechanisms. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binds many small molecules, including numerous pollutants. Developmental exposure to the signature environmental AHR ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) significantly dampens adaptive immune responses to influenza A virus (IAV) in adult offspring. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are crucial for successful infection resolution, which depends on the number generated and the complexity of their functionality. Prior studies showed developmental AHR activation significantly reduced the number of virus-specific CD8+ T cells, but impact on their functions is less clear. Other studies showed developmental exposure was associated with differences in DNA methylation in CD8+ T cells. Yet, empirical evidence that differences in DNA methylation are causally related to altered CD8+ T cell function is lacking. The two objectives were to ascertain whether developmental AHR activation affects CTL function, and whether differences in methylation contribute to reduced CD8+ T cell responses to infection. Developmental AHR triggering significantly reduced CTL polyfunctionality, and modified the transcriptional program of CD8+ T cells. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which increases DNA methylation, but not Zebularine, which diminishes DNA methylation, restored polyfunctionality and boosted the number of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. These findings suggest that diminished methylation, initiated by developmental exposure to an AHR-binding chemical, contributes to durable changes in antiviral CD8+ CTL functions later in life. Thus, deleterious consequence of development exposure to environmental chemicals are not permanently fixed, opening the door for interventional strategies to improve health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1420885-4
ISSN	1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
ISSN (online)	1096-0929
ISSN	1096-6080
DOI	10.1093/toxsci/kfad019
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Article ; Online: Health care and harm reduction provider perspectives on treating older adults who use non-medical opioids: a qualitative study set in Chicago.

Mason, Maryann / Post, Lori Ann / Aggarwal, Rahul

BMC health services research

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 876

Abstract: Background: Opioid overdose death rates are increasing for adults aged 55 and older, with especially high rates in large urban areas. In parallel, admissions to treatment programs for older adults using illicit substances are increasing as well. Despite ...

Abstract	Background: Opioid overdose death rates are increasing for adults aged 55 and older, with especially high rates in large urban areas. In parallel, admissions to treatment programs for older adults using illicit substances are increasing as well. Despite these trends, there is a lack of information about older adults who use non-medical opioids (NMO) and even less knowledge about their health and service encounters. Conducted in Chicago, Illinois, this qualitative study explores the perspectives of health care and harm reduction service providers who work with older adults using non-medical opioids. Methods: The study used snowball sampling to locate participants with expertise in working with older adults who use non-medical opioids. In total, we conducted 26 semi-structured interviews from September 2021-August 2022. We explored questions regarding participants' perceptions of older adult opioid use patterns, comorbidities, and involvement in harm reduction outreach and opioid use disorder treatment. Results: Many of the providers we interviewed consider older adults who use NMO as a distinct population that employ unique use behaviors with the intent to protect them from opioid overdose. However, these same unique behaviors may potentiate their risk for overdose in today's climate. Providers report initial encounters that are not care seeking for opioid use and primarily oriented around health conditions. Older adults who use non-medical opioids are seen as complex patients due to the need to diagnostically untangle symptoms of substance use from co-morbidities and conditions associated with aging. Treatment for this population is also viewed as complicated due to the interactions between aging, comorbidities, and substance use. Providers also noted that older adults who use NMO have use behaviors that make them less visible to outreach and treatment service providers, potentially putting them at increased risk for overdose and health conditions associated with opioid use. Conclusions: Findings from this study are intended to inform future research on care provision for older adults who use non-medical opioids and may be especially applicable to large urban reas with histories of opioid use dating back to earlier drug epidemics of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Harm Reduction ; Chicago/epidemiology ; Opiate Overdose ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/therapy ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Drug Overdose/prevention & control ; Delivery of Health Care
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050434-2
ISSN	1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
ISSN	1472-6963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-023-09843-4
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Book ; Online: Identifying Context-Dependent Translations for Evaluation Set Production

Wicks, Rachel / Post, Matt

2023

Abstract: A major impediment to the transition to context-aware machine translation is the absence of good evaluation metrics and test sets. Sentences that require context to be translated correctly are rare in test sets, reducing the utility of standard corpus- ... ...

Abstract	A major impediment to the transition to context-aware machine translation is the absence of good evaluation metrics and test sets. Sentences that require context to be translated correctly are rare in test sets, reducing the utility of standard corpus-level metrics such as COMET or BLEU. On the other hand, datasets that annotate such sentences are also rare, small in scale, and available for only a few languages. To address this, we modernize, generalize, and extend previous annotation pipelines to produce CTXPRO, a tool that identifies subsets of parallel documents containing sentences that require context to correctly translate five phenomena: gender, formality, and animacy for pronouns, verb phrase ellipsis, and ambiguous noun inflections. The input to the pipeline is a set of hand-crafted, per-language, linguistically-informed rules that select contextual sentence pairs using coreference, part-of-speech, and morphological features provided by state-of-the-art tools. We apply this pipeline to seven languages pairs (EN into and out-of DE, ES, FR, IT, PL, PT, and RU) and two datasets (OpenSubtitles and WMT test sets), and validate its performance using both overlap with previous work and its ability to discriminate a contextual MT system from a sentence-based one. We release the CTXPRO pipeline and data as open source. Comment: WMT 2023 Proceedings
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Subject code	400
Publishing date	2023-11-04
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Correlates of physical activity in ambulatory people with spinal cord injury during the first year after inpatient rehabilitation.

Postma, Karin / van Diemen, Tijn / Post, Marcel W M / Stolwijk-Swüste, Janneke M / van den Berg-Emons, Rita J G / Osterthun, Rutger

Spinal cord

2024

Abstract: ... Results: Mobility was longitudinally associated with level of PA (beta: 4.5, P < 0.001, R: Conclusions ... with level of PA in ambulatory people with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) during the first-year post-inpatient ...

Abstract	Study design: Longitudinal cohort study. Objectives: Examine the longitudinal association between mobility and level of physical activity (PA) and explore which other factors are also associated with level of PA in ambulatory people with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) during the first-year post-inpatient rehabilitation. Setting: Three SCI-specialized rehabilitation centers and the Dutch community. Methods: Forty-seven adults with recent SCI and ambulatory function were included. All had motor incomplete lesions, 49% had tetraplegia, and the mean age was 55 ± 13 years. Duration of accelerometry-based all-day PA and self-reported level of mobility, exertion of walking, pain, fatigue, depressive mood symptoms, fear of falling, exercise self-efficacy, and attitude toward PA were measured just before discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and 6 and 12 months after discharge. All data were longitudinally analyzed using generalized estimating equations analyses. Models were corrected for age, lesion level, and time since injury. Results: Mobility was longitudinally associated with level of PA (beta: 4.5, P < 0.001, R Conclusions: Mobility, exertion of walking, fear of falling, and exercise self-efficacy seem to be correlates of level of PA in ambulatory people with SCI during the first year after inpatient rehabilitation. Targeting these factors using an interdisciplinary approach may enhance levels of PA in this population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1316161-1
ISSN	1476-5624 ; 1362-4393
ISSN (online)	1476-5624
ISSN	1362-4393
DOI	10.1038/s41393-024-00982-x
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Article ; Online: Investigating the Role of Metabolism for Antibiotic Combination Therapies in

Golden, Martina M / Post, Savannah J / Rivera, Renata / Wuest, William M

ACS infectious diseases

2023 Volume 9, Issue 12, Page(s) 2386–2393

Abstract: Antibacterial resistance poses a severe threat to public health; an anticipated 14-fold increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections is expected to occur by 2050. Contrary to antibiotics, combination therapies are the standard of care for ... ...

Abstract	Antibacterial resistance poses a severe threat to public health; an anticipated 14-fold increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections is expected to occur by 2050. Contrary to antibiotics, combination therapies are the standard of care for antiviral and anticancer treatments, as synergistic drug-drug interactions can decrease dosage and resistance development. In this study, we investigated combination treatments of a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (promysalin) with specific inhibitors of metabolism and efflux alongside a panel of clinically approved antibiotics in synergy studies. Through these investigations, we determined that promysalin can work synergistically with vancomycin and antagonistically with aminoglycosides and a glyoxylate shunt pathway inhibitor at subinhibitory concentrations; however, these cooperative effects do not reduce minimum inhibitory concentrations. The variability of these results underscores the complexity of targeting metabolism for combination therapies in antibiotic development.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pyrrolidines/pharmacology ; Salicylamides/pharmacology ; Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; promysalin ; Pyrrolidines ; Salicylamides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2373-8227
ISSN (online)	2373-8227
DOI	10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00452
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Article ; Online: Large herbivore diversity slows sea ice-associated decline in arctic tundra diversity.

Post, Eric / Kaarlejärvi, Elina / Macias-Fauria, Marc / Watts, David A / Bøving, Pernille Sporon / Cahoon, Sean M P / Higgins, R Conor / John, Christian / Kerby, Jeffrey T / Pedersen, Christian / Post, Mason / Sullivan, Patrick F

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 380, Issue 6651, Page(s) 1282–1287

Abstract: Biodiversity is declining globally in response to multiple human stressors, including climate forcing. Nonetheless, local diversity trends are inconsistent in some taxa, obscuring contributions of local processes to global patterns. Arctic tundra ... ...

Abstract	Biodiversity is declining globally in response to multiple human stressors, including climate forcing. Nonetheless, local diversity trends are inconsistent in some taxa, obscuring contributions of local processes to global patterns. Arctic tundra diversity, including plants, fungi, and lichens, declined during a 15-year experiment that combined warming with exclusion of large herbivores known to influence tundra vegetation composition. Tundra diversity declined regardless of experimental treatment, as background growing season temperatures rose with sea ice loss. However, diversity declined slower with large herbivores than without them. This difference was associated with an increase in effective diversity of large herbivores as formerly abundant caribou declined and muskoxen increased. Efforts that promote herbivore diversity, such as rewilding, may help mitigate impacts of warming on tundra diversity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Arctic Regions ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; Herbivory ; Ice Cover ; Plants ; Reindeer/physiology ; Tundra ; Extinction, Biological
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.add2679
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Zs.A 27: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 77: Show issues

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Article ; Online: From GeoSentinel data to epidemiological insights: a multidisciplinary effort towards artificial intelligence-supported detection of infectious disease outbreaks.

Heidema, Stan / Stoepker, Ivo V / Flaherty, Gerard / Angelo, Kristina M / Post, Richard A J / Miller, Charles / Libman, Michael / Hamer, Davidson H / van den Heuvel, Edwin R / Huits, Ralph

Journal of travel medicine

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1212504-0
ISSN	1708-8305 ; 1195-1982
ISSN (online)	1708-8305
ISSN	1195-1982
DOI	10.1093/jtm/taae013
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Article: Age and gender differences in non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease.

Maas, Bart R / Göttgens, Irene / Tijsse Klasen, Hermina P S / Kapelle, Willanka M / Radder, Danique L M / Bloem, Bastiaan R / Post, Bart / de Vries, Nienke M / Darweesh, Sirwan K L

Frontiers in neurology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1339716

Abstract: Background: Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are highly prevalent and heterogenic. Previous studies aimed to gain more insight on this heterogeneity by investigating age and gender differences in non-motor symptom severity, but findings ... ...

Abstract	Background: Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are highly prevalent and heterogenic. Previous studies aimed to gain more insight on this heterogeneity by investigating age and gender differences in non-motor symptom severity, but findings were inconsistent. Furthermore, besides examining the single effects of age and gender, the interaction between them in relation to non-motor functioning has -as far as we know- not been investigated before. Objectives: To investigate the association of age and gender identity -as well as the interaction between age and gender identity- with non-motor symptoms and their impact on quality of life. Methods: We combined three large and independent studies. This approach resulted in a total number of unique participants of 1,509. We used linear regression models to assess the association of age and gender identity, and their interaction, with non-motor symptoms and their impact on quality of life. Results: Older people with PD generally had worse cognitive functioning, worse autonomic functioning and worse quality of life. Women with PD generally experienced more anxiety, worse autonomic functioning and worse quality of life compared to men with PD, whereas men with PD generally had worse cognitive functioning. In interaction analyses by age and gender identity, depressive symptoms and anxiety were disproportionally worse with increasing age in women compared to men. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that both age and gender -as well as their interaction- are differentially associated with non-motor symptoms of PD. Both research and clinical practice should pay more attention to demographic subgroups differences and possible different treatment approaches with respect to age and gender. We showed how combining datasets is of added value in this kind of analyses and encourage others to use similar approaches.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2024.1339716
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Article ; Online: We should address residential relocation to improve patient care.

Fernandez, Albert M / Rice, Timothy R / Post, Stephen G

Journal of paediatrics and child health

2020 Volume 56, Issue 10, Page(s) 1496–1499

Abstract: Moving, or residential relocation, occurs frequently in childhood and adolescence as well as in adulthood, yet little scientific consensus exists on its impact upon health outcomes. This paper summarises the available literature on this broad topic and ... ...

Abstract	Moving, or residential relocation, occurs frequently in childhood and adolescence as well as in adulthood, yet little scientific consensus exists on its impact upon health outcomes. This paper summarises the available literature on this broad topic and explores the currently known factors of importance surrounding residential relocation. There is already evidence to support an increased risk of suicidal ideation, psychiatric disorders including substance use disorders, functional impairments and future general medical health impairments in children, adolescents and adults with histories of residential relocation. Intrapersonal factors, such as personality type and the availability of coping skills, as well as interpersonal factors, such as family composition and system strengths, attenuate risk and are integral to additionally assess. While there is support for the contribution of residential relocation in the onset of youth psychopathology that warrant consideration of residential relocation in the standard assessment of a patient, further studies are needed to better explore this factor in select populations.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Patient Care ; Substance-Related Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-04
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1024476-1
ISSN	1440-1754 ; 1034-4810
ISSN (online)	1440-1754
ISSN	1034-4810
DOI	10.1111/jpc.15120
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of a smartphone-based Cognitive Bias Modification program for emotion regulation: A randomized-controlled crossover trial.

Dietel, Fanny Alexandra / Rupprecht, Raphael / Seriyo, Alexander Mohamed / Post, Malte / Sudhoff, Bastian / Reichart, Jacqueline / Berking, Matthias / Buhlmann, Ulrike

Internet interventions

2024 Volume 35, Page(s) 100719

Abstract: Previous research has identified maladaptive emotion regulation as a key factor in psychopathology. Thus, addressing emotion regulation via scalable, low-threshold digital interventions - such as smartphone-based Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) - holds ...

Abstract	Previous research has identified maladaptive emotion regulation as a key factor in psychopathology. Thus, addressing emotion regulation via scalable, low-threshold digital interventions - such as smartphone-based Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) - holds important therapeutic potential. Using a randomized-controlled crossover trial, we tested the efficacy of an integrated CBM module within the Affect Regulation Training (ART, i.e., CBM-ART) that targeted emotion regulation through elements of appraisal-based and approach avoidance training. Undergraduate students reporting elevated stress were randomized to a one-week active intervention (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2764252-5
ISSN	2214-7829 ; 2214-7829
ISSN (online)	2214-7829
ISSN	2214-7829
DOI	10.1016/j.invent.2024.100719
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